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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is a rigid form defined?
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having a definite shape
cannot be easily deformed if deformed, permanent damage |
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How is a semi-rigid form defined?
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has a defined shape
deformed by moderate force if deformed, flexes back |
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How is a flexible form defined?
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takes on shape of product
easily deformed when deformed, shapes to product |
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What are metal rigid closures?
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Threaded:
lug style, roll on, press on, crown, friction fit |
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Type: (name the use)
plug crown continuous thread roll on lug/interrupted thread press on |
uses:
wine beer bottles soda bottles beer jam/jelly baby food |
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What are the 7 performance properties?
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1. Containers per minute
2. Machinability 3. Coeff. of Friction 4. Body/dead-fold properties 5. Tear 6. Thermoforming 7. Use environment |
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What are horizontal and vertical form seal used for?
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Ketchup packages
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LDPE Fair Poor
HDPE Excellent Poor EVOH Poor Excellent PVDC Excellent Excellent – very flexible Nylon Poor Good PS Poor Poor – super clear PET Fair Good – coke bottles OPP Good Poor |
just read
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What is permeability? What are the units?
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Volume of gas or water through specified thickness over one day at STP
(mL)(mil)/(m^2)(24hrs) |
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What is coextrusion?
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combining the best properties together at the lowest price
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What are the 4 times of lamination?
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Wet bonding - when adhesive wet
Dry bonding - when adhesive dry Hot melt Extrusion |
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How are laminate constructions read?
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from outer to inner layers
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What does aseptic mean?
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Without bacteria
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What are the terms for thickness (plastics)?
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100 gauge = 1 mil = 0.001 inches
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What are the terms for thickness (paperboard)?
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1 point = 0.001 inches
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What are the terms for thickness (metals)?
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1 mil = 0.001 inches
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What is a micron?
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1 micron = 1 micrometer = 1 x 10^-6
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How many square feet is a ream of paper?
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3000 sq ft
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How would you figure out how thick the coating on paper is?
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if its 15#, it's 15#/ream or 15# per 3000 sq. ft
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REVIEW: What are the 4 sections of packaging?
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Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
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What are the 3 basic areas of testing?
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1. Quality Testing
2. Environmental Testing 3. Shipping and abuse |
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How is quality testing defined?
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using standard methods and machines to determine quality of materials or combinations of materials
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What is environmental testing?
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Uses fully made and approved package
Subject to world conditions Accelerated aging for every 10 deg C = 2x rxn rate |
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What are the advantages of shock & vibration testing?
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Short testing time
Uniformity |
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What are the 5 main organizations used for quality testing?
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ASTM
TAPPI FPA ABA ISTA |
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What standards must paper be made to meet?
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TAPPI conditions:
24 hrs: @ 73 deg +_ 3.5 @ 50 +- 2% humidity |
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What are a few of the paper tests?
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Tensile strength and elongation
Tear Mullen Burst Stiffness Opacity |
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What are a few of the tests for plastic?
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Gloss/haze/clarity
Slip/blocking/static Impact fatigue Flex resistance |
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What is permeability testing standards?
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cc/mil per day
@ 80 deg F @ 90% humidity |
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What do the digits in aluminum types mean?
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1st digit - type of alloy
2nd digits - purity |
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What are the 2 main tests for aluminum foil?
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Pinhole test and Wettability
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What are tests used for printing?
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Weight/gallon
Total solids viscosity |
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What is adhesion? What is a test for it?
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How well the ink sticks to the package
Scotch tape test |
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Why would you want to identify unknown packages?
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To replicate a competitors package
check for patent infringement |
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How do packaging companies do environmental testing?
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Controlled atmosphere chambers
Duplicate normal storage conditions Duplicate most extreme conditions |
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What are the 5 simulated shipping/abuse tests?
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1. drop
2. impact 3. vibration 4. compression 5. climactic conditions |
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What percentage of packages are dropped from 30" and above?
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~90%
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What is the average impact speed?
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~5 mph
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When does vibration occur?
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When the match the frequency of the truck
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How does overhang affect stacking strength?
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It reduces it as much as 46%
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How do multicomponent systems react to compression? Bulging? No pallets?
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Multicomponents:
if there's space, stepwise fail no space, everything together Bulging weakens package If no pallet, package becomes main support |
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What is the stacking factor?
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Stacking factor takes into account all aspects of the package to see how strong a package is
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What is PMMI?
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the packaging machinery and manufacturers institute
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What are the 4 options to increase line production?
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1. buy new equipment
2. fix old equipment 3. buy refurb equipment 4. hire contract packager |
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What is line speed?
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Line speed is how many containers are made per minute
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What is the slowest part on the line?
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the filler - determines line speed
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How do you calculate containers per minute?
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efficiency of each part times the containers per minute of slowest machine
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How does an accumulator help output?
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It 'backs up' the products after the slowest machine so the machines after can fun at their full potential
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What are advantages/disadvantages of custom machinery?
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You get what you want and can develop what you want BUT super expensive
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What are the two filler types (liquid)?
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1. Constant level
2. Constant Volume |
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How does constant volume affect the product? Constant level?
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Constant volume can make the product look 'bad' on the shelf
Constant level can giveaway |
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What are the 4 machines used for filling liquids?
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Vacuum filler
Gravity filler Pressure filler Piston filler |
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What are the 3 filler types (dry)?
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Volume
Weight Number Count |
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What are the benefits of net weight fillers? Gross weight fillers?
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Net weight is more precise
Gross weight has more of a chance to giveaway |
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How is packaging machinery defined?
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Uses packages but doesn't make them or print
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What is converting?
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Makes the package - not considered packaging
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just read
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Case packer Form/Fill/Seal
Accumulator Cartoner Conveyors Capper Unscramblers Gluer Stretch wrapper Taper/Stapler Shrink wrapper Labeler/ Code marker Palletizer Heat sealer Case sealer/loader Vacuum former |
