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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathogens causing pneumonia in newborns ?
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Newborn -
GBS (mother's genital tract) Gram -ve enteroccoci |
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..infants and < 5 year olds
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< 5 years old
Virus and bacteria RSV Streptococcus pneumonia H influenza Bordatella pertussis Chlamysia Trachomatis Staph Aureus |
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> 5 years
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Atypical and Typical
Mycoplasma pneumonia Chlamydia pneumonia Streptococcus pneumonia |
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Clinical features
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Fever
Difficulty breathing URTI (preceded) Others - cough, lethargy, poor feeding |
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Clinical features
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Fever
Difficulty breathing URTI (preceded) Others - cough, lethargy, poor feeding |
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Features of pleural irritation..
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Localized chest pain
Abdominal pain Neck pain (Pleural irritation suggests bacterial infection) |
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Clinical examination..
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Tachypnoea (best clinical sign of pneumonia)
Nasal flaring Chest indrawing End inspiratory coarse crackles Decrease oxygen sat Often absent in young children (dullness on percussion, decrease breath sounds, bronchial breathing) |
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Can chest X-ray differentiate between bacterial and viral pneumonia?
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No
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Lobar consolidation on a CXR is a feature of ...
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Pneumococcal pneumonia
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How to identify viral causes in young children?
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Nasopharyngeal aspirate
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How to distinguish between Parapneumonic effusion and empyema?
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Do an ultrasound
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what are the indications for admission?
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Oxygen sat <93%
Severe Tachypnoea Difficulty breathing Grunting Apnoea Not feeding |
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What is the first choice oral antibiotic for CAP?
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Amoxicillin
(effective against most pathogens which cause CAP) |
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If there's no response to first line empirical treatment?
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Add Macrolides
(Azithromycin/Clarithromycine/Erythromycin) |
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What antibiotics should be used if atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma/chlamydia) or in severe disease?
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Macrolide
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What is the first choice oral antibiotic for CAP?
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Amoxicillin
(effective against most pathogens which cause CAP) |
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If there's no response to first line empirical treatment?
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Add Macrolides
(Azithromycin/Clarithromycine/Erythromycin) |
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What antibiotics should be used if atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma/chlamydia) or in severe disease?
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Macrolide
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What antibiotics should be used in pneumonia associated with influenza?
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Co-Amoxyclav
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