Pance Word Associations

Front 1

“Ash leaf” hypopigmentation of trunk & Ext, shagreen patch, sebaceous adenomas, seizures, mental retardation; Ass. w/ PCK, renal hemartomas

Back 1

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 2

< 2 days post-op with fever

Back 2

Atelectasis

Front 3

< 2mo fever

Back 3

Septic w/u - blood Cx, LP

Front 4

< 40 yo male with Fever, perineal pain, dysuria.

Back 4

Acute prostatitis caused by Chlamydia & N. gonorrhea. Treat accordingly (Bactrim #2 choice). > 40yo think e. coli is cause (Tx w/ FQ)

Front 5

< 5yo fever, seizures

Back 5

Febrile seizure

Front 6

< 70 yo blindness

Back 6

DM retinopathy (MCC)

Front 7

<35 yo, college students. Fever, cough, +/- sputum, chills, muscle aches

Back 7

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 8

> 70 yo blindness

Back 8

Macular degeneration

Front 9

>35yo with PNA. Rusty colored or yellow-green sputum. Acute onset F/C

Back 9

Strep. Pneumonia

Front 10

>50 yo female w/ HA. Temporal artery tenderness or blindness

Back 10

Temporal arteritis (Giant cell arteritis). Elevated ESR, get temporal artery biopsy

Front 11

>50 yo obstructive voiding sx, nocturia. Firm smooth enlarged prostate. Nl PSA

Back 11

BPH. (Cancer would have firm, irregular, nodular non-tender prostate, elevated PSA)

Front 12

>60yo F, LLQ pain

Back 12

Diverticulitis. IV Abx, fluids, NPO.

Front 13

12 – 15yo overweight male knee pain, limp, hip pain (knee XR normal)

Back 13

SCFE

Front 14

1st tooth (central incisor)

Back 14

6 – 8 mo

Front 15

20yo female w/ rubbery, firm, well-circumscribed, non-tender breast lesion, doesn’t change w/ cycle

Back 15

Fibroadenoma

Front 16

3 mHz spikes on EEG

Back 16

Absence (petit-mal) seizures.

Front 17

3 words, fees self w/ spoon, builds tower

Back 17

24 mo

Front 18

30 – 50yo female, painful, multiple, bilateral breast masses that increase in pain and size before menses

Back 18

Fibrocystic breast disease

Front 19

45,X – low hairline, low set ears, webbed neck, short stature; shield chest, wide set nipples, infertility, lack of Secondary sex characteristics

Back 19

Turners (gonadal dysgenesis

Front 20

6cm unilateral, mobile, tender adnexal mass

Back 20

Tubo-ovarian abscess

Front 21

8 – 10yo male with limp, knee pain

Back 21

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Front 22

Abdominal distension, bloating, intermittent, colicky pain, high-pitched rushes & tinkles

Back 22

SBO

Front 23

Abdominal pain, diarrhea after picnic/party. Eaten ham, cream, custards, mayonnaise

Back 23

Staphylococcus aureus infectious diarrhea

Front 24

Acetowhitening

Back 24

Condyloa acuminata

Front 25

Acute bacterial diarrhea w/ prodrome of HA, F, then crampy abd pain & diarrhea

Back 25

Campylobacter jejuni – most common cause of acute bacterial diarrhea

Front 26

Acute joint pain. Swollen, warm, erythema.

Back 26

Septic arthritis (synovial fluid = leukocytosis, low glucose)

Front 27

Acute Painful red eye, halos (or colored rings around lights), hazy, steamy cornea. Pupil is fixed and (mid) dilated. Onset after being in dark room

Back 27

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Front 28

Acute steroid withdrawal

Back 28

Addison’s disease, crisis

Front 29

Acute swollen big toe

Back 29

Gout

Front 30

Adolescent female w/ HA. +FHx. Severe HA, N/V, photphobia. +/- auras

Back 30

Migraine HA

Front 31

Adolescent female with midcycle pain alternating from left to right side. Relieved w/ NSAIDs

Back 31

Mittelschmerz

Front 32

Adolescent male with knee pain, tenderness over tibial tuberosity

Back 32

Osgood-schlatter disease

Front 33

Afebrile, watery or loose stool. No blood or mucus

Back 33

Viral Gastroenteritis

Front 34

Afferent papillary defect, marcus-gunn pupils

Back 34

Optic nerve lesion. Tertiary syphilis (marcus-gunn)

Front 35

AFP

Back 35

Hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular seminoma (germ cell tumor)

Front 36

Air fluid levels on upright abd plain film

Back 36

SBO

Front 37

Air under diaphragm, rigid board-like abdomen

Back 37

Perforated viscus, perforated ulcer

Front 38

Airway edema with eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes

Back 38

Asthma

Front 39

Alcoholic with DOE, heart failure

Back 39

Primary dilated CM

Front 40

Alcoholic with massive hemoptysis

Back 40

Esophageal varicies (Tx w/ octreotide)

Front 41

Alcoholic with palpitations, arrhythmia

Back 41

Atrial fibrillation (Holiday heart)

Front 42

Anemia after colectomy, partial gastrectomy. Glossitis, decreased vibratory sensation

Back 42

B12 or Pernicious anemia

Front 43

Antidepressant use w/ anticholinergic side effects, dry mouth, dysrhythmias, sedation, orthostatic hypotension

Back 43

TCA overdose

Front 44

Anti-endomysial antibodies

Back 44

Celiac Sprue

Front 45

Antipsychotic meds (phenotiazines), facial tics, lip smacking, tongue disorders, blinking, ataxia

Back 45

Tardive dyskinesia

Front 46

Apical infiltrates, F, C, dry cough

Back 46

TB

Front 47

Apple core lesion

Back 47

Colon Cancer

Front 48

Ascending paralysis

Back 48

GBS

Front 49

Atrial fibrillation or prosthetic valve

Back 49

Warfarin (2 – 3 for Afib; 2.5 – 3.5 for valve); Tx Warfarin OD is vitamin K

Front 50

Attacks of severe HA, HTN, glucosuria

Back 50

Pheochromocytoma – Tx pre-op w/ alpha blocker

Front 51

Auer rods

Back 51

AML

Front 52

Beefy red, sharp bordered rash in groin (infants), under breast folds with satellite lesions

Back 52

Candida: Tx: Nystatin/Lotrimin cream QID x14d; if fails Ketoconazole

Front 53

Beriberi

Back 53

Thiamine; Alcoholics, Neuro Sx

Front 54

Bilateral DILATED pupils

Back 54

Anticholinergics, TCA, anti-parkinsonian drugs, profound hypoxemia

Front 55

Bilateral hemianopia

Back 55

Optic chiasm lesion

Front 56

Bilateral pinpoint pupils

Back 56

Pontine hemorrhage

Front 57

Binge eating, laxative use, starvation

Back 57

Bulimia nervosa (Tx w/ SSRI – Fluoxetine)

Front 58

Bite w/ fever, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, bradycardia, HTN, tachyarrhythmias

Back 58

Black widow (neurotoxin)

Front 59

Bite with local edema, erythema, central necrosis

Back 59

Brown recluse

Front 60

Bloody Diarrhea

Back 60

Ulcerative colitis

Front 61

Blue extremities worse w/ cold exposure, improves w/ warming

Back 61

Acrocyanosis

Front 62

Breast mass, nipple retraction, bloody nipple discharge

Back 62

Breast cancer (mass is most common presenting clinical manifestation)

Front 63

Bulimia with electrolyte disorders

Back 63

Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Front 64

Bullous myringitis

Back 64

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 65

CA 19-9

Back 65

Pancreatic Ca

Front 66

CA-125

Back 66

Ovarian Carcinoma

Front 67

Can’t retract foreskin

Back 67

Phimosis

Front 68

Cavitations on CXR

Back 68

Infections – lung abscess, TB (Gohn focus)

Front 69

CEA

Back 69

Colon Carcinoma

Front 70

Central obesity, abdominal stria, hyperglycemia, moon facies, buffalo hump, easy bruising

Back 70

Cushing syndrome

Front 71

Chemotherapy induced N&V

Back 71

Treat with Ondansetron (Zofran) (5-HT3 blockers)

Front 72

Children < 10yo w/ vesicles on pharynx, mouth, hands, feet w/ NO ulceration

Back 72

Hand-Foot-Mouth disease. Coxksackie Virus

Front 73

Choking, cyanosis, respiratory distress, increased secretions in 1st hours of life

Back 73

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Front 74

Christmas tree pattern, erythematous papules w/ oval plaues w/ scaly itchy border. Rash preceded by lagre oval plaque w/ central clearing & scaly border

Back 74

Pityriasis rosea; Herald patch

Front 75

Chronic cough, bitter taste in mouth or throat, dyspepsia

Back 75

GERD

Front 76

Claudication with rest pain, (ABI < 0.4)

Back 76

Tx is arterial bypass

Front 77

Clear vulvar vesicles, inguinal LAD

Back 77

Herpes virus (Genital)

Front 78

Cold induced pain at extremities with color change as they warm up

Back 78

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Front 79

College student with sore throat. Enlarged tonsils, anterior cervical LAD. Splenomegaly. CBC – elevated atypical lymphoctyes

Back 79

EBV - mononucleosis

Front 80

Concave

Back 80

Subdural Hematoma

Front 81

Concentrated urine. Hyponatremia

Back 81

SIADH

Front 82

Conjunctivitis, iritis, arthritis, cervicitis, urethritis

Back 82

Reiter’s syndrome

Front 83

Constant, sharp CP worse lying down, better sitting up and leaning forward

Back 83

Pericarditis

Front 84

Continuous bleeding post-op or trauma. Given multiple blood transfusions. Low platelets, increased PT, INR, + fibrin split products (increased d-dimer)

Back 84

DIC

Front 85

Continuous harsh, machine-like murmur

Back 85

PDA

Front 86

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

Back 86

Rubeola (Measles)

Front 87

Crush injury, alcoholic on ground, elevated CPK, ARF

Back 87

Rhabdomyolysis

Front 88

Crushing CP, dyspnea, palpitations, radiation to neck or left arm

Back 88

Angina (if lasts minutes), AMI if lasts > 30 minutes. Acute Ischemia – ST elevation; Injury – T wave depression; Infarct – Q wave

Front 89

Curtain or veil over my eyes, new onset floaters

Back 89

Retinal detachment

Front 90

Cyanotic infant with systolic thrill @ LSB, systolic ejection murmur +/- click

Back 90

Tetralogy of falot

Front 91

Cystic fibrosis w/ PNA

Back 91

Pseudomonas aueroginosa causative agent

Front 92

Dark skinned person with “whitening or lightening” of skin. Hx pernicious anemia or other autoimmune disease

Back 92

Vitiligo. Skin biopsy to diagnose

Front 93

Decreased radioactive iodine uptake, decreased free T4, increased TSH

Back 93

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Front 94

Deep breathing alternating w/ apnea

Back 94

Cheyne-Stokes breathing – heart failure, brain damage

Front 95

Deterioration of cognitive function, memory

Back 95

Dementia

Front 96

Dewdrops on rose petal, pustules & vesicles at different stages of healing

Back 96

Varicella (Chicken Pox)

Front 97

Dexamethasone suppression test

Back 97

Cushing syndrome

Front 98

Diabetic w/ anorexia, anemia, wt loss, pallor

Back 98

CRF

Front 99

Diabetic, ear pain

Back 99

MOE, Pseudomonas, IV abx (FQ), CT head

Front 100

Diamond shaped, blowing systolic murmur. May have angina, syncope, CHF

Back 100

Aortic stenosis

Front 101

Diastolic murmur best heart at apex without radiation

Back 101

Mitral stenosis (ARMS are BAD)

Front 102

Diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia

Back 102

Vertibrobasilar insufficiency

Front 103

Distinct, sharp raised demarcated border with fever, chills. Group A Strep

Back 103

Erysipelas

Front 104

Dix-hallpike maneuver

Back 104

BPPV

Front 105

DM & HTN Tx

Back 105

ACEI is best choice

Front 106

DOE, PND, edema. Echo w/ LVH or RVH, hypokinesis

Back 106

CHF

Front 107

Drooling, sniffing position, tripod, toxic

Back 107

Epiglottitis

Front 108

dusky red, well localized single or multiple papules or plaques usually of face

Back 108

Discoid lupus

Front 109

Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia. Uterus is fixed, retroflexed. Cyclic pelvic pain. May have palpable pelvic mass

Back 109

Endometriosis. Palpable pelvic mass – “chocolate cyst”

Front 110

Dyspnea after surgery, travel (airplane), LE Fx. May have c/o calf pain also.

Back 110

DVT/PE

Front 111

Eggshell pattern on CXR

Back 111

Silicosis (Sandblasters)

Front 112

EKG changes, N, V, yellow-green visual disturbances

Back 112

Digoxin toxicity (Hypokalemia will make worse)

Front 113

Elderly w/ systolic murmur

Back 113

Aortic stenosis (due to calcifications – age related (or bicuspid valve - congenital)

Front 114

Elderly with positive hemmocult.

Back 114

Colon Cancer – get colonoscopy

Front 115

Elderly, Hx atherosclerosis. Dull crampy periumbilical pain post-prandial

Back 115

Mesenteric ischemia

Front 116

Electrical alternans, narrow pulse pressure, pulsus paradoxus

Back 116

Pericardial effusion/tamponade

Front 117

Elevated Alkaline phosphatase, urinary bilirubin

Back 117

Cholecystitis

Front 118

Elevated AST, ALT, indirect bilirubin

Back 118

Hepatitis

Front 119

Elevated Hgb, Hct, splenomegaly, post showering pruritis, plethora, engorged retinal veins

Back 119

Polycythemia vera; Tx = Phlebotomy

Front 120

Elevated indirect bilirubin w/ defective glucuronyl transferase

Back 120

Crigler-Najjar Dz

Front 121

Enlarged PID, DIP

Back 121

Osteoarthritis (herberden – PIP; bouchard – DIP)

Front 122

Erythema marginatum

Back 122

Rheumatic Fever

Front 123

Erythema nodosum

Back 123

Systemic autoimmune diseases (RA, IBD), OCP

Front 124

Erythematic ring with scaly border & central clearing

Back 124

Tinea (fungal infection); KOH prep = hyphae

Front 125

Erythematous, dome-shaped nodule with central plug

Back 125

Keratoacanthoma

Front 126

Exogenous corticosteroid use

Back 126

Cushing syndrome

Front 127

Exopthalmos, palpitations, wt. loss. Elevated radioactive idodine uptake

Back 127

Hyperthyroid, Graves Dx – Tx w/ Radioactive iodine

Front 128

Extrapyradimidal signs, BP changes, altered consciousness, hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, dysarthria, CV instability, fever, pulmonary congestion, diaphoresis. Pt on antipsychotic meds

Back 128

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Tx supportive care & antipyretics

Front 129

Eye trauma, diplopia. Exophthalmos, fixed upward gaze, hyphema

Back 129

Orbital blow-out fracture; Immediate ophthalmology referral

Front 130

F, RUQ pain, Jaundice, gallstones & dilated common duct on US

Back 130

Ascending cholangitis (Charcot’s triad)

Front 131

Family history of young age colon cancer, multiple polyps found on colonoscopy

Back 131

Familial adenomatous polyposis (Gardner’s syndrome)

Front 132

Fat, forty, female, fertile w/ RUQ pain

Back 132

Cholelithiasis or Cholecystitis

Front 133

Fatigue, PM sweats, weight loss, painless LAD or neck mass

Back 133

Lymphoma – do Lymph node biopsy. Bone marrow Bx and CT scan used for staging

Front 134

Fatigue, weakness, low fever, purpura, pallor, gingival bleeding. No HSM

Back 134

Aplastic anemia

Front 135

Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, apathy, weight loss, insomnia, daytime sleepiness. Thoughts of suicide

Back 135

Depression (SSRI = drug of choice)

Front 136

Female exam, asymmetric posterior chest wall or uneven scapula height with forward bending

Back 136

Scoliosis (> 25 degree Cobb angle = surgery)

Front 137

Female morning joint pain & stiffness esp. hand/wrists. MCP joint swelling, ulnar deviation

Back 137

Rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate (DMARDs) #1.

Front 138

Female or Post MI, systolic murmur best @ apex preceded by click without radiation

Back 138

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 139

Female with acute abdominal pain. No characteristic acute abdomen pattern

Back 139

Ectopic pregnancy

Front 140

Female with Arthralgias, malar rash, +ANA, + anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, +anti-phospholipid antibodies

Back 140

SLE

Front 141

Female with recurrent abdominal pain, alternating diarrhea, constipation. Pain relieved with defecation.

Back 141

IBS. TCA’s (nortriptyline) good if diarrhea predominant symptom

Front 142

Female, fatigue, general aching, pain at neck, upper shoulders, sleeping problems, tender points

Back 142

Fibromyalgia (exercise program good management)

Front 143

Female, weight loss, palpitations, atrial fibrillation

Back 143

Hyperthyroid (work it up with TSH, T4)

Front 144

Fever, cough, sputum. Crackles, decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, +egophony, pectoriloquy. CXR – infiltrates or consolidation

Back 144

Pneumonia

Front 145

Fever, pharyngitis, “sandpaper” rash over face, neck, trunk, extremities

Back 145

Scarlet Fever

Front 146

Fever, RUQ pain, radiation to back

Back 146

Cholecystitis

Front 147

Fibrous band on lateral penis

Back 147

Peyronie’s disease

Front 148

Firm irregular shaped, NONTENDER enlarged uterus

Back 148

Leiomyoma

Front 149

Fishy odor, Thin grayish vaginal discharge, Clue cells

Back 149

Bacterial vaginitis; Gardnerella vaginalis

Front 150

Flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass

Back 150

AAA

Front 151

Flat brown spots with sharp borders on dorsum of hand

Back 151

Lentigines

Front 152

Flesh-colored, pink or yellow-brown lesion with rough, sandpaper feel, at sun-exposed areas

Back 152

Actinic Keratosis

Front 153

FOOSH, Radial fracture w/ dorsal displacement, dinner-fork deformity

Back 153

Colle’s Fx; Tx = volar splint

Front 154

Football player with burning pain, numbness, tingling from shoulder to hand which resolves

Back 154

Brachial plexus neurapraxia, “stinger”. Caused by stretching of brachial plexus

Front 155

Frothy, clear – white or yellow-green to gray adherent vaginal discharge, dysuria, vaginal pruritis. Vulvar and cervical erythema. Flagellated protozoa

Back 155

Trichomonas

Front 156

FTA-ABS, MTA-TP

Back 156

Syphilis diagnosis

Front 157

G6PD + Quinidine, Nitrofurantoin, Sulfa

Back 157

Hemolytic anemia

Front 158

Gangrene

Back 158

Clostridium infection – an anaerobic bacteria. Tx w/ hyperbaric oxygen, Penicillins, surgical excision

Front 159

Gastroparesis, impotence, recurrent infections, stocking-glove paresthesia

Back 159

Diabetic neuropathy (Treat w/ TCA (amitriptyline)

Front 160

Giant Multinucleated cells

Back 160

Herpes virus (Genital)

Front 161

Gram negative intracellular diplococcic

Back 161

Gonorrhea

Front 162

Gram stain

Back 162

Bacterial infections

Front 163

Granulomas and inflammation of alveoli, small bronchi and small blood vessels

Back 163

Sarcoidosis

Front 164

Gray pharyngeal pseudomembrane, rash, splenomegaly, supraclavicular LAD

Back 164

Diphtheria

Front 165

Greasy, foul smelling, floating stools. Pear-shaped flagellated protozoan w/ 2 “eyes”. Water, travel, camping history

Back 165

Giardia

Front 166

Grossly elevated blood pressure esp. w/ signs of EOD

Back 166

Malignant or Urgent HTN

Front 167

Ground glass appearance on CXR

Back 167

Asbestosis (shipbuilders, building demolition)

Front 168

Grouped vesicles on erythematous base

Back 168

Herpes virus

Front 169

H.pylori gastritis

Back 169

2antibiotics & PPI

Front 170

HA worse in AM w/ focal neuro deficits

Back 170

Brain Tumor (MC is glioma)

Front 171

HA, sinus pressure, yellow – green nasal discharge

Back 171

Sinusitis – CT is gold standard

Front 172

Hand injury after a punch

Back 172

Boxer’s fracture. Ulnar gutter w/ intrinsic plus positioning. ORIF if angulation > 40 degress

Front 173

Hard periumbilical nodule

Back 173

Sister mary Joseph nodule = indicates metastatic gastric and pancreatic cancers

Front 174

Head trauma, disoriented – lucent – coma

Back 174

Epidural Hematoma

Front 175

Healthy looking < 5yo with lace-like rash on both cheeks – red papules

Back 175

Erythema infectiosum “Slapped cheek”, “5th Dz”.

Front 176

Hearing loss or tinnitus w/ metabolic acidosis

Back 176

Aspirin OD

Front 177

Heart failure after URI

Back 177

Myocarditis

Front 178

Heart failure, LVH

Back 178

ACEI (improves survival, prevents development of heart failure Sx)

Front 179

Hematuria, purpuric rash following streptococcal infection

Back 179

Glomerulonephritis, HSP

Front 180

Hematuria, RBC casts, proteinuria

Back 180

Glomerulonephritis

Front 181

Hemophilia A, Duchennes MD

Back 181

X-linked Recessive

Front 182

High fever (up to 105oF) x 5 days then rash. May have conjunctivitis, cracking, lip fissures

Back 182

Kawasaki’s Disease; look for cardiac complications (myocarditis, pericarditis, arteritis, aneurysms)

Front 183

High output heart failure

Back 183

Pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, anemia, beriberi, paget’s disease

Front 184

Hilar mass on CXR

Back 184

Lung Ca

Front 185

HLA-B27

Back 185

Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome

Front 186

Holosystolic murmur @ LSB, may have ventricular hypertrophy

Back 186

VSD

Front 187

Honey colored crusts on erythematous base around nose & mouth

Back 187

Impetigo. Tx = Mupirocin

Front 188

Horizontal Nystagmus, acute onset vertigo

Back 188

Peripheral lesion

Front 189

HTN not responsive to basic meds

Back 189

Think secondary HTN most likely Renal artery stenosis (infrarenal artery).

Front 190

HTN not responsive to meds

Back 190

Renal artery stenosis (Infrarenal artery)

Front 191

HTN Tx w/ meds, cough or angioedema

Back 191

ACEI is cause

Front 192

HTN w/ hypernatremia, hypokalemia

Back 192

Primary Aldosteronism

Front 193

Hx angina but no acute sx. EKG no acute changes.

Back 193

Do Exercise stress test

Front 194

Hx CHF on diuretic & digoxin

Back 194

Suspect dig toxicity (hypokalemia from diuretic = dig toxicity)

Front 195

Hx HTN, nephrotic syndrome, CRF or Renal insufficiency. Know CBC.

Back 195

Anemia

Front 196

Hx IBD, progressive RUQ pain, wt loss, F, jaundice & pruritis. Elevated bilrubin & alkaline phosphate. ERCP with bile duct stenosis, dilatation

Back 196

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (diffuse intra- and extrahepatic duct sclerosing and dilatation)

Front 197

Hx URI the palpable purpuric rash to buttocks, posterior thighs

Back 197

HSP (Hx post Strep A infection)

Front 198

Hyaline Casts

Back 198

Normal (may be present after febrile illness, strenuous exercise)

Front 199

Hyperinflation on CXR, tear drop heart

Back 199

Emphysema

Front 200

Hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension, hypotension not responsive to fluids, hypotension following an illness, trauma, or surgery

Back 200

Addison’s disease, crisis (Low aldosterone; get Random or AM cortisol, ACTH stimulation test)

Front 201

Hypoglycemia despite glucose administration. Increased C-peptide

Back 201

Insulinoma

Front 202

Hypoglycemia in alcoholic

Back 202

Give Thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Front 203

Hyponatremia w/ bizarre behavior.

Back 203

Lithium toxicity

Front 204

Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

Back 204

Acute adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s crisis)

Front 205

Hypopigmented lesions, white, scaly. Gets worse w/ tanning or sun exposure

Back 205

Pityriasis Alba

Front 206

Incontinence with straining

Back 206

Stress

Front 207

Increased BUN/Cr, low FeNa

Back 207

Prerenal Failure (Azotemia)

Front 208

Indirect immunofluorescent Ab, Weil-Felix rxn, complement

Back 208

RMSF (Rickettsia rickettsia)

Front 209

Infant or pediatric w/ grouped vesicles on thumb or “tapioca” vesicles on thumb

Back 209

Herpetic whitlow

Front 210

Infant w/ dyspnea, difficulty feeding. Holosystolic murmur @ LSB, 3rd ICS. LVH & RVH

Back 210

VSD

Front 211

Infant w/ erythematous, scaly crusty lesions at vertex of scalp

Back 211

Cradle cap – seborrheic dermatitis (Tx in infants w/ baby shampoo, warm olive oil compress, mild Hydrocortisone cream; Adults – selenium sulfide shampoo)

Front 212

Infant w/ round face, large protruding tongue, dry skin, umbilical hernia, constipation, enlarged abdomen, poor feeding, delayed developmental milestones

Back 212

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Front 213

Inflammation of glans

Back 213

Balanitis

Front 214

Infrequent blinking, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, masked facies

Back 214

Parkinson’s

Front 215

Inspiratory stridor

Back 215

FB, viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Front 216

Intense pruritis esp. PM. Burrow like lesions at wrists, elbows, hands, webs of fingers

Back 216

Scabies

Front 217

Introduce solid foods (cereal, fruits)

Back 217

4 – 6 mo; after 6 mo add meat, eggs, starchy foods

Front 218

Irregular irregular

Back 218

Atrial fibrillation; (if > 48 or chronic – anticoagulate)

Front 219

Irritative voiding symptoms, Fever, chills, CVA tenderness

Back 219

Pyelonephritis

Front 220

Isolated elevated indirect bilirubin

Back 220

Gilbert’s syndrome

Front 221

IVDA w/ new murmur

Back 221

Bacterial endocarditis (strep. Viridians)

Front 222

JVD, Hypotension, muffled heart sounds

Back 222

Pericardial effusion/tamponade (Beck’s triad)

Front 223

Kidney & lung bleeding (hematuria, hemoptysis)

Back 223

Goodpasteures

Front 224

Knee injury during football game

Back 224

ACL (look for description of lachman or drawer test)

Front 225

KOH

Back 225

Fungus, Candida; Hyphae & buds, spaghetti & meatballs

Front 226

Large joint pain. Knees w/ medial joint space narrowing, osteophytes. No erythema or warmth.

Back 226

Osteoarthritis. Acetaminophen #1 choice

Front 227

Lateral displaced PMI, Canon “a” waves, Quincke’s pulse, Corrigan’s pulse, Austin flint murmur, deMusset’s sign, water

Back 227

Aortic Regurgitation/Insufficiency: Quincke’s pulse (subungual capillar pulsation), Corrigan (rapid rise and fall), Austin filnt (low pitch middiastolic murmur at apex)

Front 228

LE pain after long periods of standing. Dilated, tortuous, veins

Back 228

Varicose veins. Tx w/ compression stockings

Front 229

LE rubor, no hair, brittle nails, pallor on elevation, calf or LE pain esp. with walking short distances relieved with rest or at PM

Back 229

Arterial insufficiency/PAD, Intermittent claudication (ABI best choice, ateriogram gold standard)

Front 230

Lens shaped hemorrhage

Back 230

Epidural Hematoma

Front 231

Loss of central vision

Back 231

Ipsilateral optic nerve lesion

Front 232

Low output heart failure

Back 232

Ischemic heart disease, HTN, dilated CM, valve disease, arrhythmia

Front 233

LP w/ decreased glucose, increased protein

Back 233

Bacterial meningitis

Front 234

LP w/ decreased protein, very few neutrophils

Back 234

syphilitic meningitis

Front 235

Lung scan with perfusion defects

Back 235

PE

Front 236

Lytic lesions in the back or skull

Back 236

Multiple myeloma

Front 237

Magenta tongue

Back 237

Riboflavin deficiency (B2)

Front 238

Malaria prophylaxis

Back 238

Chloroquine

Front 239

Male w/ gynecomastia, diminished or delayed secondary sex characteristics, small firm testicles, long arms & legs (eunechoid body habitus)

Back 239

Klinefelter Syndrome XXY. Low serum testosterone & infertility.

Front 240

Male w/ low back pain, stiffness. Pain worse wakening, improve during day. Decreased ROM at spine. Plain films show sacroiliac abnormality. HLA-B27 positive

Back 240

Ankylosing spondylitis; Tx = NSAIDs (Indomethacin)

Front 241

Male, recurrent relapsing HA. Worsened w/ EtOH, Lacrimation, salivation, rhinorrhea

Back 241

Cluster HA

Front 242

Mechanical valve or prosthesis & Dental, GU, GI, or ortho procedure prophylaxis

Back 242

Bacterial endocarditis (strep. Viridians) prevention

Front 243

Meconium-stained amniotic fluids

Back 243

Fetal distress

Front 244

Meningitis & <2mo

Back 244

Grp B Strep, E. coli (Tx < 1yo = Vanco + Rocephin)

Front 245

Meningitis < 4yo

Back 245

H. flu, Grp B strep, N. meningititis

Front 246

Meningitis > 2yo, adults

Back 246

Strep, N. meningititis

Front 247

Meningitis and rash

Back 247

Meningiococcal

Front 248

Mousy urine

Back 248

PKU

Front 249

MRSA

Back 249

“spider bite” appearing lesion that turns into abscess. Tx w/ Vanco +/- rifampin, gentamicin, linezolid

Front 250

Mucosal or gingival bleeding, epistaxix, menorrhagia

Back 250

Von Willebrand disease

Front 251

Multiple or constant GI ulcer pain despite medications

Back 251

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Front 252

Murmur & Hx rheumatic heart disease

Back 252

Mitral stenosis #1, Tricuspid Stenosis #2

Front 253

myelin fragments, ↑ IgG, oligoclonal bands (Pathognomonic); Lhermitte’s sign = electrical sensation down body w/ neck flexion

Back 253

MS

Front 254

N/V, epigastric abdominal pain, worse supine, caused by alcohol ingestion, or following fatty meals

Back 254

Acute pancreatitis

Front 255

Neonate w/ projectile vomiting. Olive sized mass.

Back 255

Pyloric stenosis

Front 256

Neurofibromatosis

Back 256

Autosomal dominant

Front 257

New murmur after MI (esp. if apical systolic)

Back 257

Mitral regurgitation (caused by papillary muscle rupture)

Front 258

Night blindness

Back 258

Vit A deficiency

Front 259

Non-pruritic, raised, warty brown-black plaques, stuck onto skin feel greasy

Back 259

Seborrheic keratosis

Front 260

Oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria following streptococcal infection

Back 260

Acute glomeruloneprhitis

Front 261

Osteomyelitis after stepping on nail wearing sandals or tennis shoes

Back 261

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (foam padding in shoes)

Front 262

Otitis media

Back 262

Strep. Pneumonia, H. influenza, strep. Pyogenes, moraxella catarhallis

Front 263

Overweight, irregular menstrual cycles (poss. Amenorrhea), elevated blood sugar, hirsutism

Back 263

PCOS (stein-leventhal syndrome)

Front 264

Pain after tx of fracture w/ cast

Back 264

Compartment syndrome

Front 265

Pain at base of thumb, distal radial styloid. Pain reproduced with ulnar deviation of clenched fist.

Back 265

deQuervain’s tenosynovitis

Front 266

Pain on plantar foot @ 2 – 3rd metatarsal. Associated w/ tight shoes, relieved by removing shoes. Palpable painful mass

Back 266

Morton’s neuroma; Tx w/ NSAIDs, wide shoes, then steroid injections

Front 267

Pain preceding vesicular rash in dermatomal pattern

Back 267

Herpes Zoster (if involved eye = herpes keratitis. NO steroids. Get immediate ophthalmology referral)

Front 268

Painful swelling of upper or lower eyelid

Back 268

Hordeolum

Front 269

Painless bony mass. Plain films = stalky or broad-based projection from bone surface

Back 269

Osteochondroma

Front 270

Painless hematuria, flank pain or mass

Back 270

Renal cell Carcinoma

Front 271

Painless LAD (us. Neck or axilla), LAD in orderly fashion; “B” signs + pruritis; splenomegaly; LN pain after drinking alcohol

Back 271

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Front 272

Painless LAD us. Scattered. “B” signs

Back 272

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Front 273

Painless rectal bleeding in pediatrics

Back 273

Meckel’s diverticulum

Front 274

Painless rectal bleeding. Bulging perianal mass w/ straining

Back 274

Internal hemorrhoids

Front 275

Painless vision loss. History of HTN

Back 275

CRVO (blood & Thunder, retinal hemorrhages)

Front 276

Painless vision loss. History of TIA, palpitations, arrhythmia, carotid disease, embolic source

Back 276

CRAO (pale retina, cherry red macula)

Front 277

Painless, nontender nodule on upper or lower eyelid

Back 277

Chalazion

Front 278

Painless, yellow triangular nodule on conjunctivia

Back 278

Pinguecula (more common on nasal side)

Front 279

Pale, edematous, boggy turbinates

Back 279

Allergic rhinitis

Front 280

Paplitations, tremors, hyperventilation or respiratory alkalosis, numb or tingling mouth or extremities

Back 280

Anxiety

Front 281

Paralysis after Campylobacter enteritis

Back 281

GBS

Front 282

Pastia’s lines, positive ASO titer

Back 282

Scarlet fever (Grp A Strep)

Front 283

Patchy fibrosis on CXR

Back 283

Farmers lung

Front 284

Peaked T-waves

Back 284

HyperKalemia

Front 285

Pearly papule with umbilicated center

Back 285

Molluscum contagiosum

Front 286

Pediatric wheezing

Back 286

lower respiratory FB, asthma

Front 287

Pediatric with barking cough, stridor

Back 287

viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis); Tx w/ racemic epi and glucocorticosteroids if stridor at rest.

Front 288

Pediatric with episodes of blank stares

Back 288

Absence (petit-mal) seizures.

Front 289

Pediatric with fever or Hx URI with encephalopathy, emesis, hyperactive reflexes, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes

Back 289

Reye’s syndrome from URI/post-flu or aspirin use

Front 290

Pediatric with high fever then after fever macular rash over trunk and neck. (rash after defervesence)

Back 290

Roseola infantum (Herpesvirus); Motrin, symptomatic treatment

Front 291

Pediatric with Hx recurrent lung infections, pancreatitis, reproductive problems, FTT

Back 291

Cystic fibrosis (Staph & Pseudomonal infections usually cause of death)

Front 292

Pediatric with perianal pruritis esp. at PM. Positive cellophane tape test

Back 292

Pruritis ani – Pinworms (enterobiasis). Tx is Mebendazole

Front 293

Peds w/ leg pain after physical activity, abnormal heart sounds, unequal UE & LE pulses, rib notching

Back 293

Coarctation of aorta

Front 294

Pellagra

Back 294

Niacin (4D’s dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death), bright red tongue

Front 295

Pericarditis post open heart surgery

Back 295

Dressler’s syndrome. Tx w/ ASA #1. Indomethacin or other NSAID OK.

Front 296

Periods of excessive drinking, buying, spending

Back 296

Manic phase of bipolar disorder

Front 297

Peri-umbilical or flank ecchymosis

Back 297

Acute pancreatitis (Cullen & Grey Turner’s Sign)

Front 298

Philadelphia chromosome

Back 298

CML

Front 299

Photosensitive rash

Back 299

TCN, Sulfa drugs

Front 300

Photosensitivity, abd pain w/ neurologic dysfunction, erythema or skin fragility

Back 300

Porphyria

Front 301

PICA, Pregnant & fatigue, Menstruation. Cheilosis

Back 301

Fe Deficiency Anemia

Front 302

Pleural thickening on CXR

Back 302

Mesothelioma

Front 303

PNA & decreased mental status, poor dental hygiene, dentures, foul smelling sputum, bronchiectasis. Patchy infiltrates in dependant lung zones

Back 303

Aspiration PNA

Front 304

PNA & HIV+, AIDS, Immunocompromised. Sx out of proportion to exam. Diffuse interstitial & alveolar infiltrates

Back 304

Pneumocystis jerovecii; TMP-SMX = Drug of choice

Front 305

PNA from Nursing homes, chronic care facility. Purulent sputum

Back 305

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 306

PNA w/ DM, immunocompromised, EtOH. Currant color sputum.

Back 306

Klebsiella

Front 307

PNA w/ Smokers, COPD

Back 307

H. influenza

Front 308

PNA w/ Water, late summer, construction site. Diarrhea. Toxic looking

Back 308

Legionella

Front 309

Polyuria, polydipsia. Dilute urine, Hypernatremia

Back 309

Diabetes insipidus

Front 310

Poor sleeping, obese, daytime fatigue & drowsy, snoring, HTN, PM wakening

Back 310

Obstructive sleep apnea

Front 311

Positive osmotic fragility test

Back 311

G6PD deficiency (hemolytic anemia w/ oxidative drugs – sulfa, nitrofurantoin, quinidine)

Front 312

Post MI

Back 312

Beta-blockers

Front 313

Post thyroidectomy – electrolyte watch

Back 313

Hypocalcemia

Front 314

Post thyroidectomy – most likely injury

Back 314

Recurrent laryngeal nerve = hoarseness

Front 315

Postmenopausal adnexal mass

Back 315

Ovarian Ca

Front 316

Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

Back 316

Endometrial Ca – do endometrial biopsy

Front 317

Postmenopausal, dyspareunia, thin vaginal discharge, atrophic vulvar changes, vaginal petechiae

Back 317

Atrophic vaginitis; Tx = topical estrogen

Front 318

Postpartum hemorrhage

Back 318

Uterine Atony. Tx = uterine massage

Front 319

Preemie CXR w/ hypoexpansion (ATX), air bronchograms

Back 319

Hyaline Mb Disease

Front 320

Pregnant

Back 320

Nagel’s rule: LMP + 7 – 3 mo

Front 321

Pregnant + rash, post-auricular or occipital LAD

Back 321

Rubella. Give vaccine AFTER delivery

Front 322

Pregnant < 20 wks gestation w/ vaginal bleeding, abd & pelvic pain. Blood from closed cervical os.

Back 322

Threatened abortion

Front 323

Pregnant < 20 wks gestation w/ vaginal bleeding, abd & pelvic pain. Tissue at or said to be passed from open cervical os.

Back 323

Incomplete abortion (complete abortion will have empty uterus, complete passage of fetal tissue, pain resolves after passage of tissue)

Front 324

Pregnant who drinks during pregnancy and inadequate peri-natal care

Back 324

Fetal alcohol syndrome – low birth weight

Front 325

Pregnant, HA, visual disturbance

Back 325

Pre-eclampsia

Front 326

Pregnant, seizures

Back 326

Eclampsia

Front 327

Premature birth, fetal maturity

Back 327

Give corticosteroids

Front 328

Premature infant with respiratory distress

Back 328

Hyaline Mb Disease

Front 329

Procainamide, hydralazine & rash

Back 329

Lupus-type eruptions

Front 330

Proximal symmetric muscle pain & stiffness esp. shoulder, neck, pelvic girdle

Back 330

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Front 331

Pruritic raised erythematous plaques

Back 331

Urticaria

Front 332

Pt on antipsychotic meds develops altered consciousness, lead-pipe rigidity, diaphoresis, catatonia. Hyperthermia, tachypnea, blood pressure changes.

Back 332

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Tx supportive care & antipyretics

Front 333

PUD, Pernicious anemia (Type A Gastritis), H. pylori

Back 333

Gastric Ca

Front 334

pulsus paradoxus

Back 334

Pericardial effusion/tamponade, pericarditis, asthma attack, tension PTX, SVC obstruction

Front 335

QT prolongation

Back 335

Hypocalemia

Front 336

Raccoons, bats, skunks

Back 336

Rabies; give Ig, Rabies vaccine if animal is not caught and tested

Front 337

Raised pearly-borders, telangiectasia, central ulcer

Back 337

Basal cell Ca

Front 338

Rapid onset of cognitive symptoms, mental status fluctuations, anxiety, irritability

Back 338

Delerium

Front 339

Rapid, deep labored breathing

Back 339

Kussmaul breathing – DKA, Metabolic acidosis

Front 340

Rat bite erosions on XR

Back 340

Psoriatic arthritis

Front 341

Raw red hands, chafed.

Back 341

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Front 342

RBC casts

Back 342

Glomerulonephritis

Front 343

Recurrent episodes of vision change, diplopia that resolve

Back 343

MS

Front 344

Recurrent episodes of vision change, diplopia, weakness & tingling in extremities that resolve

Back 344

MS

Front 345

Recurrent HA, HTN not responding to meds, sweating

Back 345

Pheochromocytoma – Tx pre-op w/ alpha blocker

Front 346

Recurrent kidney stones, elevated Calcium, decreased phosphorus

Back 346

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 347

Red cervix w/ mucopurulent discharge in sexually active female

Back 347

Chlamydia

Front 348

Red eye, copious purulent discharge

Back 348

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

Front 349

Red eye, hyperemia, chemosis, nodular conjunctivia

Back 349

Allergic conjunctivitis

Front 350

Red eye, watery discharge, preauricular LAD

Back 350

Viral conjunctivitis

Front 351

Red, less distinct borders. Coral red fluorescence under Wood’s lamp

Back 351

Erythrasma

Front 352

Reed-sternberg cells

Back 352

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Front 353

Reticular to nodular pattern on CXR

Back 353

Coal Miner’s lung

Front 354

Retropatellar knee pain esp. in females

Back 354

Patellorfemoral pain syndrome – increased Q angle, strengthen quadriceps

Front 355

Rickets

Back 355

Vit D (Osteomalacia)

Front 356

s/p Fall w/ bilateral LE weakness, urinary and rectal incontinence, decreased rectal tone

Back 356

Cauda equine syndrome = neurosurgical consult

Front 357

s/p gastric bypass surgery or gastric surgery. N, abd cramping, dizziness after eating. No masses, bleeding

Back 357

Dumping syndrome

Front 358

s/p thoracic trauma. Multiple rib fractures. Chest wall moves in with inspiration, out with expiration.

Back 358

Flail chest (pain control, incentive spirometry, pulmonary toilet, intubation)

Front 359

S3

Back 359

CHF, dilagted cardiomyopathy

Front 360

Scabies & Pediatrics

Back 360

NO LINDANE (KWELL). Permethrin (Elimite) is drug of choice

Front 361

Scurvy

Back 361

Vit C (easy bleeding, bruising, hair & tooth loss, joint pain & swelling)

Front 362

Secondary amenorrhea

Back 362

Pregnancy

Front 363

Sensorineural loss > 50yo

Back 363

Presbyacussis (Hi freq sounds 1st to go)

Front 364

Sexually active person w/ rash on palms & soles, general LAD

Back 364

Secondary syphilis (Money spots); VDRL will confirm

Front 365

Sexually active, multiple or new partner, urethral discharge, Gram negative intracellular diplococci

Back 365

Gonorrhea

Front 366

Short lived, intense relationships. Difficulty controlling anger esp. when feeling abandoned. Hx sexual promiscuity and substance abuse.

Back 366

Borderline personality disorder

Front 367

Short PR, wide QRS, Delta wave

Back 367

Wolf-parkinson-white; avoid Digoxin,

Front 368

Shoulder pain after repetitive activity, point tenderness at anterior humerus or AC joint. + drop arm test or apprehension test

Back 368

Rotator cuff injury (SITS muscles)

Front 369

Sickle cell

Back 369

Autosomal Recessive, pain in extremities after exercise, priaprism

Front 370

Sickle cell, CF, PKU

Back 370

Autosomal Recessive

Front 371

Silvery scaling plaques on extensor sensors. Ausptiz sign, Koebner’s phenomena

Back 371

Psoriasis

Front 372

Small white papules on diffusely red base on buccal mucosa

Back 372

Koplick spots – Rubeola (Measles). Spots occur before rash

Front 373

Smoker, chronic productive cough. NO hemoptysis, wt. loss.

Back 373

Brochitis (COPD)

Front 374

Smoker, DOE, cough

Back 374

COPD

Front 375

Smoker, white mouth lesion cannot be rubbed off

Back 375

Leukoplakia, rule out oral cancer

Front 376

Sneezing, clear rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip, nasal congestion seasonal occurance

Back 376

Allergic rhinitis. Nedocromil effective Tx.

Front 377

Softened, tender, diffusely globular uterine enlargement

Back 377

Adenomyosis

Front 378

spaghetti & meatballs

Back 378

Tinea (fungal infection

Front 379

Splenectomy

Back 379

Pneumococcal vaccine

Front 380

Spontaneous bloody, serous, or cloudy nipple discharge

Back 380

Intraductal papilloma

Front 381

Spontaneous Hemarthrosis

Back 381

Hemophilia A

Front 382

Stab wound to chest. Hypotension, tracheal shift

Back 382

Tension PTX

Front 383

Stab wound, hyperresonance to percussion, decreased breath sounds, tympany

Back 383

Pneumothorax

Front 384

Steeple sign

Back 384

FB, viral croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Front 385

Stqb wound, dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds.

Back 385

Hemothorax

Front 386

Strawberry tongue

Back 386

Scarlet fever (Grp A Strep)

Front 387

Sudden dizzy, N, V. NO tinnitus, hearing loss. Recent URI

Back 387

Vestibular neuronitis, labrynthitis

Front 388

Sudden dizzy, vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus

Back 388

Meniere’s disease; Treat w/ diuretics & low-sodium diet

Front 389

Sudden onset ripping, tearing chest pain, diminished pulses

Back 389

Aortic dissection

Front 390

Sudden onset thunderclap HA, “worse HA of my life”

Back 390

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 391

Sudden vertigo with changes in head position

Back 391

BPPV

Front 392

Superior contralateral quadrantopia

Back 392

Temporal optic radiation

Front 393

Supraclavicular LAD (L > R)

Back 393

Virchow’s node – metastatic abdominal cancer

Front 394

Sweat chloride test

Back 394

Cystic fibrosis

Front 395

Swimmer with ear pain, discharge

Back 395

Otitis externa

Front 396

Systolic ejection murmur heard best at base with radiation to left clavicle

Back 396

Pulmonary stenosis

Front 397

Systolic murmur heard best at apex with radiation to left axilla (apical systolic)

Back 397

Mitral regurgitation

Front 398

Tall, skinny, male, band student, acute onset one-sided chest pain, dyspnea

Back 398

Spontaneous PTX

Front 399

Target lesion, arthralgia, Bell’s Palsy

Back 399

Lyme Dz (Borrelia Burgdorfi)

Front 400

Teenage female with long bone pain without trauma or injury. XR w/ lytic mass, multi-laminated periosteal reaction

Back 400

Ewing sarcoma – periosteal “onion skin” reaction

Front 401

Temporal field loss

Back 401

Ipsilateral optic tract lesion

Front 402

Tetany, hypocalcemia, cataracts

Back 402

Hypoparathyroidism

Front 403

Thick white vaginal discharge, hyphae & buds on KOH prep

Back 403

Candida

Front 404

Thick, yellow, brittle nails

Back 404

Onychomycosis. Tx = PO Terbinafine

Front 405

Thumbprint sign

Back 405

Epiglottitis

Front 406

Tibial pain after running (military recruits), athletic activity (running sports)

Back 406

Shin splints, stress fracture. Get bone scan if negative x-ray

Front 407

Tinnitus and metabolic acidosis

Back 407

Salicylate Ingestion

Front 408

Transient monocular vision loss

Back 408

Amaurosis fugax – TIA, emboli

Front 409

Traveler’s Diarrhea

Back 409

E. coli is cause. Hydration & Cipro to treat

Front 410

Trendelenberg test of extremities

Back 410

Tests for veinous insufficiency.

Front 411

Truncal Rash in pediatric after fever

Back 411

Roseola infantum (Herpesvirus); Motrin, symptomatic treatment

Front 412

Tx of HTN w/ alpha-blocker

Back 412

SE is postural Hypotension

Front 413

Typing, secretary wrist pain and numb/tingling from wrist to hand. New mothers, pregnant may worsen

Back 413

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

Front 414

Tzank Smear

Back 414

Herpes virus (Genital)

Front 415

U waves

Back 415

HypoKalemia

Front 416

Unilateral facial weakness w/ inability to close eye

Back 416

Bell’s palsy (self-limiting)

Front 417

Unilateral foul smelling or purulent nasal discharge in a pediatric patient

Back 417

Nasal Foreign body

Front 418

Unilateral nerve deafness in middle age Pt

Back 418

Acoustic neuroma (order MRI)

Front 419

Urinary catecholamines, urinary metanephrines

Back 419

Pheochromocytoma – Tx pre-op w/ alpha blocker

Front 420

Venous stasis, vessel wall injury, hypercoagulability

Back 420

DVT/PE (Virchow’s triad)

Front 421

Vertical Nystagmus, insidious onset vertigo

Back 421

Central lesion (tumor)

Front 422

Viral Meningitis

Back 422

Mumps

Front 423

Vision loss over hours to days, painful EOM

Back 423

Optic Neuritis (assoc. w/ MS)

Front 424

Vit D – Rickets

Back 424

X-linked dominant

Front 425

Walks alone

Back 425

15 mo

Front 426

Warm, erythematous, tender skin with possible induration or fluctuance

Back 426

Cellulitis

Front 427

Weakness and fatigue in upper limbs, blurry vision, diplopia, respiratory distress

Back 427

Myasthenia gravis

Front 428

Weight loss, recurrent greasy stools (steatorrhea) mixed with diarrhea after certain foods

Back 428

Celiac Sprue

Front 429

Wheezing, prolonged expiration

Back 429

Asthma

Front 430

Wood’s light

Back 430

Coral red = Erythrasma

Front 431

Wood’s light fluoroscopy

Back 431

Dermatophytes infections, Erythrasma (coral red)

Front 432

Woods, forest, hikers. Macular rash at wrist, ankles then moves up extremities then trunk. After 5 days rash at palms & soles

Back 432

RMSF (Rickettsia rickettsia)

Front 433

Worsening fatigue, wt loss, weakness, recurrent abdominal pain, hair loss, hyperpigmentation. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

Back 433

Addison’s disease, crisis (Low aldosterone; get Random or AM cortisol, ACTH stimulation test)

Front 434

Wt. gain, edema, coarse dry skin, hair, menorrhagia, cold intolerance, hx transphenoidal surgery & radiation

Back 434

Hypothyroidism

Front 435

XXY ♂ - short stature, ↓ intelligence; small firm testes, gynecomastia, abn arm-body length

Back 435

Klinefelters (hypogonadism)

Front 436

Young athlete with syncope during athletic event or practice. No physical exam abnormalities

Back 436

Hypertrophic CM or fatal arrhythmia. Get EKG or Echo

Front 437

Young female (<30yo), palpitations, long arms & fingers, pectus excavatum, ectopic lentis, flexible joints

Back 437

Marfan’s Syndrome – MVP, Aortic regurgitation, Aortic dissection, Aortic root dilatation, ectopic lentis

Front 438

Young kid with difficulty standing from seated position. Calf muscle wasting

Back 438

Muscular dystrophy (weakness begins at pelvic girdle)

Front 439

Monoclonal spike on serum electrophoresis (M-protein)

Back 439

Multiple myeloma

Front 440

Smudge cells on peripheral smear

Back 440

CLL

Front 441

Palpable olive

Back 441

Pyloric Stenosis

Front 442

String sign (long narrow pyloric lumen)

Back 442

Pyloric Stenosis

Front 443

Bag of worms in scrotum

Back 443

Varicocele

Front 444

Boggy uterus

Back 444

Adenomyosis

Front 445

Steeple sx on x-ray

Back 445

croup

Front 446

Thumb sx on x-ray

Back 446

epiglottitis

Front 447

Cherry red spot (red fovea) on Fundoscopy

Back 447

CRAO

Front 448

Blood and Thunder retina

Back 448

CR Vein occlusion

Front 449

Rust-colored sputum

Back 449

Strep. Pneumo PNA

Front 450

Currant Jelly sputum

Back 450

Klebsiella pneumo. PNA

Front 451

Unilateral ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis

Back 451

Horner's Syndrome

Front 452

Parenchymal bullae or subpleural blebs

Back 452

Emphysema (patho.)

Front 453

ECG = S1Q3 inverted T3

Back 453

cor pulmonale from PE

Front 454

CXR honeycombing

Back 454

pulmonary fibrosis or bronchiectasis

Front 455

Lung bx = nonencaseating granulomas

Back 455

Sarcoidosis

Front 456

Hot potato voice

Back 456

peritonsillar abscess

Front 457

CXR visceral pleural line or "deep sulcus sign" on supine

Back 457

PTX

Front 458

Pharyngeal gray pseudomembrane

Back 458

Diphtheria

Front 459

Electrical alternans on ECG

Back 459

cardiac effusion (patho.)

Front 460

Osler nodes (pnful finger, toe, feet lesions), Janeway lesions (pnless palm and sole lesions), Roth spots (exudative retinal lesions/hemhorrages)

Back 460

Infective Endocarditis

Front 461

Bite cells (loss of Heinz body) on peripheral smear

Back 461

G6PD deficiency

Front 462

Heinz bodies on peripheral smear

Back 462

G6PD def. or thalassemia

Front 463

Beefy red tongue

Back 463

pronounced anemia

Front 464

Pica

Back 464

Fe deficiency

Front 465

Macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented PMNs

Back 465

Folate def. anemia (patho.)

Front 466

Pancytopenia with circulating blasts

Back 466

acute leukemia

Front 467

Auer rods on peripheral smear (needle-like inclusions in eosinophiles)

Back 467

AML (can also be ALL, but less likely)

Front 468

Blast-crisis

Back 468

CML

Front 469

Reed-Sternberg Cells on LN bx

Back 469

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Front 470

Rouleau Formation on peripheral smear

Back 470

Multiple Myeloma

Front 471

Bence Jones Proteins in urine

Back 471

Muliple Myeloma

Front 472

Parrot-beaked esophagus (dilated esophagus taper to the distal obstruction) on barium swallow

Back 472

Achalasia

Front 473

Cobblestone-pattern filling defects with segmental areas of involvement (skip lesions) on Barium enema or CT

Back 473

Chron's Dz.

Front 474

Currant Jelly stools

Back 474

Intussusception

Front 475

Sausage-like mass on abdominal exam

Back 475

Intussusception

Front 476

Chvostek's Sign (twitch facial nerve on tap)

Back 476

Hypocalcemia

Front 477

Trousseau's Sign (carpal tunnel spasm with BP cuff for 3 min.)

Back 477

Hypocalcemia

Front 478

Herberden's nodes (DIP nodes)

Back 478

OA

Front 479

Bouchard's nodes (PIP nodes)

Back 479

OA

Front 480

Swan neck deformity (flexed DIP, extended PIP, flexed MCP)

Back 480

RA

Front 481

Boutinniere deformity (extended DIP, flexed PIP)

Back 481

RA

Front 482

Subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces

Back 482

RA (patho.)

Front 483

Koebner's phenomenon (maculopapular rash elicited by scratching that appears in the evening)

Back 483

Juvenile RA

Front 484

Cup and Saucer appearance of proximal phalanx on x-ray

Back 484

Psoriatic arthritis

Front 485

Tinel's sign (percussion of volar wrist causes tingling)

Back 485

Carpal Tunnel

Front 486

Phalen's sign (wrist flexion for 1 min causes pain)

Back 486

Carpal Tunnel

Front 487

Fx of 5th MC neck

Back 487

Boxer's fx

Front 488

Distal radial fx with dorsal angulation

Back 488

Colle's fx

Front 489

Distal radial fx with volar angulation

Back 489

Smith's fx

Front 490

Sprain of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb

Back 490

Gamekeeper's thumb

Front 491

Anterior fat pad sign

Back 491

hemarthrosis in radial head fx

Front 492

Anatomical snuffbox pain

Back 492

Scaphoid fx

Front 493

Bamboo appearance on x-ray of spine

Back 493

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Front 494

Cresent sign of hip on x-ray

Back 494

Avascular necrosis of hip

Front 495

Posterior Fat pad sign

Back 495

Radial Head fx

Front 496

Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Back 496

Alzheimer's

Front 497

Battle sx

Back 497

Basilar skull fx

Front 498

WBC casts

Back 498

pyelo. (or nephritis)

Front 499

Hyaline casts

Back 499

ARF (or normal in athletes)

Front 500

Renal Tubular Epitheleal cell casts ("muddy brown casts")

Back 500

ATN

Front 501

RBC casts

Back 501

glomerulonephritis

Front 502

Positive Finkelstein (pain with fist ulnar deviation)

Back 502

DeQuervain's

Front 503

Pedunculated bone mass capped in cartilage

Back 503

Osteochondroma

Front 504

Gottron's sx (scaly, papule rash on dorsal hands)

Back 504

Dermatomyositis

Front 505

Heliotrope rash (eyelid erythema)

Back 505

Dermatomyositis (or SLE)

Front 506

Low morning cortisol with elevated ACTH

Back 506

Addison's disease

Front 507

More than 125 mg/dL urine cortisol in 24 hours

Back 507

Cushings

Front 508

Milkman lines or Looser zones (pseudofractures)

Back 508

Osteomalacia

Front 509

Eruptive and tendious xanthomas

Back 509

Hyperlipidemia (patho.)

Front 510

Petechial rash with meningeal sxs

Back 510

Neisseria Meningitidis

Front 511

KOH hyphae and spores ("spaghetti and meatballs")

Back 511

Tinea versicolor

Front 512

S-shaped burrows on skin

Back 512

Scabies

Front 513

Snowstorm on TVU with elevated BHcg

Back 513

Hydatidiform mole

Front 514

Rope-like on CBE

Back 514

Fibrocystic breasts

Front 515

Herald patch then "Christamas tree" appearing rash

Back 515

Pityrasis Rosea

Front 516

Oncholysis with oil spots

Back 516

Psoriasis (patho.)

Front 517

Hot tub folliculitis

Back 517

Pseudomonas aureginosa

Front 518

Terry's nails (white nail bed)

Back 518

Liver disease/cirrhosis

Front 519

Azure (blue) lunulae on nails

Back 519

Wilson's disease

Front 520

Absent or decreased femoral pulses with a murmur

Back 520

Coarctation of the aorta (patho.)

Front 521

Kayser-Fleischer rings (brown rings btw iris and cornea)

Back 521

Wilson's Disease

Front 522

Boot-shaped heart

Back 522

RVH from Tet. Of Fallot

Front 523

Egg on a string (narrow mediastinum)

Back 523

Transposition of Great Vessels

Front 524

Lower BP in arms vs legs

Back 524

Coarct. Aorta

Front 525

Barking cough like a seal

Back 525

Croup

Front 526

Figure 3 sign on CXR

Back 526

Coarct. Aorta

Front 527

Machine-like murmur

Back 527

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

Front 528

Absence of "Scottie-Dog" sign on spinal film

Back 528

Spondyloysis

Front 529

Inability to pass NGT in an infant

Back 529

Choanal Atresia

Front 530

Palpable, non-tender gallbladder (Courvoisier's sign)

Back 530

Pancreatic CA

Front 531

Charcot's triad (fever, chills, RUQ pain, jaundice)

Back 531

Ascending Cholangitis

Front 532

Bird beak deformity on x-ray

Back 532

Achalasia or Sigmoid Volvulus

Front 533

Apple-core lesion on Barium Enema

Back 533

Colon CA

Front 534

Lead pipe deformity (loss of normal haustral markings) on Barium Enema

Back 534

UC

Front 535

Clue cells on wet-prep and positive Whiff test (amine odor)

Back 535

BV (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Front 536

Strawberry Cervix

Back 536

Trichomonas

Front 537

Hyphae and buds on KOH Prep

Back 537

Vaginal Candidiasis

Front 538

String sign/ Sign of Kantor (Stricture or Stenosis) on Barium Enema

Back 538

Chron's disease

Front 539

Chandelier Sign on pelvic/speculum exam (cervical motion tenderness)

Back 539

PID

Front 540

Koplik spots-grains of sand on an erythematous base (Blue-White buccal lesions)

Back 540

Measles/Rubeola (patho.)

Front 541

Sandpaper rash (like sunburn with goosebumps)

Back 541

Scarlet Fever

Front 542

Strawberry tongue

Back 542

Scarlet Fever

Front 543

Honey golden crusts on face

Back 543

Impetigo (Streptococcus Pyoderma)

Front 544

Gram-positive, encapsulated, box-shaped rods in chains

Back 544

Cutaneous Anthrax

Front 545

Rice-water diarrhea (gray, turbid, and without odor, blood, or pus)

Back 545

Cholera

Front 546

Pea-soup Diarrhea

Back 546

Enteric/Typhoid fever

Front 547

Hyperplastic prickle cells with excess keratin

Back 547

HPV skin warts

Front 548

Koilocytotic squamous cells or vacuolated Squamous epithelial cells in clumps on Pap

Back 548

HPV cervical warts

Front 549

Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck Smear

Back 549

Herpes Simplex Virus

Front 550

Intracytoplasmic inclusions ("owl's eyes") on tissue biopsy

Back 550

CMV

Front 551

Pizza pie (neovascularization with profliferation) on Fund

Back 551

CMV

Front 552

Satellite lesions on buttocks

Back 552

Diaper dermatitis with candida

Front 553

Bull's eye skin lesion

Back 553

Erythema Migrans from Lyme Dz.

Front 554

String of Pearls on ovarian US

Back 554

PCOS

Front 555

Sack of grapes or "grape-like vesicles" on TVU

Back 555

Complete Hydatidiform Mole

Front 556

5 Ps (purple, planar, polygonal, pruritic papule)

Back 556

Lichen Planus

Front 557

Lesions that have white lines (Wickham's striae)

Back 557

Lichen Planus

Front 558

Slapped cheek syndrome

Back 558

Parvovirus B19/ Fifth's Dz/ Erythema Infecticosum

Front 559

11:22

Back 559

transloc seen in ewing sarcoma

Front 560

11-hydroxylase deficiency

Back 560

virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, HTN

Front 561

14:18

Back 561

follicular lymphoma IG heavy chain on 14, bcl-2 oncogene on 18

Front 562

15:17

Back 562

acute promyelocytic leukemia PML gene on 15 and RARa on 17

Front 563

8:14

Back 563

Burkitts c::myc is on 8, IG heavy chain is on 14

Front 564

9:22

Back 564

Philadelphia chromosome, CML bcr abl fusion c-abl on 9, bcr on 22

Front 565

Actinic keratosis

Back 565

Often precedes SCC

Front 566

Addison’s disease

Back 566

1° adrenocortical deficiency

Front 567

Addisonian Anemia

Back 567

pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ? ?IF ? ?Vit B12 ? megaloblastic anemia)

Front 568

Adhesive arachnoiditis

Back 568

Caused by bacterial meningitis, leads to obstructive hydrocephalus

Front 569

AFP decrease

Back 569

Down’s

Front 570

AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum

Back 570

Spina Bifida; Anencephaly

Front 571

AFP increase

Back 571

Neural tube defects, hepatocellular carcinoma, yolk sac and embryonal carcinoma

Front 572

Albers SCHonberg dx

Back 572

aka osteopetrosis, marble bone dx, dense skeleton, failure of osteoclastic activity

Front 573

Albright’s syndrome

Back 573

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls

Front 574

Albuminocytologic dissociation

Back 574

Guillain-Barré (↑ protein in CSF with only modest ↑ in cell count)

Front 575

Alport’s Syndrome

Back 575

hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes)

Front 576

Alzheimer’s

Back 576

progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus and cortex, ? Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)

Front 577

Amnion nodosum

Back 577

Renal agenesis

Front 578

Amyloid in thyroid

Back 578

Thyroid medullary carcinoma (calcitonin)

Front 579

Analgesic abuse

Back 579

Papillary necrosis, esp. in diabetics

Front 580

ANAs in SLE

Back 580

dsDNA antibodies and Sm Smith antigen

Front 581

Anasarca

Back 581

Minimal change disease

Front 582

Aneurysmal nodules

Back 582

Polyarteritis nodosa

Front 583

Angelman syndrome

Back 583

materal transmission del(15)(q11q13), aka happy puppet syndrome, mental retardation, ataxia, seizures, inappropriate laughter

Front 584

Angiomyolipoma

Back 584

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 585

Anosmia

Back 585

Kallman’s syndrome

Front 586

Anterior vermian atrophy

Back 586

alcoholism

Front 587

Anti–basement membrane antibodies

Back 587

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Front 588

Anti-centromere antibody

Back 588

Limited scleroderma (CREST)

Front 589

Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibody

Back 589

Diffuse scleroderma

Front 590

Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)

Back 590

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Front 591

Anti-endomysial antibody

Back 591

Celiac sprue

Front 592

Anti–epithelial cell antibodies

Back 592

Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 593

Antigliadin antibodies

Back 593

Celiac disease

Front 594

Antihistone antibodies

Back 594

Drug-induced SLE

Front 595

Anti-IgG antibodies

Back 595

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 596

Anti-jo antibody

Back 596

polymyositis

Front 597

Anti-mitochondrial antibody

Back 597

1° biliary cirrhosis

Front 598

Antineutrophil antibodies

Back 598

Vasculitis

Front 599

Antiplatelet antibodies

Back 599

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Front 600

Anti-sacharommyces cervisiae antibody

Back 600

Crohn’s

Front 601

Anti-Smith antibodies

Back 601

Specific for SLE, anti-ribonulceoprotein

Front 602

Anti-smooth muscle antibody

Back 602

Autoimmune hepatitis type I

Front 603

APC

Back 603

tumor suppressor common in familial polyposis coli and adenoCA of colon as well as other tumors

Front 604

Arachnodactyly

Back 604

Marfan’s syndrome

Front 605

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

Back 605

loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral), “Prostitute’s Eye” -accommodates but does not react, Pathognomonic for 3° Syphilis

Front 606

Arnold Chiari formation

Back 606

downward displacement of cerebellar tonsils and medulla through foramen magnum

Front 607

Arthus reaction

Back 607

seen in hyperacute rejection,

Front 608

Aschoff body

Back 608

Rheumatic fever; area of focal interstitial myocardial inflammation characterized by fragmented collagen and fibrinoid material, by large cells (Anitschkow myocytes) and occasional multinucleated giant cells (Aschoff cells)

Front 609

Ashleaf spots (skin)

Back 609

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 610

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 610

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Front 611

Atypical lymphocytes

Back 611

EBV

Front 612

Auer rods

Back 612

Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type; (AML type M3))

Front 613

Autosplenectomy

Back 613

Sickle cell anemia

Front 614

Babinski’s sign

Back 614

UMN lesion

Front 615

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Back 615

S. aureus, strep. pneumo, Hemophilus aegyptius

Front 616

Baker’s cyst in popliteal fossa

Back 616

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 617

Bamboo spine” on x-ray

Back 617

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 618

Barrett’s

Back 618

columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)

Front 619

Bartter’s Syndrome

Back 619

hyperreninemia

Front 620

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Back 620

Lead poisoning

Front 621

Bax

Back 621

gene product facilitates apoptosis

Front 622

Bcl2

Back 622

gene product inhibits apoptosis

Front 623

Becker’s muscular dystrophy

Back 623

Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne’s

Front 624

Beckwith Weidemann syndrome

Back 624

hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, organomegaly, neonatal hypoglycemia, various embryonal tumors, deleted WT 2 gene

Front 625

Bell’s Palsy

Back 625

CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

Front 626

Bence Jones proteins

Back 626

Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Front 627

Berger dx

Back 627

aka IgA nephropathy, deposition of IgA in mesangium, benign recurrent hematuria in kids following infection

Front 628

Beriberi

Back 628

this comes in a wet variety and a dry one, they are both Vit B1 thiamine deficiency

Front 629

Bernard-Soulier Disease

Back 629

defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein ["GPIb IX V"]) autosomal recessive

Front 630

Berry Aneurysm

Back 630

circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed), often associated with ADPKD

Front 631

Bilateral breast cancer

Back 631

Lobular carcinoma

Front 632

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Back 632

Sarcoidosis

Front 633

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma

Back 633

Von Hippel-Lindau

Front 634

Binswanger dx

Back 634

aka subcortical leukoencephalopathy, assoc with HTN, multiple lacunar infarcts and progressive demyelination in subcortical area

Front 635

Birbeck granules on EM

Back 635

Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma); tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic inclusion seen in langerhans cells (so also seen in langerhan cell histiocytosis)

Front 636

Bladder trabeculation

Back 636

BPH

Front 637

Bloody nipple discharge

Back 637

Intraductal papilloma

Front 638

Bloody tap on LP

Back 638

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 639

Blue bloater”

Back 639

Chronic bronchitis

Front 640

Blue sclera

Back 640

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 641

Blueberry muffin baby

Back 641

Rubella

Front 642

Blue-domed cysts

Back 642

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 643

Boot-shaped heart on x-ray

Back 643

Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH

Front 644

Bouchard’s nodes

Back 644

Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)

Front 645

Boutonnière deformity

Back 645

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 646

Bowen’s Disease

Back 646

carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)

Front 647

Bowenoid papulosis

Back 647

appears as multiple wart-like lesions resembling condyloma accuminatum

Front 648

Branching rods in oral infection

Back 648

Actinomyces israelii

Front 649

BRCA1

Back 649

tumor suppressor mutated in breast and ovary CA

Front 650

BRCA2

Back 650

associated with breast alone (isn't one of these associated with prostate? Check)

Front 651

Brenner tumor

Back 651

ovarian tumor resembling bladder transitional epith

Front 652

Briquet’s Syndrome

Back 652

somatization disorder

Front 653

Broca’s Aphasia

Back 653

Motor Aphasia intact comprehension

Front 654

Bronchiolitis

Back 654

RSV

Front 655

Bronze Diabetes

Back 655

Hemochromatosis

Front 656

Brown tumor” of bone

Back 656

Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts

Front 657

Brown-Sequard

Back 657

hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)

Front 658

Brudzinski sign

Back 658

meningitis

Front 659

Brushfield spots

Back 659

seen in Down synd, small white spots on periphery of iris

Front 660

Brutons Agammaglobulinemia

Back 660

x linked, absence of plasma cells and serum immunoglobulins, cell mediated immunity still ok, no germinal centers, recurrent bacterial infections, resistances to fungal and viral still, btk gene defect

Front 661

Btk gene

Back 661

defective in x-linked brutons agammaglobulinemia, B-cell tyrosine kinase

Front 662

Budd Chiari

Back 662

Posthepatic venous thrombosis; thrombotic occlusion of major hepatic veins, abnormal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, acites, liver failure, assoc with polycythemia vera, hepatocellular CA, and other common neoplasms, may occur as a complication of pregnancy

Front 663

Buerger’s Disease

Back 663

aka thromboangiitis obliterans, young jewish men, worse with smoking, acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene

Front 664

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Back 664

aggressive B-cell lymphoma, starry sky appearance, small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV, 8

Front 665

Burton’s lines

Back 665

Lead poisoning

Front 666

Café-au-lait spots on skin

Back 666

Neurofibromatosis

Front 667

Caisson disease

Back 667

Gas emboli

Front 668

Calf pseudohypertrophy

Back 668

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

Front 669

Call-Exner bodies

Back 669

Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary, small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretion, diagnostic feature of granulose cell tumor

Front 670

C-ANCA, P-ANCA

Back 670

Wegener’s granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa

Front 671

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 671

hyperemia, edema and necrosis of globus

Front 672

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 672

Chagas’ disease

Front 673

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Back 673

Median nerve entrapment

Front 674

Central Nuclei in Muscle

Back 674

Muscular dystrophies

Front 675

Cerebriform nuclei

Back 675

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

Front 676

Chagas’ Disease

Back 676

Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, megaesophagus, megacolon

Front 677

Chancre

Back 677

ulcer, 1° syphilis (not painful)

Front 678

Chancroid

Back 678

Haemophilus ducreyi, painful soft ulcers

Front 679

Charcot Bouchard aneurysm

Back 679

aneurysm at small artery bifurcations

Front 680

Charcot’s triad

Back 680

Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)

Front 681

Charcot-Leyden crystals

Back 681

Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)

Front 682

Chediak-Higashi Disease

Back 682

Phagocyte Deficiency

Front 683

Cherry-red spot on macula

Back 683

Tay-Sachs, 50% of Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion

Front 684

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Back 684

Central apnea in CHF and ↑ intracranial pressure

Front 685

Chocolate cysts”

Back 685

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Front 686

Cholesterol clefts

Back 686

atherosclerosis

Front 687

Chordae tendinae short and fused

Back 687

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 688

Chromosome 10

Back 688

paracentric inversion or translocation with 17 associated with papillary thyroid CA

Front 689

Chronic atrophic gastritis

Back 689

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma

Front 690

Chronic staph infections

Back 690

Chronic granulomatous disease, a deficiency of NADPH oxidase, can’t kill catalase positive bugs

Front 691

Churg Strauss syndrome

Back 691

aka allergic granulomatous angiitis, necrotizing vasculitis, variant of polyarteritis nodosa, involves pulmonary vasculature, peripheral eosinophilia, and asthma

Front 692

Chvostek’s sign

Back 692

Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm/tetany upon tapping)

Front 693

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of

Back 693

DES exposure in utero

Front 694

Clear nuclei

Back 694

Thyroid papillary carcinoma (Orphan Annie’s eyes)

Front 695

Clue cell

Back 695

Bacterial Vaginitis w/ Gardnerella vaginosis, vaginal epithelial cell with stippled appearance due to adherent coccobacilli

Front 696

Codman’s triangle on x-ray

Back 696

Osteosarcoma, periostium in bone tumors

Front 697

Coin Lesions in Lung

Back 697

Pulmonary Hamartoma

Front 698

Cold agglutinins

Back 698

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis

Front 699

Cold intolerance

Back 699

Hypothyroidism

Front 700

Cold thyroid nodules

Back 700

Colloid cyst or thyroid adenoma

Front 701

Concentric laminar intimal fibrosis of small arteries of lung

Back 701

1° pulmonary HTN

Front 702

Condylomata lata

Back 702

2° syphilis

Front 703

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Back 703

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 704

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

Back 704

Polycystic Kidney Disease, juvenile autosomal recessive form

Front 705

Conn’s Syndrome

Back 705

1° aldosteronism

Front 706

Continuous machinery murmur

Back 706

Patent ductus arteriosus

Front 707

Contraction Band Necrosis

Back 707

MI

Front 708

Cori’s Disease

Back 708

glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency), stunted growth, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia

Front 709

Cotton-wool spots

Back 709

Chronic HTN

Front 710

Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza

Back 710

Measles

Front 711

Councilman bodies

Back 711

Toxic or viral hepatitis (dying hepatocytes); small round eosinophilic masses found in dying hepatocytes often containing chromatin remnants

Front 712

Cowdry type A bodies

Back 712

Herpesvirus

Front 713

Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule

Back 713

rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)

Front 714

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Back 714

prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration

Front 715

Cri du chat syndrome

Back 715

5p chromosome deletion, severe mental retardation, microcephaly, catlike cry, low birth weight, round face, hypertelorism (wide eyes)

Front 716

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

Back 716

congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated); due to deficient glucuronyl transferase

Front 717

Crohn’s

Back 717

IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas, (contrast to UC

Front 718

Croup

Back 718

Parainfluenza

Front 719

Crushed ping pong balls

Back 719

Pneumocystis carinii

Front 720

Crypt abscesses

Back 720

Ulcerative colitis

Front 721

Curling’s ulcer

Back 721

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Front 722

Currant-jelly sputum

Back 722

Klebsiella

Front 723

Curschmann’s spirals

Back 723

Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)

Front 724

Cushing’s

Back 724

Disease

Front 725

Cushing’s ulcer

Back 725

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Front 726

Cystathioine synthase deficieny

Back 726

homocystinuria

Front 727

D-dimers

Back 727

DIC

Front 728

de Quervain’s Thyroiditis

Back 728

self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

Front 729

Denys Drash syndrome

Back 729

abnormal WT 1 gene, intersexual disorders, nephropathy, wilms tumor

Front 730

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Back 730

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder––rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Front 731

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

Back 731

Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)

Front 732

Dew drop on rose petal

Back 732

Chicken pox

Front 733

Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + ?

Back 733

Hand-Schüller-Christian disease

Front 734

Diaphragmatic pleural plaques

Back 734

Asbestosis

Front 735

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

Back 735

thymic hypoplasia, T-cell deficiency; aka velocardiofacial syndrome and CATCH 22 syndrome, micro deletion of 22q11, Cardiac abnormalities, Abnormal facies, Cleft palate, Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism, from poor development of 3rd and 4th cranial arches

Front 736

Dog or cat bite

Back 736

Pasteurella multocida

Front 737

Donovan bodies

Back 737

seen in granuloma inguinale (STD), multiple organisms filling large histiocytes

Front 738

dopamine receptors

Back 738

Parkinson’s & schizophrenia

Front 739

Double bubble sign on ultrasound

Back 739

Down’s syndrome – duodenal atresia

Front 740

Down’s Syndrome

Back 740

trisomy 21 or translocation

Front 741

Dressler’s Syndrome

Back 741

Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune

Front 742

Dry beriberi

Back 742

peripheral neuropathy, atrophy of muscles, wet - high output cardiac failure, DCM, AV shunting, hypervolemia

Front 743

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Back 743

congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated), striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver; autosomal recessive, defect in bili transport

Front 744

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Back 744

deficiency of dystrophin protein * MD X-linked recessive

Front 745

Duret Hemorrhages

Back 745

Uncal herniation

Front 746

E4 allele of apoprotein E

Back 746

chromosome 19, allele common in alzheimers

Front 747

Eburnation

Back 747

Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)

Front 748

Eccentric intimal fibrosis with medial hypertrophy

Back 748

Chronic transplant rejection

Front 749

Ectopia Lentis

Back 749

Marfan’s

Front 750

Edwards’ Syndrome

Back 750

trisomy 18, rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease, mental retardation, prominent occiput, micrognathia (small jaw), finger deformities

Front 751

Ehler’s-Danlos

Back 751

defective collagen

Front 752

Eisenmenger’s Complex

Back 752

late cyanotic shunt (R→L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA

Front 753

Elastic skin

Back 753

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Front 754

Embolizing endocarditis

Back 754

Infectious, marantic (fibrin deposits in hypercoagulable states)

Front 755

Erb-Duchenne palsy

Back 755

Superior trunk brachial plexus injury (“waiter’s tip”)

Front 756

Erythema chronicum migrans

Back 756

Lyme disease

Front 757

Ewing Sarcoma

Back 757

undifferentiated round cell tumor of long bone; kids, "onion skin" type periosteal reaction, 11:22 transloc

Front 758

Excavation of Optic Cup

Back 758

Glaucoma

Front 759

Exopthalmos

Back 759

hyperthyroid

Front 760

Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat

Back 760

carcinoma in situ on glans penis

Front 761

Fabry dx

Back 761

aka angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universal, deficient a::galactosidase A, accumulate ceramide trihexoside, skin lesions angiokeratomas, fever, burning pain in extremities, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular involvement, death as adult by renal failure p59

Front 762

False positive VDRL

Back 762

SLE, Treponema pertenue (non-STD tropical infection)

Front 763

Fanconi’s Syndrome

Back 763

impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2* to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)

Front 764

FAT RN

Back 764

TTP (fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, neuro problems)

Front 765

Fat, female, forty, and fertile”

Back 765

Acute cholecystitis

Front 766

Fatty liver

Back 766

Alcoholism

Front 767

Fecalith

Back 767

Acute appendicitis

Front 768

Felty’s Syndrome

Back 768

rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly

Front 769

Ferruginous body

Back 769

asbestosis, yellow-brown, rod shaped body with clubbed ends, stain with Prussian blue

Front 770

FEV1/FVC ↓

Back 770

COPD (< 70%)

Front 771

FGFR3

Back 771

gene mutated in achondroplasia (most common form of dwarfism),

Front 772

Fish-mouthed mitral valve

Back 772

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 773

Flea-bitten Kidney

Back 773

Malignant HTN

Front 774

Foamy histiocyte

Back 774

sphingomyelin containing phagocytes seen in Niemman::Pick dx in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and skin

Front 775

Frontal bossing

Back 775

Sickle cell anemia

Front 776

Fungus ball in lung

Back 776

Apergillus

Front 777

galactosemia

Back 777

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency or galactokinase deficiency

Front 778

Gardner’s Syndrome

Back 778

adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors; autosomal dominant

Front 779

Garlic odor on breath

Back 779

Arsenic (or lasagna)

Front 780

Gaucher’s Disease

Back 780

Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia

Front 781

Gerstmann Straussler

Back 781

Scheinker syndrome :

Front 782

Ghon focus/complex

Back 782

1° TB

Front 783

Gilbert’s Syndrome

Back 783

benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated); modest elevated serum unconj bilirubin, due to decreased uptake by liver cells and reduced activity of glucuronyl transferase

Front 784

GIST

Back 784

Tumor arising in cells of Cajal (pacemakers of gut)

Front 785

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

Back 785

Defect (glycoprotein) in platelet aggregation

Front 786

glucose, protein in CSF

Back 786

Bacterial meningitis

Front 787

GNAS1

Back 787

mutation here causes pseudohypoparathyroidism

Front 788

Gold Pneumonia

Back 788

Lipid pneumonia, exogenous (aspiration) or endogenous (obstruction

Front 789

Goodpasture’s

Back 789

autoimmune

Front 790

Gowers’ maneuver

Back 790

Duchenne’s (use of patient’s arms to help legs pick self off the floor)

Front 791

Graves Dz

Back 791

autoimmune thyroiditis, hyperthyroid, exophthalmos, increased in HLA DR3 and HLA B8 pos people

Front 792

Gray discoloration of skin

Back 792

Argyria (silver poisoning)

Front 793

Guillain-Barre

Back 793

idiopathic polyneuritis; acute inflammatory demyelinating Dz primarily involving peripheral nerves (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)

Front 794

H shaped vertebrae

Back 794

Sickle cell anemia

Front 795

Hair-on-end” appearance on x-ray

Back 795

β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)

Front 796

Hamman-Rich Syndrome

Back 796

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Front 797

Hand Schuller Christian Dz

Back 797

aka chronic progressive histiocytosis, not as bad as Letterer Siwe

Front 798

Hartnup dx

Back 798

impaired tubular reabsorption of tryptophan, pellagra::like manifestations

Front 799

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Back 799

autoimmune hypothyroidism (antimicrosomal or antithyroglobulin); Hurthle cells, thyroid germinal centers,

Front 800

Hashitoxicosis

Back 800

initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism

Front 801

Hat size increase

Back 801

Paget’s disease of bone

Front 802

HbF

Back 802

Thalassemia major

Front 803

HbS

Back 803

Sickle cell anemia

Front 804

hCG elevated

Back 804

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

Front 805

Heart failure cells

Back 805

intra::alveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages caused by RBCs from capillary rupture 2* to pulmonary HTN

Front 806

Heberden’s nodes

Back 806

Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)

Front 807

Heinz bodies

Back 807

G6PD deficiency

Front 808

Hemarthrosis

Back 808

Coagulation factor deficiency

Front 809

Hemorrhagic Temporal Lobe Lesion

Back 809

HSV

Front 810

Hemorrhagic Urticaria

Back 810

Henoch-Schonlein

Front 811

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Back 811

Hypersensitivity vasculitis; hemorrhagic urticaria of extensor surfaces of arms, legs, and buttocks, with fever, arthralgias, and GI renal involvement similar to IgA nephropathy, associated with URIs

Front 812

HER

Back 812

2/neu :

Front 813

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Back 813

RBC cytoskeletin defect, most commonly spectrin

Front 814

Heterophil antibodies

Back 814

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 815

Hfe gene

Back 815

located on xsome 6, mutation here

Front 816

High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)

Back 816

Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)

Front 817

Hirano bodies

Back 817

intracytoplasmic proximal dentritic eosinophilic inclusions consisting of actin seen in Alzheimers

Front 818

Hirschsprung Dz

Back 818

aka congenital agnaglionic megacolon, dilation of colon due to absence of ganglion cells

Front 819

HLA B27

Back 819

Ankylosing spondylitis (90%), psoriasis, IBD, Reiter’s syndrome

Front 820

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

Back 820

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of β cells)

Front 821

Hodgkin dx

Back 821

malignant lymphoma with features resembling inflammatory disorder, young men, Reed Sternburg cells

Front 822

Homer Wright rosettes

Back 822

Neuroblastoma

Front 823

Honeycomb lung on x-ray

Back 823

Interstitial fibrosis

Front 824

Horner’s Syndrome

Back 824

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2* to a Pancoast tumor)

Front 825

Howell Jolley Bodies

Back 825

Splenectomy, remnant of nuclear DNA

Front 826

HTN + hypokalemia

Back 826

Conn’s syndrome

Front 827

Human placental lactogen increase

Back 827

Placental site trophoblastic tumor

Front 828

Hunter syndrome

Back 828

similar to Hurler, deficient L iduronosulfate sulfatase, accumulations of heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, hepatospenomegaly, micrognathia, retinal degeneration, joint stiffness, mental retardation, cardiac lesions

Front 829

Huntington’s

Back 829

progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex with neuronal depletion and gliosis; (autosomal dominant); fatal

Front 830

Hurler syndrome

Back 830

mucopolysaccharidosis, deficient alpha-L-iduronidase, accumulations of heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in heart, brain, liver, and other organs, progressive, hepatosplenomagaly, dwarfism, gargoyle-like facies, stubby fingers, corneal clouding, mental retardation, death by 10 years of age

Front 831

Hurthle cell

Back 831

epithelial cells with eosinophilc granular cytoplasm; seen in hashimoto

Front 832

Hutchinson freckle

Back 832

aka lentigo maligna, precursor to lentigo maligna melanoma

Front 833

Hyaline thrombi

Back 833

TTP

Front 834

Hydrosalpinx

Back 834

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 835

Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility

Back 835

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)

Front 836

Hyperpigmentation of skin

Back 836

1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

Front 837

Hypersegmented neutrophils (PMNs)

Back 837

Macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia

Front 838

Hypochromic microcytosis

Back 838

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning

Front 839

IgM against IgG

Back 839

Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid factor)

Front 840

Increased uric acid levels

Back 840

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics

Front 841

Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 841

Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

Front 842

Index finger overlapping 3rd and 4th

Back 842

Edward’s (Trisomy 18)

Front 843

Intussusception

Back 843

Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer’s patches)

Front 844

Jacksonian Seizures

Back 844

epileptic events originating in the 1° motor cortex (area 4)

Front 845

Janeway lesions

Back 845

Endocarditis

Front 846

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

Back 846

Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis

Front 847

Job’s Syndrome

Back 847

immune deficiency

Front 848

Joint Mice

Back 848

osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)

Front 849

Kaposi Sarcoma

Back 849

malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)

Front 850

Kartagener syndrome

Back 850

immotile cilia 2° to "defective dynein", sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, sometimes hearing loss and male sterility

Front 851

Kaussmaul Breathing

Back 851

acidosis

Front 852

Kawasaki Dz

Back 852

aka mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, acute self-limited, infants and young kids, acute necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium vessels, fever hemorrhagic edema of conjunctivae, lips and oral mucosa, and cervical LAD, can cause coronary artery vasculitis with aneurysm formation

Front 853

Kayser Fleischer ring

Back 853

ring of copper deposited around iris; seen in Wilson Dx

Front 854

Keratin pearls

Back 854

SCC

Front 855

Keratoconjunctivitis

Back 855

adenovirus

Front 856

Kernig’s sign

Back 856

meningitis

Front 857

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules

Back 857

mesangial matrix material acculmulations; seen in nodular glomerulosclerosis & diabetic nephropathy

Front 858

Klinefelter syndrome

Back 858

at least 2 X and one Y, hypogonadism, tall, gynecomastia, low testosterone, high pituitary gonadotropins, infertility,

Front 859

Kluver-Bucy

Back 859

bilateral lesions of amygdale (hypersexuality; oral behavior)

Front 860

Koilocyte

Back 860

dysplastic cell seen in HPV

Front 861

Koplik Spots

Back 861

measles

Front 862

Krabbe Disease

Back 862

Beta-galactosidase deficiency

Front 863

Krukenberg Tumor

Back 863

metastatic stomach CA to ovary; adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries

Front 864

Kussmaul hyperpnea

Back 864

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 865

Lacunar cells

Back 865

Variant of Reed-Sternberg cell seen in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s Disease

Front 866

Lacunar infarct

Back 866

Chronic HTN

Front 867

Laennec’s Cirrhosis

Back 867

alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 868

Lamellar bodies

Back 868

Contain surfactant in Type II pneumocytes

Front 869

Langhans giant cell

Back 869

Tuberculosis, other including coccidioides; nuclei arranged in horseshoe-shaped pattern about periphery of cell, characteristic of but not specific for granulomatous TB (as opposed to a foreign body giant cell that has scattered nuclei)

Front 870

Lemon sign

Back 870

Ultrasonographic finding in Neural Tube Defects

Front 871

Lemon yellow skin color

Back 871

Pernicious anemia

Front 872

Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility

Back 872

Marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin deficit)

Front 873

Lesch Nyhan syndrome

Back 873

deficient hypoxanthine::guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), low purine metabolism, high uric acid, thus gout, mental retardation, choreoathetosis, spasticity, self mutilation, aggressiveness

Front 874

Letterer Siwe dx

Back 874

aka acute disseminated langerhans cell histiocytosis, aggressive, usually fatal, kids hepatosplenomegaly, LAD, pancytopenia, pulmonary involvement, recurrent infections

Front 875

Leukocoria

Back 875

Retinoblastoma

Front 876

Leukocyte alk. Phos. Positive

Back 876

leukemoid rxn.

Front 877

Lewy Bodies

Back 877

Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)

Front 878

Li Fraumeni syndrome

Back 878

lots of tumors, breast CA, soft tissue sarc, brain tumors, leukemias, has loss of p53 tumor suppressor gene

Front 879

Libman-Sacks

Back 879

endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets, associated with SLE

Front 880

Lines of Zahn

Back 880

arterial thrombus

Front 881

Lisch nodules

Back 881

pigmented iris hamartoma; Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s disease)

Front 882

Loss of grey-white junction

Back 882

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 883

Lou Gehrig’s

Back 883

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons

Front 884

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 884

Wilson’s disease

Front 885

Low set ears

Back 885

Downs, DiGeorge, Trisomy 18 (Edwards)

Front 886

Lucid interval

Back 886

Epidural hematoma

Front 887

Lumpy-bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Back 887

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 888

Lynch syndrome

Back 888

hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, DNA repair genes messed up

Front 889

Lytic bone lesions on x-ray

Back 889

Multiple myeloma

Front 890

Machine-like murmur

Back 890

Patent ductus arteriosus

Front 891

Macronodular cirrhosis

Back 891

Wilson’s, viral hepatitis, alpha-1-antitrypsin

Front 892

Malignant pustule

Back 892

Anthrax (black skin lesion)

Front 893

Mallory Bodies

Back 893

Alcoholic liver disease

Front 894

Mallory-Weis Syndrome

Back 894

bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2* to wretching (alcoholics)

Front 895

Maple syrup/burnt sugar urine

Back 895

Alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency; valine, leucine and isoleucine build up (branched)

Front 896

Marfan syndrome

Back 896

deficient fibrillin (constituent of microfibrils), arachnodactyly, ectopia lentis, aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapsed, cystic medial necrosis, subluxed lens

Front 897

McArdle’s Disease

Back 897

glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency), skeletal muscle cramps with exertion

Front 898

McBurney’s Sign

Back 898

appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)

Front 899

McCune Albright syndrome

Back 899

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls

Front 900

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Back 900

rule of 2’s

Front 901

Meconium ileus

Back 901

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 902

Mediterranean anemia or Cooley Anemia

Back 902

B Thalassemia major

Front 903

Mees lines

Back 903

Arsenic (parallel lines on fingernails)

Front 904

Meig’s Syndrome

Back 904

Triad

Front 905

Melanosis coli

Back 905

Laxative abuse

Front 906

Menetrier’s Disease

Back 906

giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)

Front 907

Meningioma

Back 907

Arachnoid cap cells, whorls of cells

Front 908

Mental probs. with heart defect

Back 908

Mitral prolapse

Front 909

Mesothelioma

Back 909

Asbestos exposure

Front 910

Michealis-Gutmann Bodies

Back 910

Malakoplakia, an abnormal tissue response to kidney infection

Front 911

Microglial nodules

Back 911

HIV

Front 912

Micrognathia

Back 912

DiGeorge

Front 913

Micronodular cirrhosis

Back 913

Wilsons, alcoholic, hemochromatosis, 1° biliary cirrhosis

Front 914

Microsatellite instability

Back 914

HNPCC (right-sided colon cancer), but also possible in other cancers

Front 915

Mid-systolic click

Back 915

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 916

MLF syndrome (INO)

Back 916

Multiple sclerosis

Front 917

Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis

Back 917

calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.), pipestem arteries

Front 918

Monoclonal antibody spike

Back 918

Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenström’s (M protein

Front 919

Mousy / musty odor

Back 919

PKU

Front 920

Mucosal bleeding

Back 920

Platelet problem (qualitative or quantitative)

Front 921

Munchausen Syndrome

Back 921

factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn’t know why)

Front 922

Munro abscesses

Back 922

minute neutrophilic abscesses found within parakeratotic stratum corneum in psoriasis

Front 923

Myxedema

Back 923

hypothyroidism

Front 924

N

Back 924

myc :

Front 925

Names of Vitamins

Back 925

B1 thiamine, B2 riboflavin, B3 niacin, B6 pyridoxine, B12 cobalamin, C ascorbic acid, D calciferol, E a-tocopherol

Front 926

Necrolytic migratory erythema dermatitis

Back 926

?-cell islet tumor

Front 927

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Back 927

Wegener’s and Goodpasture’s (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)

Front 928

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

Back 928

Gout

Front 929

Negri bodies

Back 929

eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in hippocampus and purkinje cells seen in rabies infection (w/ hydrophobia)

Front 930

Nelson’s Syndrome

Back 930

1* Adrenal Cushings * surgical removal of adrenals * loss of negative feedback to pituitary * Pituitary Adenoma

Front 931

Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss

Back 931

Alport’s syndrome

Front 932

Neuritic Plaques

Back 932

Alzheimer’s

Front 933

Neurofibrillary tangles

Back 933

Alzheimer’s disease

Front 934

NF1

Back 934

tumor suppressor mutated in Von Recklinhousen

Front 935

Niemann-Pick

Back 935

Lysosomal Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency,“foamy histiocytes” in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia fever, occasional neuro degeneration, half have cherry red spot macula

Front 936

Night pain relieved by aspirin

Back 936

Osteoid osteoma

Front 937

No lactation postpartum

Back 937

Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarction)

Front 938

Non-embolizing endocarditis

Back 938

Rheumatic, Libman-Sacks (with SLE)

Front 939

Non-pitting Edema

Back 939

Myxedema, Anthrax Toxin

Front 940

Notching of Ribs

Back 940

Coarctation of Aorta

Front 941

Nutmeg Liver

Back 941

CHF, right heart

Front 942

Occupational exposure to asbestos

Back 942

Malignant mesothelioma

Front 943

Ochronosis (dark pigment of fibrous tissue)

Back 943

Alkaptonuria –homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency

Front 944

Oligoclonal band

Back 944

Multiple sclerosis

Front 945

Onion skin kidney arterioles

Back 945

Malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant HTN)

Front 946

Orphan Annie” nuclei

Back 946

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Front 947

Osler Weber Rendu syndrome

Back 947

aka hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia, telangectasias in skin and mucous membranes, epistaxis, GI bleeds

Front 948

Osler’s nodes

Back 948

Endocarditis

Front 949

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 949

Type I collagen defect

Front 950

Osteoid production

Back 950

osteosarcoma

Front 951

Owl’s eye

Back 951

CMV

Front 952

p53

Back 952

gene product facilitates apoptosis, decreases bcl::2 and increases Bax

Front 953

p53

Back 953

tumor suppressor gene, pretty much the coolest one

Front 954

Paget dx of bone

Back 954

aka osteitis deformans, increased osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity; abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures * pain) , woven and lamellar bone mosaic

Front 955

Paget dx of breast

Back 955

eczematoid lesion of nipple areola, large cells with clear "halo like" area, invade epidermis, underlying ductal CA

Front 956

Paget dx of vulva

Back 956

similar to paget breast, sometimes related to underlying adenoCA of sweat glands

Front 957

Painless Jaundice

Back 957

pancreatic CA (head)

Front 958

Palatal Petechaie

Back 958

Strep pharyngitis

Front 959

Palpable purpura

Back 959

Hypersensitivity vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein, serum sickness)

Front 960

Pancarditis

Back 960

Rheumatic fever

Front 961

Pancoast’s tumor

Back 961

Bronchogenic apical tumor (superior sulcus) associated with Horner’s syndrome

Front 962

Pannus

Back 962

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 963

Parkinson’s

Back 963

nigrostriatal dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts; Cogwheel rigidity

Front 964

PAS positive macrophages

Back 964

Whipple’s disease

Front 965

Patau syndrome

Back 965

aka trisomy 13, mental retardation, microcephaly, micropthalmia, brain abnormalities, cleft lip/palate, polydactyly, rockerbottom feet, congenital heart dx

Front 966

Patent ductus arteriosus

Back 966

Maternal rubella and prematurity

Front 967

Pautrier’s Microabscesses

Back 967

mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

Front 968

Periductal edema

Back 968

Gynecomastia

Front 969

Periosteal elevation on x-ray

Back 969

Pyogenic osteomyelitis

Front 970

Periventricular Calcifications

Back 970

Congenital CMV (brain ventricles, that is)

Front 971

Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome

Back 971

benign polyposis; melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestine; higher incidence of adeno CA of colon and other malignancies, stomach, breast, ovaries

Front 972

Peyronie’s Disease

Back 972

subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis

Front 973

Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency

Back 973

PKU

Front 974

Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl )

Back 974

CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)

Front 975

Pick Bodies

Back 975

Pick’s Disease

Front 976

Pick’s Disease

Back 976

progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer’s, knife-edged gyri

Front 977

Piecemeal Necrosis

Back 977

Chronic active hepatitis (periportal hepatocytes)

Front 978

PIG A

Back 978

mutation

Front 979

Pink puffer”

Back 979

Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])

Front 980

Pink, foamy lung exudate

Back 980

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Front 981

Plexiform lesions

Back 981

Pulmonary HTN (aneurismal expansion of vessel wall)

Front 982

Plummer’s Syndrome

Back 982

hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer’s

Front 983

Plummer-Vinson

Back 983

esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, ? SCCA of esophagus

Front 984

Podagra

Back 984

gout (MP joint of hallux)

Front 985

Podocyte fusion

Back 985

Minimal change disease

Front 986

Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection

Back 986

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Front 987

Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema

Back 987

Dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)

Front 988

Pompe’s Disease

Back 988

glycogen storage disease (acid maltase deficiency) * cardiomegaly; deficient a1,4 glucosidase, accumulation of glycogen in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, cardiomegaly, muscle hypotonia, spelnomegaly, intractable hypoglycemia, death from cardiorespiratory failure before age 3

Front 989

Porcelain gallbladder

Back 989

Chronic cholecystitis (scarring)

Front 990

Porcelain gallstones

Back 990

Associated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma

Front 991

Port-wine stain

Back 991

Hemangioma

Front 992

Posterior/Anterior Drawer Sign

Back 992

tearing of the PCL/ACL

Front 993

Pott’s Disease

Back 993

tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae

Front 994

Potter sequence

Back 994

oligohydramnios causes fetus to be smashed

Front 995

Potter’s Complex

Back 995

renal agenesis * oligohydramnios * hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities

Front 996

Prader willi syndrome

Back 996

paternal transmission del (15)(q11q13), hypogonad, hypotonia, mental retardation, behavior probs, uncrontrolled appetite

Front 997

Proliferating bile ducts

Back 997

Obstructive jaundice

Front 998

Psammoma Bodies

Back 998

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid, Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, Meningioma, Mesothelioma

Front 999

Pseudohypertrophy

Back 999

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front 1000

Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement

Back 1000

Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 1001

Pseudopolyps

Back 1001

Ulcerative colitis

Front 1002

Pseudorosettes

Back 1002

Ewing’s sarcoma

Front 1003

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Back 1003

Horner’s syndrome (Pancoast’s tumor)

Front 1004

Pulmonary atherosclerosis

Back 1004

Cor pulmonale

Front 1005

Punched-Out Bone Lesions

Back 1005

multiple myeloma

Front 1006

Punched-out esophageal lesions

Back 1006

herpes

Front 1007

Ras oncogenes

Back 1007

oncogenes that code for p21 proteins which are membrane signalers

Front 1008

Rash on palms and soles

Back 1008

2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Front 1009

Raynaud disease

Back 1009

different in that it is the primary disorder, recurrent vasospasm of small arteries and venules, pallor, cyanosis, fingers and toes, young healthy women

Front 1010

Raynaud phenomenon

Back 1010

vasosmasm of small vessels, most often in fingers, seen with autoimmune dx like SLE, scleroderma and others (R in CREST), recurrent vasospasm, always secondary to underlying disorder

Front 1011

Rb gene

Back 1011

retinoblastoma on chromosome

Front 1012

RBC casts in urine

Back 1012

Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 1013

RBC poikilocytosis

Back 1013

Beta-thalassemia

Front 1014

Rectangular RBC’s

Back 1014

Hemoglobin SC

Front 1015

Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections

Back 1015

Cystic fibrosis

Front 1016

Red hyalin globules

Back 1016

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (in liver)

Front 1017

Red urine in the morning

Back 1017

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 1018

Reed-Sternberg cells

Back 1018

Hodgkin’s lymphoma; binucleated or multinucleated giant

Front 1019

Reid index (increased)

Back 1019

Chronic bronchitis

Front 1020

Reidel thyroiditis

Back 1020

thyroid replacement by fibrous tissue, unkown origin, mimics CA

Front 1021

Reinke crystal

Back 1021

intracytoplasmic inclusions seen in leydig cell tumors

Front 1022

Reiter’s Syndrome

Back 1022

aka Reactive arthritis; urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular

Front 1023

Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas

Back 1023

von Hippel–Lindau disease

Front 1024

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Back 1024

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Front 1025

ret

Back 1025

protooncogene mutated in medulary thyroid CA (MENII)

Front 1026

ret PTC

Back 1026

associated with papillary thyroid CA

Front 1027

Reye syndrome

Back 1027

aspirin toxicity seen in kids after acute febrile viral Dz, microvesicular fatty change in liver and encephalopathy

Front 1028

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

Back 1028

Pseudogout

Front 1029

Rib notching

Back 1029

Coarctation of aorta

Front 1030

Riedel’s Thyroiditis

Back 1030

idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid

Front 1031

Rim pattern

Back 1031

SLE, staining pattern with anti-double stranded DNA antibodies

Front 1032

Rockerbottom feet

Back 1032

Patau (Trisomy 13), Edward’s (Trisomy 18)

Front 1033

Rose thorns

Back 1033

Sporotrichosis

Front 1034

Roth’s spots in retina

Back 1034

Endocarditis

Front 1035

Rotor Syndrome

Back 1035

congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated), similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver

Front 1036

Rouleaux formation

Back 1036

also seen in urine of MM, stacks of RBCs, will have high ESR

Front 1037

Rugae loss

Back 1037

Pernicious anemia (atrophic gastritis)

Front 1038

Russell bodies

Back 1038

Multiple myeloma

Front 1039

S3

Back 1039

L→R Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD); Mitral Regurg; LV Failure (Rapid ventricular filling & Poor Left Ventricular Function)

Front 1040

S4

Back 1040

ventricular hypertrophy, causes of ventricular hypertrophy, restrictive ventricular Dz

Front 1041

Scalloped colloid

Back 1041

Grave’s disease

Front 1042

Schiller-Duval bodies

Back 1042

Yolk sac tumor

Front 1043

Schwartzman Reaction

Back 1043

Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs

Front 1044

Senile plaques

Back 1044

Alzheimer’s disease

Front 1045

Sezary Syndrome

Back 1045

leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Front 1046

Shagreen patches

Back 1046

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 1047

Shaver’s Disease

Back 1047

aluminum inhalation ? lung fibrosis

Front 1048

Sheehan’s Syndrome

Back 1048

postpartum pituitary necrosis, low TSH /ACTH

Front 1049

Shwartzman reaction

Back 1049

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 1050

Shy Drager syndrome

Back 1050

parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension

Front 1051

Signet ring cell

Back 1051

mucinous cell, characteristic of Gastric carcinoma met to ovary (krukenberg tumor)

Front 1052

Simian crease

Back 1052

Down syndrome

Front 1053

Simmonds Dz

Back 1053

aka pituitary cachexia, generalized panhypopituitarism

Front 1054

Sipple’s Syndrome

Back 1054

MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)

Front 1055

Sjogren’s Syndrome

Back 1055

triad

Front 1056

Skip lesions

Back 1056

Crohn’s

Front 1057

Slapped cheeks

Back 1057

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Front 1058

Smith Antigen

Back 1058

SLE (also anti-dsDNA)

Front 1059

Smudge cells

Back 1059

CLL (delicate leukemic B-cells easily destroyed on peripheral smear)

Front 1060

Soap Bubble on X-Ray

Back 1060

giant cell tumor of bone

Front 1061

Soldiers plaque

Back 1061

Clinically insignificant remnant of healed pericarditis

Front 1062

Spider telangiectasia

Back 1062

Hyperestrinism

Front 1063

Spike & Dome Glomeruli on EM

Back 1063

membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 1064

Spitz Nevus

Back 1064

juvenile melanoma (always benign)

Front 1065

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

Back 1065

infective Endocarditis

Front 1066

Starry sky appearance

Back 1066

on lymph node biopsy, seen with Burkitt lymphoma

Front 1067

Stein Leventhal syndrome

Back 1067

aka polycystic ovary syndrome, young women, amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism

Front 1068

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Back 1068

erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2? to infection or sulfa drugs)

Front 1069

Still’s Disease

Back 1069

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)

Front 1070

Strawberry cervix

Back 1070

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 1071

Strawberry gallbladder

Back 1071

Cholesterolosis

Front 1072

Strawberry tongue

Back 1072

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki’s

Front 1073

Streaky ovaries

Back 1073

Turner’s syndrome

Front 1074

String Sign on X-ray

Back 1074

Crohn’s bowel wall thickening

Front 1075

Struma Ovarii

Back 1075

Thyroid teratoma of ovary

Front 1076

Sturge Weber syndrome

Back 1076

port wine stain on face, ipsilateral glaucoma, vascular lesions of ocular choroidal tissue, extensive hemangiomatous involvement of meninges

Front 1077

Subepithelial humps on EM

Back 1077

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 1078

Suboccipital lymphadenopathy

Back 1078

Rubella

Front 1079

Sugar icing on spleen

Back 1079

Portal HTN

Front 1080

Sulfer granules

Back 1080

Collection of Actinomyces israelii or nocardia organisms in chronic abscessing bronchopneumonia

Front 1081

Swiss cheese brain

Back 1081

Clostridia (gas forming)

Front 1082

Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia

Back 1082

Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)—vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

Front 1083

Syncitia

Back 1083

RSV, measles

Front 1084

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

Back 1084

Aortic valve stenosis

Front 1085

t(14;18)

Back 1085

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 1086

t(8;14)

Back 1086

Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Front 1087

t(9;22)

Back 1087

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)

Front 1088

Tabes dorsalis

Back 1088

3° syphilis

Front 1089

Takayasu’s arteritis

Back 1089

aka pulseless Dz, inflammation and stenosis of medium and large sized arteries, aortic arch syndrome, loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses

Front 1090

Tamm-Horsfall protein

Back 1090

Hyaline casts (non-specific)

Front 1091

Target Cells

Back 1091

Thalassemia

Front 1092

Tay Sachs Dz

Back 1092

deficient hexosaminidase A, GM2 ganglioside accumulation, especially in neurons, CNS degeneration, mental/motor deterioration, blindness, cherry red spot on macula, death by 4 years of age

Front 1093

Teardrop RBCs

Back 1093

myelofibrosis

Front 1094

Temporal lobe encephalitis

Back 1094

Herpes

Front 1095

Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)

Back 1095

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 1096

Tethered cord

Back 1096

Arnold-Chiari malformation (tonsilar herniation)

Front 1097

Tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor def.

Back 1097

PKU

Front 1098

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 1098

ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta, Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright ventricular hypertrophy

Front 1099

TGI > TSI

Back 1099

Hashimoto’s

Front 1100

Thumb sign on lateral x-ray

Back 1100

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Front 1101

Thymidine dimers

Back 1101

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Front 1102

Thymus, parathyroid agenesis

Back 1102

Digeorge (3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch)

Front 1103

Thyroidization of kidney

Back 1103

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 1104

TIBC increase

Back 1104

Anemia of chronic disease

Front 1105

Tingible Bodies

Back 1105

Macrophage in lymph node germinal centers

Front 1106

Tophi

Back 1106

gout

Front 1107

Tourette’s Syndrome

Back 1107

involuntary actions, both motor and vocal

Front 1108

Tram-track” glomeruli on LM

Back 1108

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 1109

Tree bark aorta

Back 1109

Syphilis

Front 1110

Trousseau’s Sign

Back 1110

(2 different signs) visceral CA, classically pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm w/ BP cuff)

Front 1111

TSI > TGI

Back 1111

Grave’s

Front 1112

Turcot’s Syndrome

Back 1112

adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors

Front 1113

Turner syndrome

Back 1113

45 XO, female hypogonadism, hypothyroid, short, webbed neck, 1* amenorrhea

Front 1114

Typhoid Fever

Back 1114

Bradycardia and in white people rose spots on abdomen

Front 1115

Tyrosinase deficiency

Back 1115

Albinism

Front 1116

Uric Acid

Back 1116

Gout, Lesch Nyhan, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)

Front 1117

Vincent’s Infection

Back 1117

“trench mouth” - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Front 1118

Virchow’s Node

Back 1118

supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

Front 1119

Virchow’s triad

Back 1119

Pulmonary embolism (triad

Front 1120

VMA and metenephrins in urine

Back 1120

Pheochromocytoma

Front 1121

Von economo encephalitis

Back 1121

infectious disorder, caused postencephalitic parkinsonism

Front 1122

von Gierke’s Disease

Back 1122

glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency); accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia

Front 1123

von Hippel-Lindau

Back 1123

hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma), adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma

Front 1124

von Recklinghausen’s

Back 1124

neurofibromatosis (NF-1) & café au lait spots & Lisch nodule (iris hamartomas) (often has: scoliosis, learning difficulties, eye problems and epilepsy)

Front 1125

von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone

Back 1125

osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2* to hyperparathyroidism

Front 1126

von Willebrand’s Disease

Back 1126

defect in platelet adhesion 2* to deficiency in vWF; increased bleeding time and PTT

Front 1127

Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

Back 1127

proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells

Front 1128

Wallenberg’s Syndrome

Back 1128

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”, Ipsilateral

Front 1129

Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells

Back 1129

Measles

Front 1130

Waterhammer pulse

Back 1130

Aortic regurgitation

Front 1131

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Back 1131

catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2* to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC), often 2* to meningiococcemia

Front 1132

Waxy casts

Back 1132

Chronic end-stage renal disease

Front 1133

WBC casts in urine

Back 1133

Acute pyelonephritis

Front 1134

WBCs in urine

Back 1134

Acute cystitis

Front 1135

Weber’s Syndrome

Back 1135

Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain, Ipsilateral

Front 1136

Wegener granulomatosis

Back 1136

unknown etiology, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels of the respiratory tract, kidneys, and other organs, circulating C-ANCAs

Front 1137

Weil’s Disease

Back 1137

leptospirosis

Front 1138

Werdnig Hoffman syndrome

Back 1138

aka infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy, autosomal recessive, LMN disease, infants

Front 1139

Wermer’s Syndrome

Back 1139

MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)

Front 1140

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

Back 1140

thiamine deficiency, cerebral dysfunction, aka alcoholic encephalopathy, hemorrhagic lesions in the mamillary bodies, confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and memory loss plus confabulation

Front 1141

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Back 1141

Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension

Front 1142

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Back 1142

thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)

Front 1143

Whipple triad

Back 1143

seen in insulinoma, episodic hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, CNS dysfunction, reversal of CNS probs with administration of glucose

Front 1144

Whipple’s Disease

Back 1144

malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis; caused by Tropheryma whippelii; small intestine commonly affected, arthralgias, cardiac, and neuro symptoms

Front 1145

White matter petechiae

Back 1145

Fat emboli

Front 1146

Wilms tumor

Back 1146

clear cell renal tumor seen in kids

Front 1147

Wilson’s Disease

Back 1147

hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation due to transport problem & decrease in ceruloplasmin); autosomal recessive, hepatitis, kayser fleischer rings in eyes

Front 1148

Winged scapula

Back 1148

Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) damage, common with radical mastectomy

Front 1149

Wire Loop Glomeruli

Back 1149

lupus nephropathy, type IV

Front 1150

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

Back 1150

x linked, aka immunodeficiency (combined B- &T-cell deficiency) with thrombocytopenia and eczema; total immunoglobulins often normal, recurrent infections

Front 1151

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect

Back 1151

high iodine level (*)’s thyroid hormone synthesis

Front 1152

Worst headache of my life”

Back 1152

subarachnoid hemorrhage/ Berry aneurysm—associated with adult polycystic kidney disease

Front 1153

Wrinkled glomerular basement membrane

Back 1153

ischemia

Front 1154

WT1 and WT2

Back 1154

tumor suppressor mutated in wilms tumor

Front 1155

Xanthochromia (CSF)

Back 1155

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 1156

Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Back 1156

Sjögren’s syndrome

Front 1157

Zenker’s Diverticulum

Back 1157

Upper GI diverticulum; esophageal; just above upper esoph sphincter; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES

Front 1158

Zollinger-Ellison

Back 1158

gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) * * acid * intractable ulcers