Pa2: Class 1

Front 1

What are the 6 main functions of the nervous system?

Back 1

1. Rapid Communication
2. Sensory input
3. Integration of sensory input into homeostatic
control and decisions
4. Motor output
5. Reflexes
6. Higher brain functions, homeostasis,
integration and coordination with other
systems (endocrine, muscular, etc.)

Front 2

What are the 2 parts to the CNS?

Back 2

Brain, spinal cord

Front 3

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

Back 3

Sensory (affect)
Motor (effect)

Front 4

What is a way to remember affect vs effect?

Back 4

affect literally means to influence, sensing something will influence an effect (doing something, like a motor action)

Front 5

What are the 2 subdivisions within sensory and motor?

Back 5

Visceral and somatic

Front 6

Which division contains sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions?

Back 6

Visceral motor

[PNS->Motor Division->Visceral motor]

Front 7

Sensory neurons do what and are part of which division of the nervous system?

Back 7

PNS; conduct signals from receptors to the CNS

Front 8

Interneurons are part of which nervous system and have what alternative name?

Back 8

Also called associated neurons they are part of the CNS (they are active btwn the steps of sensory and motor)

Front 9

Motor neurons do what and are part of which division of the nervous system?

Back 9

PNS; conduct signals from CNS to muscles or glands

Front 10

Sensory neurons are afferent or efferent?

Back 10

afferent

Front 11

Motor neurons are afferent or efferent?

Back 11

efferent [ME]

Front 12

What are the 4 main parts of the brain?

Back 12

1. Cerebrum: higher brain functions
2. Cerebellum: neuromuscular
coordination and proprioception
3. Brainstem
4. Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus,
epithalamus

Front 13

What are the 3 main parts of the Diencephalon?

Back 13

thalamus, hypothalamus,
epithalamus

Front 14

What are the 4 main parts of the cerebrum?

Back 14

From back to front..
1. Frontal lobes
2. Temporal lobes
3. Parietal lobes
4. Occipital

Front 15

Frontal lobe functions

Back 15

important for attention, executive
function, motivation, and behavior.

Front 16

Name some simple frontal lobe tests

Back 16

Tests for frontal lobe
function include working memory (digit span, spelling
backward), judgment, fund of knowledge, task organization
and set generation such as naming lists of things in a certain
category.

Front 17

Which lobe is important for emotional responses?

Back 17

Temporal

(amygdala and its connections to the hypothalamus and
frontal lobes) and memory (hippocampus and limbic
connections)

Front 18

What are the main test for temporal lobe?

Back 18

memory, specifically declarative (explicit events, facts)

Front 19

Which lobe(s) are responsible for language?

Back 19

Frontal (Broca's area) EXPRESSIVE

Frontal/Parietal (Wernicke's area, part of the brain where the frontal and parietal area meet) RECEPTIVE

Front 20

Parietal lobe functions

Back 20

perception and interpretation of sensory
information especially somatosensory information

Front 21

If pt presented with the *inability to identify objects by
tactile exploration*, which lobe is likely affected?

Back 21

Pt has Agnosia

Parietal Lobe

Front 22

If pt presented with the *inability to perform purposeful motor acts on command*, which lobe is likely affected?

to draw objects?

Back 22

Pt has Apraxia; Aprada

Parietal Lobe

Front 23

What are common test for the occipital lobe?

Back 23

visual fields
(see Cranial Nerve 2), naming of objects, naming of colors and recognition of faces

Front 24

Name 11 tests for the cerebrum and examples

Back 24

1. Orientation, memory (3 word sets, presidents)
2. Attention, working memory (spell backwards, name months of year backwards)
3. Judgement-Abstract reasoning (what would you do if a house was on fire?)
4. Set generation (give me a set of words that begin with T)
5. Receptive language (ask pt to follow commands)
6. Expressive language (naming objects, reading comprehension)
7. Praxis (perform tasks without visual cues - wink, pretend to drink from a straw)
8. Gnosis (place object in hand, or draw letter on their hand with eyes closed)
9. Dominant parietal lobe function (ID right index finger)
10. Non-dominant parietal lobe function (draw a clock)
11. Visual recognition (what color is this)

Front 25

Name 3 parts of the brainstem

Back 25

1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla Oblongata

Front 26

Describe the spinothalamic tract

sensory/motor?
afferent/efferent?
origination? ant or post?
white or gray matter?
type of info it transmits?
transmits to where?
receive input from what fibers?
innervate what?

Back 26

The spinothalamic tract is a sensory (afferent) pathway originating in the spinal cord.

It transmits information to the thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch. [Cone: Light touch]

The cell bodies of neurons that make up the spinothalamic tract are located within the anterior portion of the spinal cord (white matter). These neurons receive input from sensory fibers that innervate the skin and internal organs.

Front 27

Describe dorsal column pathway (DCML)

Back 27

sensory pathway responsible for transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex

Front 28

Dorsal or spinothalamic...

[Cone: Visceral/Deep touch]

Back 28

Dorsal

Front 29

Dorsal or spinothalamic...

Cone: Light touch

Back 29

Spinothalamic

Front 30

Transmits to the thalamus

Back 30

Spinothalamic

Front 31

Transmits to the cerebral cortex

Back 31

Dorsal

Front 32

Pain, temperature, itch

Back 32

Spinothalamic

Front 33

Pressure

Back 33

Spinothalamic

Front 34

Dorsal column test on dermatomes with high/low freq tuning fork?

Back 34

Low freq vibrations; distally or all dermatones

can also use pressure

"Tell me if you feel this vibrating" [control test by stopping fork before placing on pt]

Front 35

Spinalthalamic test using what diag instruments

Back 35

pin (pain), bristles (light touch)

Front 36

Away from the body (add or abduction)?

Back 36

ABduction [to abduct someone is to take them away from their home]

Front 37

Towards the body's midline (add or abduction)?

Back 37

ADduction [you are adding mass to your core body]

Front 38

Muscle strength nerve root

Biceps

Back 38

C5-C6

Front 39

Muscle strength nerve root

Braciolradialis

Back 39

C5-C6

Front 40

Triceps

Back 40

C7

Front 41

Finger Flexors

Back 41

C8

Front 42

Finger AB and thumb opp

Back 42

T1

Front 43

Hip flexion

Back 43

L2

Front 44

Knee extention

Back 44

L3

Front 45

Knee flexion

Back 45

L4

Front 46

Ankle dorsiflextion (muscle strength nerve root)

Back 46

L5 [flex up]

Front 47

Ankle plantar flexion

Back 47

S1 [flex down]

Front 48

Mnemonic for functions of cranial nerves (sensory vs motor or both)

Back 48

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

Front 49

Mnemonic for cranial nerves

Back 49

Old Opie Opted To Travel Aboard Famous Vegas, Gaffawing Vixen, Accessorizing Hippos!


OLd OPrah's OCcupation: TROpical TRIps ABoard FAmous VESsels, GLamorous VAcations, ACCumulating HYPe

Front 50

Mnemonic for 1-6 cranial nerves

Back 50

You have 1 nose, 2 eyes, and 3,4,6 makes my eyes do tricks! :This rhyme will help to remember Cranial nerve I is olfactory,II is optic and also to remember that III,IV & VI are nerves that innervate extraocular muscles attached to the eyeballs ie., cranial nerves III,IV & VI make our eyes move.