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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the complications of GABHS pharyngitis
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- peritonsilar abscess
- retropharyngeal abscess - cervical adenitis - OM - sinusitis - Post Strep GN - Rh fever. |
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Why are infants <3/12 given a full septic workup for fever
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- more likely to have a bacterial infection at this age
- immune system is naive - less able to control infection - harder to tell clinically whether they have a bacterial infection |
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what are the complications of catheterisation
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- Inappropriate size of catheter (failure to catheterise)
- Haematuria - Urethral injury - Bladder perforation - Urinary tract infection |
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what are the common side effects of opiates
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- respiratory depression
- vomiting - constipation - itch. |
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what are the CIs for using NSAIDs
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Gastro-intestinal ulceration, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease;
Liver dysfunction; Clotting coagulation abnormality or presence, or potential for active bleeding; Severe asthma or acute rhinitis, especially if exacerbated by aspirin; Renal disease, diuretic therapy or situations of decreased renal perfusion e.g. hypotension, hypovolemia; Some orthopaedic procedures, where bone healing may be compromised |
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where is LP performed
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L3-L4
- illiac crests - needle goes past the dura mater into the subarachnoid space |
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what are the complications of LP
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- post tap headache or nausea (most common)
- transient paraesthesia Serious - infection - herniation - epidural bleeding - nerve damage. |
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How do you determine if a urine sample is clean catch (mid stream)
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• Pure growth of organism vs. growth of more than one species
• Pyuria is present ( if micro-organisms present but no pyuria = contamination) • No squamous epithelium present • Specific gravity > 1.037 indicated possible contamination |
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what is the parklands formula for assessing fluid requirements after burns
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- % TBSA burn x weight x 4ml
NB. need catheterisation to measure urine output 1-2ml/kg. |
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what pain relief should be provided for burns
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<5% panadol or ibuprofen
>5% IV morphine |
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what is the general 1st AID principle for burns
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1. stop the burning process (eg. remove scalded clothes, put out fire)
2. cool the burned surface - water 15* for at least 30 minutes - start as soon as possible but has effect up to 3 hrs. |
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what are the principles of burns wound care
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1. avoid infection
2. keep moist 3. remove dead tissue. |
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how do you use a spacer?
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1. ensure good seal
2. 1 puff into spacer 3. either - one deep breath and hold for 5 seconds - 4 normal breaths in and out 4. repeat - 4-6 puffs <20kg; 10-12 puffs >20kg. rinse mouth out with water if using ICS |
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initial wound care for burns
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1. avoid infection - wash in chlorhexadine; silver based dressings
2. remove dead skin 3. keep moist |
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what must be done prior to vaccination
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1. get consent
- explain procedure, understands side effects (local reactions, flu like Sx, anaphylaxis) 2. check patient is fit and well - minor infection is OK 3. no contraindications - encephalopathy within 7 days of previous vaccination - previous severe alllergic or anaphylactic reaction |
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which vaccines should be given subcutaneously?
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Live or attenuated vaccines
- MMR, varicella, Influenza |
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what should be done if multiple vaccinations in the one day
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site should be at least 25mm apart to avoid local interaction
- don't give MMR and varicella on the same day |
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what details should be sent to the ACIR
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- all details of vaccinations to children under 7.
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what is makes up an asthma action plan
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when well
when not well - night time wheeze/cough. Sx when waking. reliever >3/week; interfering with normal activities. if Sx get worse |
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what are the 6 steps to good asthma control
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1. assess severity
2. achieve best lung function 3. maintian best lung function (avoid triggers) 4. maintain best lung function (optimise meds) 5. educate about asthma - action plan 6. review |
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how do long term ICS work in asthma?
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- reduce airway inflammation- reduce numbers of mast cells, t cell, lymphocytes in airway epithelium,
- therefore also reduce airway hyperresponsiveness |
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What is asthma?
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chronic inflammatory disease of the airway characterised by recurrent airway hypersensitivity,
- airway inflammation, - reversible bronchoconstriction, and mucus secretion. |
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what are the 5 reasons for failure to thrive?
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1. inadequate intake
2. inadequate absorption - bowel, pancreas, liver) 3. excessive losses (vomitting, diarrhea, DI) 4. inadequate utilisation (Endocrine - DM) 5. increased need (infection, chronic disease; increased BMR) |
