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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measurements of Pain in Children
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Self-reported
Behavioral Physiological |
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Pain in infants < 6 months old
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Do not express anticipatory fear
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Pain in 6-18 month old children
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Begin to develop fear of painful experiences and withdraw when pain is anticipated
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Pain in 18-24 month old children
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Express pain with words such as “hurt” or boo boo”
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Pain in 3-4 year olds
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Begin to localize pain and identify external causes
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Pain in 5-7 year olds
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Improve understanding of pain, ability to localize and cooperate
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Pain in adolescent aged children
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Able to qualify/quantify pain and develop cognitive coping strategies that may help diminish pain
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Pain treatment goals in the pediatric patient
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1. Minimize physical pain and discomfort
2. Alleviate anxiety 3. Prevent potentially deleterious physiologic responses due to pain |
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Non-Pharmacological Pain management
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Distraction * Relaxation * Guided imagery * Positive Self-Talk
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Topical anesthetic for pre-procedure pain control
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1.EMLA cream
2. LET cream (contains lidocaine) 3. TAC cream (contains tetratcaine) |
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EMLA cream
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Apply 60-90 minutes before procedure by placing cream on site and covering with an occlusive dressing
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LET cream (Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Tetracaine)
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Gel applied 20-30 minutes before procedure
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TAC (Tetracaine, Adrenaline, Cocaine)
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Gel or liquid take effect in 10 minutes
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Pain relief routes of administration
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Oral; transdermal;Intramuscular;
Intravenous;Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) |
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Biophysical Pain releif interventions
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Sucking; Swaddling; Holding; Rocking; Positioning
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Drug tolerance
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need for larger dose of opioid to maintain original effect.
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Physical dependence
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withdrawal symptoms when chronic use of opioid is discontinued or opioid antagonist (Narcan) is given.
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Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
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Can be used in children as young as age 3 years
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What does FLACC stand for?
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Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability
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FLACC pain scale
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used in pre-verbal or nonverbal infants and children
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