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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What three systems are involved in perception of pain?
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Afferent pathways
Central Nervous System Efferent Pathways |
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(Pain Perception)
Afferent Pathways acts by |
bringing the signals to the spinal cord system
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(Pain Perception)
Central Nervous System acts by |
discriminate and localize pain
arouse and alert the body activate flight/fight response |
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(Pain Perception)
Efferent pathways modulate |
the pain sensation
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Endorphins
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endogenous morphines: inhibit pain transmission in brain and spinal cord
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Opioid drugs
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exogenous opioids
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opioid analgesics work by
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activating the descending inhibitory pathway
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Acute vs. Chronic Pain
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acute: initial injury & inflammation
chronic: persistent injury & inflammation |
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name two types of chronic pain
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chronic malignant pain- cancer: chemo or tumors
chronic nonmalignant pain- lasts longer than 6 months |
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what is the goal of pain management?
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to reduce peripheral sensitization, and thereby decreasing central stimulation
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What are the two kinds of pharmacologic agents?
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Opioids
Non-opioids |
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List the 3 kinds of non-opioid drugs
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Acetaminophen (Tylenol) APA
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Aspirin ASA |
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what are the 3 major families of endogenous opioid peptides?
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enkephalins
endorphins dynorphins |
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enkephalins are released from neurons through pain axis and they...
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activate opioid receptors to block transmission of pain
inhibitory effect on a release of excitatory neurotransmitters |
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3 important opioid receptor subtypes
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Mu (main receptor for opioid analgesia)
Kappa Delta |
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what type of medication is used for mild pain?
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Non-opiods:
Acetaminophen Aspirin NSAIDs |
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what type of medication is used for moderate pain?
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NSAIDs
Acetaminophen + Opioid Tramadol |
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what type of medication is used for severe pain?
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Opioids
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Pharmacologic activity depends on their affinity for opioid receptors
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opioid-receptor agonists
mixed agonist-antagonist antagonists |
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3 classifications of Opioid Agonists
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Phenanthrenes
Phenylpiperidines Phenylheptanes |
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Examples of Phenanthrenes
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Morphine
Hydromorphone Lecorphanol Oxymorphone Codeine Hydrocodone Oxycodone |
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Examples of Phenlypiperidines
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Meperidine
Fentanyl Sufentanil |
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Examples of Phenylheptanes
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Methadone
Propoxyphene |
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Opioids effect what regions of the body?
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CNS
Cardiovascular effects GI/Billary Effects Genitourinary Effects Dermal Effects |
