Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ingenous
|
all rocks that are volcanic extrusive and intrusive |
|
|
extrusive
|
basalt, magma is exposed to the atmosphere with rapid cooling
|
|
|
intrusive
|
granite, intrudes underground and cools very slowly |
|
|
sedimentary
|
formed out of sediment clastic non clastic |
|
|
clastic
|
sandstone, formed from pieces of eroded other rock |
|
|
non clastic |
formed from dead plant material and skeletal remains
|
|
|
crustal plate
|
ridgid slide around on semi molten cushion thin and hard oceanic and continental |
|
|
oceanic
|
thin and dense, basalt |
|
|
continental
|
thick not dense, granite
|
|
|
what is subduction and why does it happen
|
plates colliding at 90 degress, one tectonic plate moves under another |
|
|
where are some active subduction zones
|
crater lake, mt st. helen, lassen
|
|
|
where is a major zone of sea floor spreading
|
atlantic and mid atlantic ridge |
|
|
enviornmental limits governing spatial extent of plant or animal species
|
physical, biological, cultural
|
|
|
biological |
food source, habitiat, competition, predation, reporoduction, disease
|
|
|
physcial
|
soil, water availability, temp., depth , altitude
|
|
|
man
|
deforestation, hunting, chemical waste, adding exotic species, runoff
|
|
|
ecosystem
|
totality of interactions among organisms and the enviorment in the area of consideration
|
|
|
ecotone
|
the transition zone between viotic communities in which they are typical species of one community intermigle with those of another
|
|
|
what is a biome and give exapmles
|
a large recognizable assemblage of plants and animals in functional interaction with its environment ex. tropical rainfroest, tropical deciduous forest, desert, tundra, tropical shrub, mediterranean woodland |
|
|
what is bergman's rule and how dose it explain for various sizes of animals
|
warm blooded animals, as one moves polar the ratio of surface area volume decrease and as one moves toward equator ratio of surface area and volume increase warmer areas=smaller animals colder areas= larger animals |
|
|
waht is sclerophyllous vegetation and where is it found
|
found 1500-3000 ft. up woody plants with leaves coated in wax that are highly flamable |
|
|
what is meant by an edaphic control
|
soil control
|
|
|
what is meant by vertical zonation and apply it to the casacades and sierra nevada area
|
substitue elevation for latitude, increase in elevation mimics increase in latitude
|
|
|
what is a hot spot and how does it relate to Hawaii |
Hawaii is one, it is a puncture in the crust that access molten material. area of volcanic activity within the interior of lithospheric plates associated with magma rising |
|
|
what type of volcano comprise the island of Hawaii |
Shield volcanoes |
|
|
what are its traits and structural profile and viscosity and how often it erupts (Hawaii) |
low silica, 2 types of lava |
|
|
low silica |
occur more frequently (6-10 yr) thin lava that moves fast |
|
|
pahoehoe |
thin and ropey |
|
|
Aa |
thick and chunky |
|
|
where are what are emperor seamounts |
in Hawaii and under the sea range that reaches sea level once Hawaii hits |
|
|
Where is the cascades |
Washington, Oregon, and North Cali |
|
|
what types of volcanoes cascades |
cinder and compostite |
|
|
cinder |
smaller, all over, silica which is thick and slow |
|
|
composite |
big, lava, mud flow, fire rock |
|
|
barriers to transportation? |
no
|
|
|
any rivers cross? talk about crater lake |
no rivers connect to crater lake, it is inside of a volcano, snow contributes to the fill of it |
|
|
what is pumice desert |
broad flat that was covered in ash and pumice more than 200 ft. deep in some places from the explosion of mt. Mazama |
|
|
what is captive lake |
no fish or rivers flow into it. |
|
|
how is captive lakes water levels mainainted |
snowfall and rain, direct seepage and evaporation govern it |
|
|
how often do eruptions occur and how does it compare to Hawaii |
eruptions in cascades do not occur nearly as much |
|
|
pyroclastic |
solid rock fragments thrown in air by explosion |
|
|
where is Columbia plateau |
Washington, Oregon, and Idaho |
|
|
What is Loess soil |
a wind deposited silt that is fine grained, and usually tan in color. wind blown and very fertile |
|
|
what are the Palous hills |
Hill that is semi arid and wheat crops grown here |
|
|
semi arid |
precipitation and soil moisture 50-100% |
|
|
Hells canyon |
was made from the notch carved out by snake river |
|
|
Blue and Steen Mountain |
both between 9-10,000 ft. |
|
|
When is Cali's rainy season |
winter |
|
|
dry season |
summer |
|
|
how do the plants at lower elevation adapt to summer drought |
fire |
|
|
what type of rock dominates Sierra Nevada |
granite |
|
|
what is a batholith |
largest and most amorphous of ingenious intrusions |
|
|
what is the profile of S.N and how does the fault on east influence slopes |
intrusive volcanoes gradual west slope (4.5%) east slope (15%) fault on east side is a normal fault accounts for half of the uplift and the pluton of granite accounts for the other |
|
|
what type of fault is the fault in S.N |
normal vertical |
|
|
what is meant by exfoliated granite |
peeling away of very thin rock from weathering |
|
|
sequoia gigantia or sierran redwoods |
biggest trees in the world volume wise found in central part serotenous cones that open with fire protected trees very old |
|
|
role of Yosemite and hetch hetchy project in the SanFran water supply |
dam built gravity flow aqueduct very good water dams and reservoirs in lower elevation |
|
|
Consequences of severely burned soil at 3 in. |
severe erosion, flooding, hard to regrow forest |
|
|
what forestry practice caused the rim rire |
a hunter's illegal fire winds made blaze grow big |
|
|
possible impacts of SanFran water supply |
fire crept toward reservoir |
|
|
what is plagio climax |
an area or habitat where the influences of humans have prevented the ecosystem from developing furter |
|
|
Where is the basin and range |
Between Sierra Nevada and Rockies |
|
|
what is special about the drainage in basin and range |
internal drainage |
|
|
internal drainage |
rivers do not make it to the ocean, they flow into the basin and dry up |
|
|
Humboldt river |
longest river in Nevada Just ends and does not go to ocean gives way to transportation |
|
|
what is a playa |
lowest spot in basin, water collects here, dry most of the year, bad soil |
|
|
what and where are the bonneville salt flats and great salt lake |
in Utah, has more salt than Pacific Ocean, biggest lake in U.S but shallow, has internal drainage with rivers flowing into it |
|
|
Where did the salt come from |
climate change |
|
|
where in the basin is there best soil |
alluvial fans |
|
|
horst |
structural highland bounded by parallel upthrows |
|
|
grabben |
structural lowland bounded by parallel faults with downthrows facing in |
|
|
why is death valley so how and dry |
1.7 in. of rain a year, lack of wind and water, lack of water which is normally used in evaporation but with no water then solar energy |
|
|
what are bristlecone pines
|
found in white inyo mountain, open when burned |
|
|
what are alluvial fans |
found at bottom of ranges where stream exit the mountain and enter basin, have good soil |
|
|
alluvial fans |
a fan shaped depositional feature of alluvium laid down by a stream issuing from a mountain canyon |
|
|
playa |
dry lakebed in basin |
|
|
an emphemeral stream |
a stream that carries water only during the wet season or during and immediately after it rains |
|
|
erosive patters of an epmphemeral stream |
few times these flows are intense will cause erosion, transportation, deposition. |
|
|
radial drainage |
pattern occurs when the tributaries flow radially outward and downward from a central topographic high. typical in volcanic cones and elevated domes |
|
|
antecedent drainage |
such a stream is believed to maintain its course across a developing fold or fault. |
|
|
dendritic drainage |
tree like, uniform rock resistance to fluvial incision |
