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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The urinary and reproductive systems develop from? |
The immediate mesoderm |
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How many kidney organ system do we have during embryogenesis ? Name them |
3 Pronephros Mesonephros Metanephros |
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PronephrosMesonephrosMetanephros What about these? |
In human being, 2 primitive kidney systems , the pronephros and mesonephros become vestigial but act as inducers of the definitive metanephric kidney |
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At about 34 weeks, The uretral bud arises from.... |
Arises from the mesonephric duct near it's junction with the cloaca. |
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About bilateral renal agenesis 1. Define 2. Familial or not 3. Which sex is more affected? F or M 4. Which amniotic fluid anomaly is present? 5. What else? 6. List 5 features of the potters Facies 7. What makes up the potter's syndrome 8 treatment |
1.there is a total absence of both kidneys 2. Non-familial 3. Male more 4. Oligohydramnions 5. Small for age, stillborn 6. Low set or malformed ears , prominent epicanthic folds, birdlike nose, small receding chin 7. Pulmonary Hypoplasia ( respiratory distress) , limb defect, Facies 8. No effective treatment is available, as even kidney transplant does not enhance survival |
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Define dysplasia |
Is a Histological term describing structural maldevelopment, disorganization and persistence of embryonic element e.g cartilage, smooth muscle. |
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Define oligomeganephronia |
Is a condition characterized by small kidneys with reduced number of nephrons which are abnormally large. |
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oligomeganephronia patients present with? |
Polyuria Vomiting Dehydration Salt wasting Concentration defect Proteinuria |
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Adult polycystic kidney disease Vs infantile polycystic kidney disease And autosomal inheritance |
Adult polycystic kidney disease - autosomal Dominant Infantile polycystic kidney disease - autosomal recessive |
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Location of the kidneys
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The metanephros during development ascends from its initial position at the level of the approximately 4th lumbar vertebrae to approximately the first lumbar vertebrae This is accompanied by medial rotation. Disturbances or arrest of this process can lead to abnormal position and shape of the kidneys and to their fusion across the the midline |
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Duplication of the ureter results from? |
Premature branching of the ureteral bud. It may be complete or partial. |
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Investigation for Diagnosis of duplication of the ureter |
Intravenous pyelogram |
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Complications that can raise form duplication of the ureter |
Reflux Hydroureter Hydronephrosis Dribbling of urine Recurrent infection |
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Prune - belly syndrome is triad of |
1. Absent abdominal muscles 2. Undescended testis 3. Urinary tract dilatation ( malformations ) |
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In children, ........ Are the commonest cause of obstruction to the urinary tract. |
Congenital anomalies |
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Causes of 1. Lower urinary tract obstruction 2. Upper urinary tract obstruction |
A. Lower urinary tract obstruction 1. Posterior urethral valves 2. Posterior urethral diverticulum 3. Bladder diverticulum 4. Anterior urethral valve 5. Anterior urethral diverticulum 6. Anterior urethral polyps 7. Urethral strictures 8. Urethral polyps 9. Meatal stenosis 10. Calculi B. Upper urinary tract obstruction 1. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction - intrinsic abnormalities, kinks, banda, etc 2. Ureteric stenosis 3. Ureterocele 4. Aberrant vessels 5. Fibrous bands 6. Ureteric valve |
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The commonest site of upper urinary tract obstruction is |
The Ureteropelvic junction |
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At any age, heamaturia following minor abdominal trauma is highly suggestive of |
Hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis secondary is Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is relatively common. Unilateral cases frequently involve the left kidney. |
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....... constituent the commonest cause of obstructive uropathy in male children |
Posterior urethral valves |
