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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electical stimulation of the PAG (animal) or PVG(human) has a ____effect on nociception, and a _____effect on sensory/motor responses.
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inhibitory
no |
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ES of the Sensory thalamic or the internal capsule have an effect on _____patients
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trigeminal neuropathy
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ES of these 2 brain structures gives help to trigemnial neuropathy patients
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Internal capsule
sensory thalamic |
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PAG projects to the SC via the _____. Specifically, (a) has the _____which sends neurons to the SC and use the NT _____.
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RVM
NRM serotonin |
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THe PAG projects to to the DHN, via 2 projections, 1 to the __a__and the other to the __b___. these both go through the _c__and_d__before they go to the DHN.
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a - RVM
b - LC c - DLF d - VLF (funiculus) |
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The major source of dorsal horn 5-HT is
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RVM
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stimulation of _____releases 5-HT in the SC
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RVM
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Endogenous opioids and cannabinoids are _____
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analgesics
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CCK
Neurotensin BDNF these are... |
pain facilitators
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OFF/ON/Netural cells are the neurons of
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RVM
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These cells are always on (relatively), and stop firing just prior to a nocifensive reflex
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OFF cells
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These cells are always off (relatively) and begin/accelerate firing just prior to nocifensive reflex
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ON cells
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which cells (ON/OFF) are INHIBITED by PAG ES or morphine
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ON cells
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The effects of PAG ES or morphine are reversed by
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NALOXONE
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OFF/ON cells project to laminae ___, ___ and ___.
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1, 2, 5
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Stimulation of the Locus Coeruleus gives (Anti or nociception)
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anti-nociception
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T or F
Lidocaine block of the NRM gives a block of LC activity |
FALSE
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Locus Coeruleus' effects are mediated via _____receptors
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a-2 adrenoreceptors
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Dexmedetomidine is a ____agonist, causing sedative analgesic effects
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a-2 adrenoreceptors
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an example of an a-2 adrenoreceptor agonist is _____, causing _____.
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Dexmedetomidine
sedative analgesics |
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alpha-2 adrenoreceptors on the LC are also potentiated by a drug like ______, which is a NE uptake inhibitor
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DISIPRAMINE
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Disprimine acts on______ of the _____, by doing______.
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a-2 adrenoreceptors
LC Inhibit NE uptake |
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DL PAG projections
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LC
Sub C Giganto PARS A5 |
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VL PAG projections
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NRM
caudal of paragiganto R-V retic nucleus |
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3 drugs isolated from opium
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codeine
morphine papaverine |
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4 endog opioids
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endomorphin
enkephalin endorphin dynorphin |
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ALL endog opiods have 1 structural quality....
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Tyr AA @ N-terminal
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MAny endog opiods have what 1st 4 AA sequences?
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Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe
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which of the 4 endog opioids does not have the Tyr-Gly-GLy-Phe?
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Endomorphin
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Enkephalin - a
dynorphin - b endorphin - c endomorphin - d |
pro-enkephalin
pro-dynorphin POMC unknown |
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2 effects of morphine/opiates on PVG/PAG/RVM?
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inhibitory of On cells
Excitatory of Off cells |
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how do opiates excite OFF cells?
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inhibit GABA(inhib) neurons which project onto the OFF cell
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What effect do opiates have on neutral cells?
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NONE
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4 brain areas opiates act on
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hypothalamus
PAG RVM SC |
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morphine receptor
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mu
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enkephalin receptor
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Delta>u
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dynorphin receptor
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k
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b-endorphin receptor
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u>delta
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endomorphin receptor
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u
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Receptors
morphine enkeph dynorph b-endorph endomorph |
morphine - u
enkeph - d>u dynorph - k b-endorph - u>d endomorph - u |
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diffuse nox inhibitory controls are of RVM?
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FALSE
- Dorsal reticular nucleus |
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_____is a known opioid receptor antagonist. So, if you inject it into the _____, the morphine effect is reversed
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Naloxone
PAG/RVM |
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Naloxone is a ______antagonis
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opiod receptor antagonist
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The major spinal projection of serotonergic axons come from...
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RVM
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What is the rate limiting exzyme for serotonin synthesis?
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Tryptophan-hydroxylase 2 (Tph2)
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What can cause selective depletion of serotonin?
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Tph2
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What is Tph2?
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rate limiting enzyme of Serotonin synthesis
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