Pain Management

Front 1

a procedure for stopping blood flow from an injured blood vessel

Back 1

acupressure

Front 2

Pain that is protective, has an identifiable cause, is short in duration, and has limited tissue damage and emotional response

Back 2

acute pain

Front 3

a primary, chronic, neurobiologic disese, with genetic, pyschosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations

Back 3

addiction

Front 4

a variety of medications that enhance analgesics or have analgesics properties

Back 4

adjuvants/coanalgesics

Front 5

a remedy that relieves pain

Back 5

analgesics

Front 6

What are the 3 types of analgesics?

Back 6

1. nonopioids (acetaminophen - Tylendol)
2. opioids (narcotics)
3. adjuvants/coanalgesics

Front 7

a state of adaption in which exposure to a drug induces changes that dimisone or more of the drug's effects

Back 7

drug tolerance

Front 8

A transient flare of moderate to severe pain superimposed on continuous pain.

Back 8

breakthrough pain

Front 9

pain that does not protect
serves no purpose
lasts longer than expected

Back 9

chronic pain

Front 10

Stimulation of the skin to help relieve pain by giving a massage, warm bath, using ice bags and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Back 10

cutaneous stimulation

Front 11

What are the different types of regional anesthesia?

Back 11

1. epidural analgesia
2. pudendal blocks
3. spinal anesthesia

Front 12

Controls or reduces severe pain. Reduces the client overal opioid needs

Back 12

epidural analgesia

Front 13

located just inside the spinal vertebrae

Back 13

spinal epidural space

Front 14

behavioral interventions, like daydreaming

Back 14

guided imagery

Front 15

chronic pain that persist even when the cause of the pain is known and treated

Back 15

idiopathic pain

Front 16

local infiltration of an anesthesia medication to induce loss of sensation to a body part

Back 16

local anesthesia

Front 17

The use of biological measure (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure) as feedback to modify a body function

Back 17

biofeedback

Front 18

once the brain perceives pain, there is a release of inhibitory neurotransmitters which work to hinder the ransmission of pain and help produce an analgesic effect. It is the 4th phase of the noiceptive process.

Back 18

modulation

Front 19

These pain-sensitizing substances surround the pain fibers in the ECF, spreading the pain message and causing an inflammatory response

Back 19

neurotransmitters

Front 20

Sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber

Back 20

nociceptor

Front 21

Narcotics

Back 21

Opioids

Front 22

an unpleasant, subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue of damage or described in terms of such damage

Back 22

pain

Front 23

the point at which a person feels pain

Back 23

pain threshold

Front 24

level of pain a person is willing to put up with

Back 24

pain tolerance

Front 25

A patient controlled drug delivery system

Back 25

PCA - patient-controlled analgesia

Front 26

the point at which a person is aware of pain.

Back 26

perception

Front 27

an unsutured catheter from a surgical wound placed near a nerve or groups of nerves connects to a pump containing a local anesthetic

Back 27

perineural infusion

Front 28

What are the terms related to the use of opioids in pain treatment

Back 28

1. physical dependence
2. drug tolerance
3. addiction
4. pseudoaddiction
5. pseudotolerance

Front 29

a state of adaption that is manifested by a drug class specific withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation,rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, and/or administration of an antagnoist

Back 29

physical dependence

Front 30

client behaviors (drug seeking) that occur when pain is undertreated

Back 30

pseudoaddiction

Front 31

need to increase opioid dose for reasons other than opioid tolerance: progression of disease, onset of new disorder, inceased physical activity, lack of adherence, change opioid formulation, drug-drug interaction, drug-food ineraction

Back 31

pseudotolerance

Front 32

medications or procedures that produce positive or negative effects in clients

Back 32

placebos

Front 33

What are the two types of neuroregulators?

Back 33

1. neurotransmitters (excitatory)
2. neuromodulators (inhibitory)

Front 34

List some neurotransmitters (excitatory).

Back 34

1. prostaglandins
2. bradykinin
3. potassium
4. histamine
5. substance P

Front 35

List some neuromodulators (inhibitory).

Back 35

1. endorphins
2. enkephalins
3. serotonin
4. norepinephrine
5. gamma aminaobutyric acid (GABA)

Front 36

any of a class of unsaturated fatty acids that are involved in the contraction of smooth muscle, the control of inflammation and body temperature, and many other physiological functions.

Back 36

prostaglandins

Front 37

any intense sensation of itching

Back 37

pruritus

Front 38

the injection of a local anesthetic to block a group of sensory nerve fibers

Back 38

regional anesthesia

Front 39

it directs a client's attention to something other than pain and thus reduces the awareness of pain

Back 39

distractions

Front 40

mental and physical freedom from tension or stress that provides individuals a sense of self-control

Back 40

relaxation

Front 41

stimulation of the skin with a mild electrical current passed through external electrodes

Back 41

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Front 42

thermal, chemical, mechanical stimuli that causes pain is converted to electricl energy. this conversion is called

Back 42

transduction

Front 43

occurs after transduction and begins the pain impulse

Back 43

transmission