Paleolithic And Neolithic Art/architecture

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Makapansgat Pebble Resembling a Human Face,
c. 3,000,000 BCE, jasperite, from South Africa ; is this a work of art????

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Reconstruction of a mammoth-bone structure, ca. 1 million to 10,000 BCE
Paleolithic Period (40,000-8100 BCE)
basic architecture (bone=palolithic)

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Remains of a mammoth-bone structure,
Ukraine, ca. 10,000 BCE

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main distinction and major debate of prehistoric period??

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No recorded writing; what is art (what counts)

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cro-magnon

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early civilization (group of people) .. associated w/ examples of western art . They were intelligent; had common language; stuck together; EVOLUTIONARY group

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Woman from Brassempouy, from France,c. 30,000 BCE/Paleolithic, ivory ;
art by cromagnums all have common feature (women, animals, combination)

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Lion-Human, from Germany,
c. 30,000 BCE/Paleolithic, ivory (they thought humans & animals to live as one common group, sharing the world) Creativity.

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Woman from Willendorf, c. 22,000-21,000 BCE/Paleolithic, from Austria, limestone, ORIGINALLY painted by okra (red)
exaggerated female attributes (wide hips, dimpled knees & butt, solid thighs) IDEAL woman ; represented fertility; talisman?(good luck charm)

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Woman from Les Pugue, France, c. 25,000 BCE,
Painted limestone : Types of sculptures : in the round (completely around)

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Woman Holding a Bison Horn, Laussel,
France, c. 25,000 BCE, painted limestone ; RELIEF sculpture (carving)

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What's so significant or special about prehistoric cave paintings?

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the pantings were done in deep parts, not where ppl lived, of the cave that requires special lighting and makes them sacred. & they are animals.

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Bison, detail from the ceiling at Altamira cave, Spain, c. 12,000-11,000 BCE ; high relief (bc of use of natural stone characteristics); 3d effect

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Horses, Rhinoceroses, and Aurochs, Chauvet Cave, France, c. 30,000-28,000 BCE/
Paleolithic, paint on limestone ; France contains the OLDEST cave paintings

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contour

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outline, basic shape (drawing w/ outlines)

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value

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shading of gray in some areas of drawing/paintings that indicates color, volume & gives sense of 3d value.

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overlapping

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common strategy (overlapping strategy) to show different time periods)

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Lion Panel, Chauvet Cave, France ; realistic animals that seem to have senses of movement

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Handprit in Chauvet Cave on france ; first form of signature

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Lascaux Cave

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in france ; one of the better known; a narrative of stories being told ; closed decades ago bc of affeected paintings

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Hall of Bulls, detail from paintings at Lascaux Cave, France twisted perspective
c. 15,000 BCE

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Bird-Headed Man with Bison, detail from paintings in Lascaux Caves, France; a myth ? why is the person a stick figure & the animale so intricate? is it the vision of a shaman?

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shaman

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mystical figure; sometimes medicinal hero

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Limestone lamp , Lascaux Cave, France

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Neolithic period characteristics?

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Ice age ending (climate changes), settling down. 3 main things!!! 1. agriculture (food), men women & children have roles 2. animals have a job/task, they are put to work. 3. permanent homes

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Woman and Man from Cernavoda, Romania, Neolithic, c. 3500 BCE, ceramic(hardened clay fired in ovens) ; found @ burial site.. Hudband & wife? ; abstracted

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Compound at Skara Brae, Scotland, c. 3100-2000 BCE

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masonry

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the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar

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House Interior, Skara Brae

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piece of masonry jutting out of a wall to carry any superincumbent weight ; corbeling

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Stonehenge; salisbury plain, wiltshire England, 3,000-1500 bce ; one of the most complex (8 phases of construction that went halfway through bronze age, -over a millenium)

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henge

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circle of stones or posts, often surrounded by a ditch

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most basic type of construction?

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POST & LINTEL

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moruse-and-tenon

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construction; knot & groove

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Horse and Sun Chariot, from Denmark, c. 1800-1600 BCE, bronze ; covered in thin sheet of gold; symbolic: religion ??? ; marks end of prehistoric period & beginning of bronze age