Pancreas: Insulin, Glucagon, Diabetes

Front 1

INSULIN

Back 1

from the a cell and is a peptide hormone with no binding protein, in 5-10 min 1/2 is removed from the liver on 1st pass. Moves sugars (aa and fa) into cells for synthesis and storage.

Front 2

Mechanism of insulin action

Back 2

insulin binds to tyrosine kinase receptors to stimulate transport and metabolic processes. MOst actions occur via docking protein IRS-1. See pg. 190.

Front 3

insulin

Back 3

turns protein translation and transcription on and selected anabolic enzymes are activated.

Front 4

Glut 4

Back 4

is tranlocated into the membrane of muscles and adipose tissue by insulin

Front 5

glut2 is insulin independent

Back 5

and is in liver and pancreatic cells. INsulin still facilitates glucose uptake by the liver becasue it stimulates glucokinase. glucose to g6p

Front 6

Insulin does not act on

Back 6

brain, intestinal epithelium, renal medulla, or RBC

Front 7

insulin has an initial spike after glucose consumption

Back 7

and then lowers and then has a longer increase 10 to 20 minutes later.

Front 8

Glucagon

Back 8

is a 29aa chain peptide, that is produced in gut and pancreas into same product, but subsequent processing yields two different products.

Front 9

liver is the primary target of glucagon and results

Back 9

in glucose generation, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. ASLO causes lipolysis, and increased hepatic ketogenesis

Front 10

glucagon actually

Back 10

stimulates insulin

Front 11

yet insulin inhibts

Back 11

glucagon

Front 12

activators of glucagon in clude

Back 12

parasymps, symps, low glucose, aa, fasting exercise stress,

Front 13

in diabetes

Back 13

insluin and glucagon high.

Front 14

diabetes

Back 14

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, potassium high, ketacidosis, kussmall respirations, chronic complications

Front 15

Sulphonylureas

Back 15

stimulate insulin release and enhance insulin action

Front 16

glucophage

Back 16

upregulates insulin receptors

Front 17

GLP1

Back 17

stimulates insluin secretion

Front 18

amylin agonist

Back 18

reduces glucagon

Front 19

PI3 kinase and ras cascades

Back 19

are both activated by IRS-1

Front 20

somatostatin

Back 20

decreases insulin secretion and glucagon

Front 21

glucagon does its thing

Back 21

by cAMP mechanism

Front 22

diabetes has a glucose tolerance test

Back 22

that has a prolonged spike in blood sugar.