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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following groups of patients is most susceptible to allergic reactions caused by sulfites?
A. renal dialysis patients B. people with emphysema C. asthmatics D. patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
C. asthmatics
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Which of the following is a clinical example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
A. anaphylaxis due to penicillin allergy B. transfusion reaction caused by mismatched blood C. systemic lupus erythematosus D. contact dermatitis |
C. systemic lupus erythematosus
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Which of the following medications can be used as a dental local anesthetic if the patient reports previous allergic reaction to an amide local anesthetic?
A. diphenhydramine (Benadryl) B. a selective COX-2 inhibitor C. codeine D. triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog) in Orabase |
A. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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Most patients with asthma who react to NSAIDs also have ______.
1. nasal polyps 2. type II diabetes 3. orthostatic hypotension 4. gout A. 1, 3 B. 2, 4 C. 1 D. 2 |
1. nasal polyps
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Contact stomatitis is considered to be type __ hypersensitivity.
A. I B. II C. III D. IV |
D. IV
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Which of the following types of transplant recipients has the highest reported 1-year patient survival rate?
A. liver B. intestine C. kidney D. lung |
C. kidney
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Which of the following types of organ transplants has the best chance for success?
A. allogeneic B. syngeneic C. xenograft |
B. syngeneic
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The “implantation response” may be seen with which of the following types of transplantation?
A. kidney B. spleen C. heart-lung D. liver |
C. heart-lung
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Patients with ___________ have the greatest chance of success from bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
A. aplastic anemia B. chronic myelogenous leukemia C. lymphoma D. Hurler syndrome |
B. chronic myelogenous leukemia
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It is best to avoid any dental treatment for how long a period following transplantation?
A. 7 to 10 days B. 2 to 4 weeks C. 6 months D. 2 years |
C. 6 months
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Overimmunosuppression increases the risk for ____________, and underimmunosuppression increases the risk for ________________ during the stable posttransplantation period.
A. acute rejection; acute rejection B. acute rejection; infection C. infection; acute rejection D. infection; infection |
C. infection; acute rejection
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If the level of anticoagulation of a transplant patient is greater than that for an international normalized ratio (INR) of ___, the dosage of medication may need to be reduced by the patient’s physician.
A. 1.5 B. 2.5 C. 3.5 D. 4.5 |
C. 3.5
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Which is the most common granular leukocyte?
A. basophil B. neutrophil C. eosinophil D. monocyte |
B. neutrophil
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Which of the following is the most common form of leukemia among people younger than 19 years of age?
A. acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) B. acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) C. chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) D. chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) |
A. acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
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Which of the following is the most common type of leukemia in adults?
A. acute lymphocytic leukemia B. acute myelogenous leukemia C. acute lymphocytic leukemia D. chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
B. acute myelogenous leukemia
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Reed-Sternberg cells are associated with ________________.
A. acute lymphocytic leukemia B. chronic lymphocytic leukemia C. Hodgkin lymphoma D. non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
C. Hodgkin lymphoma
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Which of the following is the most common intraoral location for non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. parotid gland B. soft palate C. floor of the mouth D. posterior lateral border of the tongue |
B. soft palate
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Burkitt lymphoma that is found most often in Central Africa is known as ________.
A. essential B. endemic C. sporadic D. idiopathic |
B. endemic
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Which of the following is the prominent radiographic feature of multiple myeloma?
A. “hair on end” pattern B. “ground glass” pattern C. “punched out” lesions D. “sunburst” pattern |
C. “punched out” lesions
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Which of the following is the most common type of opportunistic fungal infection in leukemic patients?
A. torulopsis B. candidiasis C. aspergillosis D. mucormycosis |
B. candidiasis
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Which of the following is true regarding the incidence of cancer in the United States?
A. Cancer is second only to heart disease as the leading cause of death in the United States. B. The incidence of cancer has decreased over the past 50 years. C. The death rate from all cancers combined has increased in the past 10 years. D. a, b, c E. a and c |
A. Cancer is second only to heart disease as the leading cause of death in the United States.
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Which type of T lymphocyte body defense cell normally protects against cancer cells?
A. T memory B. T helper C. T natural killer D. T suppressor |
C. T natural killer
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Which of the following is the most important risk factor for breast cancer?
A. smoking B. exposure to carcinogens C. genetics D. nulliparity |
C. genetics
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Which of the following is used to make a diagnosis of breast cancer?
A. breast pain B. nipple discharge C. mammography D. biopsy |
D. biopsy
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Which of the following is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States?
A. colon cancer B. breast cancer C. lung cancer D. bone cancer |
C. lung cancer
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Where in the mouth is mucositis due to radiation therapy most likely to develop?
A. buccal mucosa B. dorsum of the tongue C. hard palate D. gingival epithelium |
A. buccal mucosa
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How much of a reduction in salivary flow occurs in the first week after radiation therapy?
A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% |
C. 50%
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How long will an untreated major depression last?
A. 4 months B. 8 months C. 4 years D. 8 years |
B. 8 months
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Which of the following is/are true of bipolar disorder?
A. Men tend to have a greater number of manic episodes, and women, more numerous depressive episodes. B. Diagnosis is made as soon as the patient has one manic episode and one depressive episode. C. It is characterized by manic behavior. D. Each affective episode lasts about one week. |
A. Men tend to have a greater number of manic episodes, and women, more numerous depressive episodes.
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Which of the following is the most widely used mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder?
A. tranylcypromine (Parnate) B. fluvoxamine (Luvox) C. lithium carbonate D. carbamazepine |
C. lithium carbonate
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Which of the following is an adverse effect associated with the administration of tricyclic antidepressants?
A. xerostomia B. diarrhea C. hypertension D. bradycardia |
A. xerostomia
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It is suggested that no more than _____ cartridges of dental local anesthetic containing (1:100,000) epinephrine be used during an appointment when a patient is taking tricyclic antidepressants.
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 |
A. 2
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Which of the following types of somatoform disorders occurs when a person views a traumatic event and subsequently becomes blind due to a conflict about acknowledging the event?
A. hypochondriasis B. conversion disorder C. factitious disorder D. somatization disorder |
B. conversion disorder
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Which of the following is/are considered to be negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
A. delusions B. reduction of affective expression C. hallucinations D. a and b E. b and c |
B. reduction of affective expression
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Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?
A. alcohol B. marijuana C. heroin D. methamphetamine |
B. marijuana
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Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter involved in drug abuse?
A. endorphin B. dopamine C. norepinephrine D. acetylcholine |
B. dopamine
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Which of the following is the leading drug of abuse in terms of frequency of emergency department (ED) visits, general hospital admission, family violence, and other social problems?
A. heroin B. methamphetamine C. marijuana D. alcohol |
D. alcohol
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How long should a dentist wait before administering dental local anesthetic containing epinephrine to a patient who is “high” on cocaine?
A. 3 hours B. 6 hours C. 12 hours D. 24 hours |
B. 6 hours
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Gingival recession and erosion of the facial aspects of the maxillary teeth can occur with intraoral use of _________ due to persistent rubbing of the powder over these surfaces.
A. pseudoephedrine B. benzodiazepine C. cocaine D. ecstasy |
C. cocaine
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Why is disulfiram used for some patients during alcohol rehabilitation?
A. It reduces delirium tremens (“DTs”) due to abrupt withdrawal of alcohol. B. It causes nausea and vomiting when taken with alcohol. C. It induces restful sleep patterns during withdrawal from alcohol. D. It reduces elevated blood pressure and tachycardia. |
B. It causes nausea and vomiting when taken with alcohol.
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Type I hypersensitivity reactions commonly are caused by food substances, antibiotics, and insect bites? T/F
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True
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Atopy is a hypersensitivity state that is influenced by genetic factors. T/F
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False
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The reaction most often associated with local anesthetics is a toxic reaction. T/F
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True
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The two main groups of local anesthetics in dentistry consist of (PABA) esters and Amides. T/F
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True
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Cross-reaction does occur between ester and amide local anesthetic. T/F
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False
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Procaine is the local anesthetic associated with the highest incidence of allergic reactions. T/F
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True
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Skin testing for allergy to penicillin is not as reliable as skin testing for allergy to a local anesthetic. T/F
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False
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_______________ are often used as alternatives to penicillins.
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Cephalosporins
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Oral lesions can be produced by Type ____ hypersensitivity reactions.
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I
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___________ stomatitis is a delayed allergic reaction that is associated with the cellular immune response in most cases.
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Contact
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Which type of T lymphocyte body defense cell normally protects against cancer cells?
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T natural killer
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Which of the following is the most common type of cancer in the United States?
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Breast
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Which of the following is the most important risk factor for breast cancer?
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Genetics
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Which of the following is the major etiologic agent of cervical cancer?
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HPV
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Which of the following is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA?
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Lung cancer
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Which of the following types of cancer has the fastest-growing incidence in the USA?
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Melanoma
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How much of a reduction in salivary flow occurs in the first week after radiation therapy?
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50%
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How long will an untreated major depression last?
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8 months
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It is suggested that no more than ______ cartridges of dental local anesthetic containing (1:100,000) epinephrine be used during an appointment when a patient is taking tricyclic antidepressants.
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2
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How long should a dentist wait before administering dental local anesthetic containing epinephrine to a patient who is "high" on cocaine?
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6 hours
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One of the most common medical emergencies that can occur in the dental office is ?
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Acute allergic reaction
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________ is an abnormal or hypersensitive response of the immune system to a substance introduced in the body.
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Allergy
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Three branches of the immune system...
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Humoral, cellular, nonspecific
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Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve the cellular immune system.
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IV
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Examples of Type IV hypersensitivity:
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Contact Dermatitis, Graft Rejection, Contact Stomatitis
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Type I hypersensitivity reactions commonly are caused by ?
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Food Substances
Antibiotics Insect Bites |
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Atopy is what?
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A predisposition to always having a reaction
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_____ is a hypersensitivity state that is influenced by hereditary factors.
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Atopy
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Three types of angioedema to denistry are acquired:
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Acquired (allergic-based)
Drug-induced Hereditary angioedema |
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Infectious-type allergic reactions are exemplified by the TB skin test, in which a person who has PREVIOUSLY been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops a delayed response, usually within ________ hours after a second exposure to components of the bacteria.
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48 to 72 hours
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One of the most common concerns is a patient-reported allergy to __________.
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a local anesthetic, antibiotic, or analgesic
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Signs and Symptoms Suggestive of an Allergic Reaction:
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Urticaria
Swelling Skin rash Chest tightness Dyspnea Rhinorrhea Conjunctivitis |
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The reaction most often associated with local anesthetics is ?
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Toxic Reaction
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Another common reaction to local anesthetics involves anxious patients who experience?
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tachycardia, sweating, paleness, syncope
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Penicillin is used frequently through out the world and is a common cause of ?
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Drug allergy
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If a patient is allergic to penicillin should be given ?
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erythromycin or clindamycin for treatment of oral infection OR
clindamycin for prophylaxis against IE |
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________ are often used other than penicillin.
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Cephalosporins
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Patients with a negative history to penicillin should receive their alternative drug how?
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Orally
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