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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanics of ventilation (4)
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supply O2 to body
remove CO2 as waste maintain acid-base balance of arterial blood maintain heat exchange |
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what is another name for the angle of louis. location?
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manubriosternal. 2nd rib
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the costal angle should be ___ degrees or less
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90. more than 90 means an over-inflated lung (ie epmhesema)
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what feels like a heart attack but isn't? how to determine it is not?
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inflammation of costal cartilage. the area will be inflamed and hurt when pressed.
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where is the bifurcation of the trachea?
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angle of louis
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right atrium location?
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angle of louis
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costal cartilage connects?
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1st 7 ribs to sternum
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which ribs are free floating
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11 &12
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what should you avoid during CPR?
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xiphoid process
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Where is the vertebra prominens?
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C7
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Where is the inferior border of the scapula?
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7th or 8th rib
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Why is the right lung shorter?
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because the present of the liver
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What is it important to remember to check on the right lung?
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Right middle lobe
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these structures represent what are of the thorax?
esophagus trachea heart main bronchi |
mediasteinum
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right pleural cavity/left pleural cavity
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right lung/left lung
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costodiaphragmatic recess
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little area at bottom of right lung where fluid can build
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what lines the exterior of the lungs and the interior of the thoracic cavity?
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parietal(thorax) & visceral(attached to lung) pleura
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smokers tend to cough more frequently during...
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the morning
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pneumonia is denoted by a...
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hacking cough
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cardiac problem is denoted by a...
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dry cough
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congested cough is denoted by a...
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bronchitis, cold cough
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people who cough in the afternoon is probably..
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being exposed to an irritant
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Orthopnea
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increased dyspnea when lying down.
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Orthopnea is an indicator of
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left sided heart failure
pulmonary hypertension chronic bronchitis or emphysema obesity |
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Hymoptysis
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coughing up blood (can be coming from nose or abdomen) TB? Pulmonary?
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pack years
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how many packs a day X number of years smoking
(measurement of smoking history) |
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tachypnea
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more than 24 breaths/min
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bradynpea
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less than 10 breaths/min
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purple around the lips means...
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not getting enough oxygenation
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increased rate and depth of breathing is
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hyperventilation. diabetic with ketoacidocis
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30-45 seconds of normal breathing, then 20 seconds of apnea
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Cheyne-Stokes
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Cheyne-stokes breathing can indicate...
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increased intercranial pressure
renal failure congestive heart failure |
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blowing out their air, before taking a new breath. prolonged expiration.
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chronic obstructive breathing, seen in emphysema
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Breathing similar to cheyne-stokes breathing, but more irregular?
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Biot's
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Biot's breathing is seen in patients with?
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heat stroke
head trauma |
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barrel chesting denotes
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum are affectations of
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the sternum. excavatum(depressed) carinatum (convex)
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Kyphosis
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rounding of the upper spine, usually in older age
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an asymmetric expansion of the posterior chest can indicate
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atelectasis (lobar obstruction)
significant pneumonia |
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increased density of the lung can be indicated by
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tactile fremitus ("99")
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What do you want to hear when your percussing the chest?
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resonance
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Louder and deeper sounds are created by
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open lighter spaces (like you want your lungs to be)
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Should tympany be heard in the lungs?
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NO!
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Diaphragmatic excursion
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is the measurement between 3-5 cm and is the area of change between inflated and deflated lung. Right side should be lower because the liver is pushing down the diaphram.
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Normal Breath Sounds:
exhalation = inhalation locations, post: along upper spine ant: along sternum |
bronchiovesicular
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Normal Breath Sounds:
inhalation > exhalation locations, post: btwn spine and scapula ant: where you think lungs would be |
vesicular
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Normal Breath Sounds:
exhalation > inhalation in trachea area only |
bronchial
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crackles/rales
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at end of breath
fluid in the lungs, unable to be cleared by lungs (pneumonia/congestive heart failure) |
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medium to coarse crackles
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sounds like velcro at beginning of inspiration
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sonorous wheezes
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mostly during exhale, sounds like snore. airflow is a bit blocked.
bronchitis |
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sibilant wheezes
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musical, squeeky.
asthma |
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strider
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high pitched crowing sound
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bronchophony
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"99" is clearer rather than muffled
pneumonia |
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egophony
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"E" changes to "A" sound
pneumonia |
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whispered pectoriloquy
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louder clear whispered "99" rather than faint or absent sound.
pneumonia |
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - midline tactile fremitus - normal percussion - resonant breath sounds - vesicular, except over bronchi/trachea adventitious sounds - none |
Normal Lung
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - may be shifted toward one side tactile fremitus - absent percussion - dull breath sounds - usually absent over bronchi/trachea adventitious sounds - none |
Atelectasis - Lobar Obstruction
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - midline tactile fremitus - increased over involved area (bronchophony/egophony/whispered pectoriloquy) percussion - dull over airless area breath sounds - bronchial over involved area adventitious sounds - late inspiratory crackles over involved area |
Consolidation aka Pneumonia (liquid)
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - midline tactile fremitus - normal percussion - resonant breath sounds - vesicular, except over bronchi/trachea adventitious sounds - none or scattered coarse crackles in early inspiration and perhaps expiration or wheezes and rhonchi |
Bronchitis (lots of mucus secretion)
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - midline tactile fremitus - decreased percussion - hyperresonant breath sounds - decreased->absent adventitious sounds - none or scattered coarse crackles in early inspiration and perhaps expiration or wheezes and rhonchi. associated with chronic bronchitis |
Emphysema (trapped air in aveoli)
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - midline tactile fremitus - decreased percussion - resonant to hyperresonant breath sounds - usu. obscured by wheezes adventitious sounds - wheezes, probably crackles |
Asthma
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - shifted towards opposite side in large presentation of this tactile fremitus - decreased->absent percussion - dull to flat over fluid breath sounds - decreased to absent, but bronchial sounds may be heard near top of large effusion adventitious sounds - none, possible rub |
Pleural Effusion (fluid in pleura)
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - shifted towards opposite side if a lot of air tactile fremitus - decreased->absent over pleural air percussion - hyperresonant->tympanic over pleural air breath sounds - decreased->absent over pleural air adventitious sounds - none, possible pleural rub |
Pneumothorax
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difference between pleural effusion and pneumothorax?
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percussion results: dull in pleural effusion, hyperresonant/tympanic in pnemothorax
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guess the lung condition:
trachea - midline tactile fremitus - decreased percussion - resonant breath sounds - vesicular adventitious sounds - late inspiratory crackles in the dependent portions of the lungs; possibly wheezes |
Congestive Heart Failure
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