Pain Modalities Test 3

Front 1

A CNS neuronthat fors an intermediate synaptic connection between other neurons.

Back 1

Interneuron

Front 2

Specialized receptors on nerves that transmit pain impulses.

Back 2

Nociceptors

Front 3

A multisynaptic spinal reflex that is normally elicited by a noxious stimulus.

Back 3

Withdrawal Reflex

Front 4

The level of noxious stimulus required to alert the individual to possibe tissue damage.

Back 4

pain threshold

Front 5

second-order nuerons of the pain and temperature pathways. teaxons of these cells cross the midline of the spinal cord and ascend in the anterior lateral fasicuculus.

Back 5

Tract Cells

Front 6

System in the brain that controls emotion.

Back 6

Limbic System

Front 7

heat that is gained or lost trough the indirect transmission of energy.

Back 7

Radiant Heat

Front 8

A cluster of nuerons in the peripherel nervous system.

Back 8

Ganglia

Front 9

A cluster of neurons in the CNS

Back 9

Nucles (Nuclei)

Front 10

Pertaining to the body

Back 10

Somatic

Front 11

through the skin

Back 11

transcutaneous

Front 12

pertaining to organs of the body

Back 12

Visceral

Front 13

A sensory receptor formed by a nerve fiber and surrounding connective tissue cells.

Back 13

Encapsulated receptor

Front 14

Gray matter in the center of the brain

Back 14

Thalmus

Front 15

The most superficial of the receptor organs

Back 15

Merkel's disks

Front 16

Detect every light touch of the skin

Back 16

hair follicle receptors.

Front 17

less sensitive to mechanical pressure, but are specialized to detect moving or vibrating stimuli on the skin. Rapidly adapt to constant pressures.

Back 17

Meissner's corpuscles.

Front 18

Large encapsulated receptor organs found in the skin and deeper tissues

Back 18

Pacinian Corpuscles

Front 19

pertaining to the opposite side of the body.

Back 19

Contralateral

Front 20

A segmental skin area supplied by a spinal nerve root.

Back 20

Dermatome

Front 21

On the same side of the body.

Back 21

Ipsilateral

Front 22

The ascending fiber system that conveys pain and temperature sensation from spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.

Back 22

Anterior lateraL system

Front 23

The small bundle of fibers in the dorsolateral spinal cord formed by ascending or descending primary afferent fibers that carry pain and temperature sensation.

Back 23

Dorsolateral fasciculus (lissauer's tract)

Front 24

The most caudal region of the brain stem. Contains many cranial nerve nuclei and is important in visceral control.

Back 24

Medulla

Front 25

the most rostral region of the brain stem. Involved in muscle control and modulation of pain. Also processes visual and auditory information.

Back 25

Midbrain

Front 26

A nucleus in the caudal medulla that relays fine touch and proprioceptive information from the upper body to the thalmus.

Back 26

Nucleus cuneatus

Front 27

A nucleus in the caudal medulla that relays fine touch and proprioceptive information from lower body to the thalmus

Back 27

Nucleus gracilis

Front 28

the large bundle of fibers in the anterolateral spinal cord and brain stem that carry second-order pain fibers to the brain stem and thalamus. This bundle includes fibers that are often called the spinothalmic tract.

Back 28

Anterior lateral fasciculus

Front 29

Neurons in the spinal cord and thalamus that respond to a broad range of mechanical pressures. They respond to both touch and pain.

Back 29

Wide dynamic range cells

Front 30

pain that is well localized

Back 30

Epicritic Pain

Front 31

the crebral hemishperes and thalamic region of the brain

Back 31

Forebrain

Front 32

A massive band of ascending and descending fibers in the forebrain that connect the cerebral cortex to thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord.

Back 32

Internal capsule

Front 33

The fibers from different regions of the body are systematically distributed along the surface of this gyrus forming a "map" of the body spread across the cortex

Back 33

homunculus

Front 34

midline area of the cortex

Back 34

cingulate gyrus

Front 35

poorly localized pain sensation

Back 35

Protopathic pain

Front 36

the process of being made sensitive to a specific substance

Back 36

sensitized

Front 37

An area in the cerebral cortex, located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, that is important in the perception of touch and proprioception and in the localization of pain sensation.

Back 37

Somatosensory cortex

Front 38

This theory holds that the A-beta fibers form indirect connections with cells of the ALS in the dorsal horn.

Back 38

Gate-Control Theory

Front 39

Directly stimulate nociceptors

Back 39

Bradykinin

Front 40

Sensitization of the nerve fibers so that other mediators can enhance nociception

Back 40

Prostaglandin

Front 41

Neurotransmitter released centrally to produce the pain response and peripherally producing hyperalgesia and inflammatory responses.

Back 41

Substance P

Front 42

Released by mast cells to directly stimulate nociceptors

Back 42

Histamine

Front 43

A substance released by the body that reduces the perception of pain by bonding to pain receptor sites.

Back 43

Enkephalin

Front 44

The ability of a modality or treatment regimen to produce the intended effects.

Back 44

Efficacy

Front 45

A device or "drug" that has no physiological effect on the body.

Back 45

Sham

Front 46

Receive descending fibers from the cingulate cortex and several other regions of the cerebral cortex that play a role in emotion control.

Back 46

periaqueductal gray (PAG)nuclei

Front 47

Outside or away from its normal position; in an abnormal position or sequence.

Back 47

Ectopic

Front 48

Swelling or other mass formation around a nerve. Normally formed by connective cells instead of neurons

Back 48

Neuroma

Front 49

Destruction, trauma, or inhibition of a nerve

Back 49

Neuropathy

Front 50

Pain emanating from muscle and connective tissues that is persistent and shows no indication of being caused by arthritis or other nociceptive process.

Back 50

myofascial pain syndrome or trigger point pain.