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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define communication
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Communication is the method by which people share their ideas, information, opinions and feelings. People sharing ideas, information, opinions and feelings may contribute to the operations of teams and the work of individuals
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whats the importance of effective communication
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Effective communication helps us better understand a person or situation and enables us to resolve problems and differences, build trust and respect, problem solve, and build creative environments. If we didn’t communicate effectively this can cause conflict and frustration and interfere with our personal and professional relationships.
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what are different forms of communication
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- Verbal communication
- Non verbal communication - Written communication - Visual communication - Body language |
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Explain the functions and forms of organisational communication:
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structure through which messages pass, the way information is presented and the content of the messages.
Some forms of organizational communication include: -Face to face -Emails -Meetings -Telephone |
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Common barriers to effective communication:
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- Lack of attention and interest
- Language differences - Cultural differences - Emotional Barriers - The use of jargon |
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What are the different stages in the communication model?
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1. The sender encodes the idea into a message
2. The medium over where the message is physically transmitted is the channel 3. Message can be delivered by speech, writing, gestures 4. The message is intended to go to the receiver who must encode it 5. The verbal or non verbal response from the receiver is feedback |
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How to make sure communication is effective:
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- Avoid using slang
- Be direct - Avoid eye contact - Be Sincere - Maintain alert body posture |
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describe the characteristics of formal communication
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Formal: Suited to work places and professional settings. Avoid slang and speak correctly.
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describe the characteristics of informal communication
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No permanent structure. May transmit things such as personal gossip. Usually used with family and friends. Usually contains slang words.
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What is non-verbal communication?
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Non-verbal communication is the act of giving or exchanging information without using any spoken words.
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Functions of non-verbal communication:
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- Create impressions with things such as appearance
- Facial expressions - Used when expressing emotions - Allows people to send relational messages - Deception is conveyed and detected |
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Forms of non-verbal communication:
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Facial and eye expressions, gestures and postures, paralanguage, personal appearance and tactile behavior and the use of time and space
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How to improve your non-verbal skills:
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- Pay attention to non verbal signals
- Look for incongruent behaviors - Use good eye contact - Use signals consider context - Practice |
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What is the Johari window?
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The Johari window is a technique to help people better understand their relationship with self and others.
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box one of the johari window is?
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Public area- known to me and others
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box two of the johari window is?
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blind spot- known to others not me
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box three of the johari window is?
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unknown self- not known to me or to others
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box four of the johari window is?
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hidden self- known to me but not others
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Factors that shape an individuals personality:
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- Hereditary
- Environment - Situation |
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Why is self-esteem important?
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- Affects an individuals success in all areas of life
- Makes the most of one’s personality and abilities - Enhances establishment of good interpersonal relationships |
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How can we improve self-esteem?
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- Self awareness
- Self acceptance - Self responsibility - Taking action - Monitoring progress |
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Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’:
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- Proposes that we are driven first to gratify low level needs. Once they are satisfied we are motivated to satisfy needs more highly placed.
- The theory behind it is humans are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed. |
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High level hierarchy of needs
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- Self esteem
- Self actualization |
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Low level hierarchy of needs
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- Food water shelter
- Security - Social |
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Why do interviews fail?
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- Lack of preparation
- Unsure of the job description - Lack of understanding of the company’s culture - Lack of training |
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Four elements of an application letter:
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1. Linking your skills, experience interests and aspirations to the employers needs
2. Highlighting your skills and qualifications to the specific position 3. Summarizing your personality and work ethic 4. Stressing your availability for an interview |
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What is the purpose of having a meeting?
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- To inform
- To persuade - To instruct |
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Types of conflict:
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- Within the individuals
- Between individuals - Between individuals and groups - Between groups in same organization - Between organizations |
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Ways people deal with conflict:
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- Avoid it
- Accommodate it - Competing - Compromising - Collaborating |
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What are reasons for conflicts?
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- Personality differences
- Competing for resources - Unclear goals - Departmental rivalries - Lack of communication |
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What specific steps can management take to manage conflicts effectively?
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- Clear communication
- Setting clear objectives - Encourage feedback |
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Define Culture
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Culture is the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in thought, speech and action
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Components of Culture:
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- Value system
- Roles - Religious traditions - Individualism-collectivism - Language - Decision making patterns - Time orientation - Uncertainty avoidance - Power distance |
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Ruben (2000) argues that:
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1. Cultures are complex and multifaceted
2. Cultures are invisible 3. Cultures are subjective 4. Cultures change over time |
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Halls dimensions of culture:
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- Low context culture
- High context culture |
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Low context culture is
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words carry most of the information in the verbal part of a message
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High context culture is
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less is relied on verbal communication and more on the information and the background and basic values
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Individualism/Collectivism:
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- “People looking after themselves and their immediate family only, versus people belonging to in groups that look after them in exchange for loyalty”
- People from individualistic cultures tend ot believe that there are universal values that should be shared well - People from collective cultures on the other hand accept that different groups have different values - Individualistic cultures= “I” - Collective = “we” |
