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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The interval between the presumed initiating bacteremia and the onset of symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE) is estimated to be less than __________ in more than 80% of patients with IE.
A. one week B. two weeks C. one month D. two months |
B. Two Weeks
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Where are Janeway lesions located?
A. the tricuspid valve B. the palms of the hands and soles of the feet C. the pulp of the digits D. the nail beds |
the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
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Visible bleeding during a dental procedure is a reliable predictor of bacteremia. It is not clear which dental procedures are more or less likely to cause transient bacteremia or to result in a greater magnitude of bacteremia than that caused by routine daily activities such as chewing food, toothbrushing, or flossing.
A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. |
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
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Which of the following is true regarding the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis?
A. Data show that a reduction in the incidence, nature, and duration of bacteria caused by antibiotic therapy reduces the risk of or prevents IE. B. Antibiotics given to at-risk patients before a dental procedure will prevent or reduce a bacteremia. C. Prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to examine the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing IE in patients who undergo a dental procedure. D. Investigators have concluded that dental or other procedures probably only caused a small fraction of cases of IE, and that prophylaxis would prevent only a small number of cases, even if it were 100% effective. |
Investigators have concluded that dental or other procedures probably only caused a small fraction of cases of IE, and that prophylaxis would prevent only a small number of cases, even if it were 100% effective.
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Which of the following antibiotics is the best choice if a patient who requires premedication before dental treatment is already taking penicillin for eradication of an infection?
A. amoxicillin B. clindamycin C. cephalosporins D. keep the patient on the penicillin because the blood level has already been achieved |
clindamycin
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The most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the world is ________.
A. occupational pollutants B. environment pollutants C. tobacco smoking D. allergy |
tobacco smoking
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Which of the following is true of the signs and symptoms associated with COPD for patients who were historically referred to as “blue bloaters” or “pink puffers”?
A. Patients who had emphysema were traditionally known as “pink puffers” because they demonstrated enlarged chest walls, giving them a “barrel-chested” appearance. B. Currently, it is recognized that most patients with COPD may exhibit features of both diseases. C. “Blue bloaters” demonstrated weight loss with progression of the disease and a lack of cyanosis. D. a and b E. b and c |
D: Both A and B
A. Patients who had emphysema were traditionally known as “pink puffers” because they demonstrated enlarged chest walls, giving a “barrel-chested” appearance. B. Currently, it is recognized that most patients with COPD may exhibit features of both diseases. |
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Which of the following chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways is characterized by reversible episodes of increased airway hyperresponsiveness?
A. emphysema B. asthma C. chronic bronchitis D. a and b E. b and c |
asthma
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Which of the following medications is associated with “triad asthmaticus”?
A. methotrexate B. nonspecific beta blockers C. aspirin D. penicillin |
aspirin
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For which of the following categories of patients is treatment in the dental office contraindicated?
1. patients with a positive tuberculin test 2. patients with a history of tuberculosis 3. patients with clinically active sputum-positive tuberculosis A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 2 C. 2, 3 D. 3 |
3
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Which of the following is a form of infectious (rather than serum) hepatitis?
A. hepatitis A B. hepatitis B C. hepatitis C D. hepatitis D |
hepatitis A
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(A/An) _______________ syndrome develops during the preicteric phase in approximately 10% to 20% of patients with acute hepatitis.
A. chronic fatigue B. irritable bowel C. serum sickness–like D. aspirin triad syndrome |
serum sickness–like
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Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis?
A. Acute viral hepatitis is marked by a prominent fibrosis observed during histologic evaluation. B. Immunohistochemical stains for hepatitis antigens are positive during the acute disease. C. There are reliably distinctive features in the liver that separate the five viral forms of acute hepatitis from one another. D. Serologic tests are adequate for the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis, so liver biopsy is not recommended unless the diagnosis remains unclear and a therapeutic decision is needed. |
Serologic tests are adequate for the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis, so liver biopsy is not recommended unless the diagnosis remains unclear and a therapeutic decision is needed.
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Which of the following is the most common means by which hepatitis A is spread?
A. consumption of shellfish from contaminated waterways B. fecal contamination of food or water C. direct person-to-person exposure D. blood transfusions |
direct person-to-person exposure
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Which of the following is associated with immunity to hepatitis B?
A. HBsAg B. HBcAg C. HBeAg D. Anti-HBs E. Anti-HBe |
Anti-HBs
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Which of the following hepatitis viruses is second most likely (following hepatitis B) to be transmitted occupationally to a dental healthcare worker?
A. HAV B. HCV C. HEV D. non-A-E |
HCV
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Chronic active hepatitis B is diagnosed by the presence of ______ in blood serum.
A. HBsAg B. HBcAg C. HBeAg D. a, b, and c E. a and c |
E. a and c
HBsAg HBeAg |
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Which of the following is true of the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease?
A. Fatty liver is not reversible. B. Alcoholic hepatitis may be fatal if damage is widespread. C. In some patients with cirrhosis, blood from bleeding ulcers and esophageal varices is incompletely metabolized to ammonia. D. a and b E. b and c |
E. b and c
B. Alcoholic hepatitis may be fatal if damage is widespread. C. In some patients with cirrhosis, blood from bleeding ulcers and esophageal varices is incompletely metabolized to ammonia. |
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Which of the following tests is the best way to screen for problems before dental treatment of an alcoholic patient?
A. bilirubin total B. alkaline phosphatase total C. LDH total D. a complete blood count (CBC) |
a complete blood count (CBC)
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Which of the following types of breath odor is associated with liver failure?
A. sweet, musty B. breadlike C. ammonia D. garlic |
sweet, musty
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