Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Duration of action is divided into
|
Pulpal Hard tissue
Soft tissue total |
|
|
What does the duration depend on?
|
1. individual variation
2. technique 3. tissue status (vascularity, ph) 4. anatomical varation 5. type of injection - infiltration or nerve block |
|
|
What are the doses for local anesthetic drugs?
|
Presented in terms of mg/kg or mg/lb.
Max dose: local anesthetic blood level just below the threshold for an overdose reaction. -hyporesponders -hyperresponders |
|
|
What are 3 categories of patients with potentially increase risk?
|
-small child
-elderly individual -medically compromised patient |
|
|
Describe procaine
|
Ester: provides essentially no pulpal anesthesia and 15-30 minutes soft tissue anesthesia.
Produces the greatest vasodilatation No longer available High incidence of allergy |
|
|
Propoxycaine
|
Ester- its not available alone because of its high toxicity.
|
|
|
Ravocaine
|
Combination of Procaine + Propoxycaine
Not available since January 1996. It was useful when amides were contraindicated. |
|
|
Benzocaine
|
Ester-type topical local anesthetic for temporary relief of pain associated with toothache, minor sore throat pain and canker sore.
|
|
|
Lidocaine
use in 1. dental 2. medical Max dose? |
Dental: Amide-type injectable local anesthetic and topical local anesthetic
Max dose: 300 mg. 4.4 mg/kg or 2 mg/lb Medical: Local anesthetic and acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias from myocardial infarction. Allergies to amide local anesthetics is virtually nonexistent |
|
|
Describe the duration of anesthesia for lidocaine 2%
|
Pulpal 5-10 min
Soft tissue 60-120 min Probably not the best anesthetic to use without a vasoconstrictor. |
|
|
Duration of anesthesia for lidocaine 2% with Epi 1:100,00
|
Pulpal 60 min soft tissue 3-5 hr
Need the one that's more concentration for better vasoconstriction, so use 1:50,000 but think about cardiac patients. |
|
|
Mepivicaine
|
Dental: Amide-type anesthetic used for local infiltration anesthesia; injection near nerve trunks to produce nerve block.
Produces slight vasodilatation Malamed recommends a maximum dosage of 2mg/lb or 4.4mg/kg. (max: 300mg) |
|
|
Mepivicaine
|
Pulpa 20-40 min
Soft tissue 2-3 hr |
|
|
Prilocaine
Dental Metabolism |
Dental- Dental: Amide-type anesthetic used for local infiltration anesthesia; injection near nerve trunks to produce nerve block.
Metabolism: hydrolyzed in the liver to orthotoluidine and N-propylalanine.(orthotoluidine can induce methemoglobinemia) Maximum Recommended Dose: 2.7mg/lb or 6.0mg/kg to a maximum of 400mg 4% prilocaine 5-10 min pulpal anestheisa Soft tissue: 60-120 min Cyanosis, graying, bluish lips are signs of methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue 1% solution administered over 15 min period. Its a relative contraindication to those who have methemoglobinemia. |
|
|
4% Septicaine with 1:100,000 epi
|
3.2 mg or 7.0 mg/kg max dose in adults; 2.27 mg/lb or 5.0 mg/kg max dose in kids. 500 mg max
Pulpal: 60-75 min Soft tissue: 3-6 hr |
|
|
0.5% bupivicaine with 1:200,000 epi
|
1.3 mg/kg or 0.6 mg/lb 90 mg max
Pulpal: 90 - 180 min Soft tissue: 4-9 hr |
