Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which of the following is the diagnostic test of choice for the evaluation of a patient suspected of secondary hypertension due to primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)?
A. chest x-ray B. renal scan C. serum electrolytes D. urinalysis for metanephrines |
(u) A. Chest x-ray may be used to evaluate a patient suspected of having coarctation of the aorta as a
cause of secondary hypertension. (u) B. A renal scan is indicated in the evaluation of a patient suspected of having secondary hypertension due to renal artery stenosis or fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries. (c) C. Patients having primary aldosteronism as a cause of their secondary hypertension are identified for this condition by finding unprovoked hypokalemia on the electrolyte testing. (u) D. Patients having secondary hypertension due to pheochromocytoma will have an increase in their urinary metanephrines on testing due to increased catecholamine production by this tumor. |
|
|
Which of the following electrocardiographic findings is the hallmark of pericarditis?
A. ST elevation B. prolonged Q-T interval C. atrial fibrillation D. tall peaked T waves |
(c) A. The hallmark of pericarditis is ST segment elevation throughout the precordium along with PR
segment depression. (u) B. Prolonged Q-T interval is typically the result of hypocalcemia or due to the use of medications. (u) C. Pericarditis is not related to the production of atrial fibrillation. (u) D. Tall peaked T waves are classically associated with hyperkalemia. |
|
|
Patients with heart failure may have a combination of systolic and diastolic failure. Which of the following
studies should be used in diagnosing this condition? A. radionuclide scanning B. echocardiogram C. exercise stress testing D. cardiac catheterization |
(u) A. Radionuclide scanning is primarily used for the evaluation of coronary artery disease as it is able to
assess areas of perfusion for the heart. (c) B. An echocardiogram is especially useful for assessing the dimensions of each cardiac chamber. Heart failure is usually associated with cardiac enlargement and the diagnosis should be questioned (but, not excluded) when all chambers are normal in size. Echocardiogram assesses the function of the various chambers along with the ejection fractions of the heart, which is important with systolic dysfunction. (u) C. Exercise stress testing is primarily used to assess a patient's cardiovascular status in response to exercise and is primarily a strategy involved in assessing patients for coronary artery disease, not congestive or chronic heart failure. (u) D. Cardiac catheterization has no role in the evaluation of a patient with CHF. It is used to assess the amount of coronary artery disease in a patient for whom revascularization surgery is being contemplated. |
|
|
The most accurate method of diagnosing thrombophlebitis of the lower leg is
A. impedance plethysmography. B. physical exam findings. C. Doppler ultrasound. D. venography. |
(u) A. See D for explanation.
(u) B. See D for explanation. (u) C. See D for explanation. (c) D. While impedance plethysmography, physical exam findings, and Doppler ultrasound are useful in diagnosing thrombophlebitis, venography is the most accurate method for diagnosis in the lower leg. |
|
|
The serum creatine phosphokinase-mB (CPK-MB) rises to a peak after an acute myocardial infarction
after how many hours? A. 4 - 6 B. 8 - 12 C. 18 - 20 D. 48 - 72 |
(u) A. See C for explanation.
(u) B. See C for explanation. (c) C. CPK-MB is found mainly in cardiac muscle. It begins to rise in 4 to 6 hours, peaks at 18 hours, and returns to normal in 48 hours. (u) D. See C for explanation. |
|
|
Which of the following enzymes is most specific for injury or death of the heart muscle?
A. troponin-I B. serum aldolase C. myoglobin D. alanine aminotransferase |
(c) A. Troponin-I is a regulatory protein in the troponin cardiac muscle complex. It is specific for
myocardium and is elevated in injury or death of the heart muscle. (u) B. Serum aldolase is elevated in skeletal muscle disorders, such as muscular dystrophies. (u) C. While myoglobin is elevated in heart muscle injury or death it is not specific. (u) D. Alanine aminotransferase is predominantly found in the liver and is elevated in disorders causing liver cell injury. |
