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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many nations had joined the Allies by January 1942?
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26, including three great powers, the US, UK and USSR
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What did President Roosevelt call the Allies?
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the United Nations
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How did the US and UK unite against the Axis powers?
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They formed a Combined Chiefs of Staff, an unprecedented coalition, and developed an overall strategy early on.
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How did the Allies plan to fight the Axis?
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They decided that the first priority was Germany, and saved Japan for later.
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What advances did the Allies make in the war in the Pacific in 1942?
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They won the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Coral Sea, naval and air battles, and then American troops took Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands
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Where did the US and UK first attack in Germany?
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They bombarded Germany from the air.
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Where did the Soviet Union want the US and UK to fight?
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They wanted them to establish a second front against the Germans in the West, to relieve the pressure on the USSR.
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Why could the US not transport troops directly to Europe in 1942?
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The German submarines had enough control of the Atlantic.
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How did the US population mobilize for the war?
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Industries had to be converted to war manufacturers, and women began working in factories to take the place of the soldiers.
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How many troops did the US use in the end?
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12 million
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How did the US and UK combat Germany directly in 1943?
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They bombed German cities like Hamburg mercilessly.
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Who led the invasion of Morocco and Algeria?
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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How did the Allies try in 1942 to get the French in North Africa to ally with them?
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They convinced Vichy Frenchman Admiral Darlan to cooperate with them, but he was soon assassinated. After that General Charles de Gaulle led the Free France movement.
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When did Germany take over the rest of France?
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after the North Africa landings by the Allies
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Who led the British troops at El Alamein and the counterattack?
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General Montgomery of the UK
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How did the North African campaign end?
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The Afrika Korps was sandwiched between two Allied armies in Tunisia and crushed by May 1943
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When was the Battle of Stalingrad?
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August 1942 to February 1943
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What was the turning point in the Battle of Stalingrad?
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After the Germans had taken most of the city, the Soviets counterattacked and cut off the city from supply lines, starving the Germans into submission.
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How did the US's Lend-Lease equipment get to the Soviet Union?
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through the Arctic Ocean and the Persian Gulf
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How did the Allies help the USSR fight off Germany?
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through Lend-Lease and by bombing German cities that hurt the German war effort
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How many people died in the Soviet Union from the war?
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20-25 million, 2/3 civilians
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What did the Allies conquer in July-August 1943?
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Sicily
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What became of Mussolini?
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In 1943, he was deposed, but later set up a German puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic in north Italy. In April 1945, while he was attempting to flee Italy, he was shot by anti-fascist Italians.
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What happened to Italy after Mussolini was removed from power?
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In August 1943, Marshal Badoglio headed a new Allied Italian government that Germany soon occupied, and who declared war on Germany in October 1943.
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What became of the Italian front?
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After the Allies took the southern half of Italy, it turned into a stalemate against the Germans, who controlled Rome.
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Why didn't the Allies make any progress in Italy?
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They were concentrating troops in England for D-Day.
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What advantage did the Germans have in defending Europe from invasion?
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It was covered in transportation, so they could theoretically move all their troops to where the landing would take place.
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Whad advantages did the Allies have in invading Europe?
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They could use feinting tactics to keep the location secret, they had air superiority, and most of Germany's army was in the USSR.
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When was D-Day?
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June 6, 1944
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Where was D-Day, and where were the Germans expecting it?
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the coast of Normandy; the Germans received fake intelligence reports of a landing at Calais
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Who led and who fought in D-Day?
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Eisenhower led a coalition of the American, British and Canadian troops.
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How many troops were used at D-Day?
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130k on the first day, 1M came within a month
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When were the advances made in the Western Front by the Allies?
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Paris was liberated by August, and they entered Germany in September
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What roles did Resistance movements play in the Western Front?
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Resistance movements in the occupied countries helped push the Germans out, and a German underground tried to assassinate Hitler.
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When was the assassination attempt on Hitler, and what happened?
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July 20, 1944: A bomb exploded in Hitler's East Prussia military headquarters, but Hitler was only injured.
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Where did the Allies invade France for a second time?
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They landed on the Mediterranean coast and swept north to join troops there.
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What was the only German advancement after D-Day?
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The Germans used their armored reserves to attack the Americans in a thin line called the "bulge" in December 1944, but that victory was temporary.
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Where did the Allies bomb in February 1945?
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Dresden, killing over 50k civilians
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What two obstacles separated the Western forces and Germany in 1945?
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The Siegried Line and the Rhine
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When did the Allies break through the Siegfried Line?
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February 1945
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When did the Allies cross the Rhine?
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March 1945, when American troops discovered an undestroyed bridge
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Where was Russia able to take over in 1944?
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Ukraine, Byelorussia, the Baltic states, and eastern Poland (the areas the Germans had taken during the war)
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How did the Polish Underground fight against the Germans?
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They rose up against the Germans, but the Soviets refused to help them, and they were annhilated.
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What had the Stalin and the Red Army done with Polish POWs before Operation Barbarossa?
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They ordered their mass execution, from which the graves were discovered by Germans in 1943
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What did the Russians liberate after their own territory?
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They convinced Romania and Bulgaria to switch sides.
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List Soviet advances in early 1945.
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In February they reached Oder, 40 miles from Berlin, and in March and April they captured Budapest and Vienna.
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What did Hitler do to defend Berlin against the Russians?
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He basically abandoned the Western Front.
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Why did Eisenhower stop before taking Berlin and Prague?
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It was a gesture to the Russians, to acknowledge that they had taken the brunt of the fighting.
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How did Hitler die?
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He committed suicide on April 30, 1945.
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What happened after Hitler died?
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His designated successor, Admiral Doenitz, surrendered to the Allies on May 8, 1945
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