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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Top visit for physician visit
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pain
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Is pain a symptom or pathology?
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almost always a symptom
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What are the three types of nerve fibers?
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mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors
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Acute, non-pathologic pain is described as ____?
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nociceptive
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What fibers usually cause pain?
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nociceptors
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How many nociceptors per square inch of skin
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1300
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What leads to sensitization?
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tissue damage from inflammatory changes and nerve damage => exaggerated responsiveness
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Mast cells produce what chemical mediator of pain?
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substance P (also release histamine)
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What chemicals seem to stimulate pain?
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serotonin and substance P
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What are the two types of pain?
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Fast (acute) and Slow (chronic)
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Fast, sharp pain is conducted by which fiber type?
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A fibers = myelinated
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Slow, dull pain is conducted by which fiber type?
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B fibers = unmyelinated
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Describe nerve pain
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burning, radiating
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Describe ligament pain
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sharp
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Describe cartilage pain
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sharp, positional (key!)
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Describe muscle pain
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aching
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Describe bone pain
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sharp, trauma, point tender
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One underused treatment for osteoarthritis is
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Using and unloader brace to unload the joint
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Stabilizing braces prevent
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excessive range of motion
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Flexible compressive braces offer
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stability and movement control without severely limiting joint movement
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Cold therapy works by
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vasoconstriction slows down chemical process
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Nonsteroidals work by
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blocking transduction of nociceptors
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How do nonsteroidals reduce inflammation?
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inhibit prostaglandin production via inhibition of cyclooxegenase
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Acetominophen inhibits prostaglandin synth. in ____?
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CNS, not periphery
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How many grams of acetaminophen a day are toxic to liver?
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4 gm
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Opioids are weak bases and _____
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Mu receptor agonists
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How do opioids work?
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reduce pre-synaptic release of substance P
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What is the common theme for prescribing opioids?
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need surgery, not eligible for surgery, recovering from surgery!
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SSRI's block what?
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mu agonist, the fxn of opioids
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Anticonvulsants assist with ____?
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neuropathic pain
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Electrical stimulation bypass
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nociceptor stimulation of “gate” neurons that initiate pain cascade
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What are the natural analgesic system?
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glucocorticoids secreted by adrenals act as anti-inflammatory; Growth Hormone too
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