Pa Anatomy Term Quiz 2

Front 1

Demineralization

Back 1

the loss of calcium and other materials from bone extracellular matrix

Front 2

Osteopenia

Back 2

reduced bone mass due to a decrease in the rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone resorption; any decrease in bone mass below normal

Front 3

Osteosarcoma

Back 3

bone cancer that primarily affects the osteoblasts and occurs most often in teenagers during growth spurt

Front 4

Orthopedics

Back 4

the branch of medical science concerned with the prevention or correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Front 5

Vertebral Body

Back 5

thick, disc-shaped anterior portion of the weight-bearing part of a vertebra

Front 6

Vertebral Arch

Back 6

two short, thick processes, the pedicles that project posteriorly from the vertebral body and unite with the flat laminae, extends posteriorly from the body of the vertebra

Front 7

Atlas

Back 7

(C1), a ring of bone with anterior and posterior arches and large lateral masses, lacks a body and a spinous process

Front 8

Axis

Back 8

(C2), has a vertebral body, peg-like process called the dens or odontoid process projects superiorly through the anterior portion of vertebral foramen

Front 9

Caudal Anesthesia

Back 9

anesthetic agents that act on the sacral and cocygeal nerves and injected through the sacral hiatus

Front 10

Craniotomy

Back 10

surgical procedure in which part of the cranium is removed

Front 11

Laminectomy

Back 11

surgical procedure to remove a vertebral lamina

Front 12

Spinal Fusion

Back 12

surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae of the vertebral column are stabilized with a bone graft or synthetic device

Front 13

Pectoral Girdles

Back 13

a clavicle and a scapula that attach the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Front 14

Metacarpis

Back 14

the intermediate region of the hand that consists of five bones

Front 15

Phalanges

Back 15

bones of the digits that make up the distal part of the hand

Front 16

Bony Pelvis

Back 16

the complete ring composed of the hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, and coccyx that forms a deep basin-like structure

Front 17

Pelvimetry

Back 17

the measurement of the size of the inlet and outlet of the birth canal, which may be done by ultrasound or physical exam

Front 18

Runner's Knee

Back 18

Patellofemoral stress syndrome, when patella does not track normally and instead does so laterally as well as the normal superior and inferior movement

Front 19

Metataurus

Back 19

the intermediate region of the foot

Front 20

Flatfoot

Back 20

weakened tendons and the ligaments in arch of foot cause a decrease or fall in arch

Front 21

Clubfoot

Back 21

an inherited deformity in which the foot is twisted inferiorly and medially and the angle of arch is increased

Front 22

Hallux Valgus

Back 22

angulation of the great toe away from the midline of the body, typically caused by wearing tight shoes, also called a bunion

Front 23

Arthrology

Back 23

the study of joints

Front 24

Kinesiology

Back 24

the study of the motion of the human body

Front 25

Sutures

Back 25

a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue: occur only between bones of the skull

Front 26

Arthroscopy

Back 26

used in surgical repair of torn cartilage, a lighted, pencil-thin fiber optic camera is used for visualizing the nature and extent of the damage

Front 27

Bursitis

Back 27

an acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa caused by irritation from repeated, excessive exertion of a joint

Front 28

Flexion

Back 28

a decrease in the angle between articulating bones

Front 29

Extension

Back 29

an increase in the angle between articulating bones

Front 30

Abduction

Back 30

the movement of bone away from the midline

Front 31

Adduction

Back 31

the movement of bone toward the midline

Front 32

Dislocated Knee

Back 32

the displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

Front 33

Arthroplasty

Back 33

when joints that have been severely damaged by diseases are replaced surgically with artificial joints

Front 34

Arthralagia

Back 34

pain in a joint

Front 35

Fascia

Back 35

a dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and supports and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body

Front 36

Myoglobin

Back 36

a red-colored protein founding the sarcoplasm and only found in muscle that binds oxygen molecules that diffuse into muscle fibers from interstitial fluid

Front 37

Myofibrils

Back 37

the contractile organelles of skeletal muscle

Front 38

Myofilaments

Back 38

within myofibrils; contain thin and thick filaments, composed of actin and myosin, directly involved in contractile process

Front 39

Rigor Mortis

Back 39

condition in which muscles are in a state of rigidity

Front 40

Motor End Plate

Back 40

the region of the sarcolemma opposite the synaptic end bulbs

Front 41

Botulinum Toxin

Back 41

produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum, blocks exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the NMJ

Front 42

Motor Unit

Back 42

a somatic motor neuron plus all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates

Front 43

Spasticity

Back 43

increased muscle tone (stiffness) associated with an increase in tendon reflexes and pathological reflexes

Front 44

Anabolic Steriods

Back 44

steroid hormones similar to testosterone that are taken to increase muscle size by increasing the synthesis of proteins in muscle

Front 45

Enteric Plexuses

Back 45

extensive networks of neurons located in the walls of organs of the GI tract, help to regulate

Front 46

Dendrites

Back 46

receiving or input portions of a neuron

Front 47

Axon

Back 47

propagates nerve impulses toward another neuron, a muscle fiber, or a gland cell

Front 48

Neuroglia

Back 48

what makes up half the volume of the CNS, active participant in the activities of nervous tissue, multiply to fill in the spaces formerly occupied by neurons in injury

Front 49

Myelin Sheath

Back 49

a multilayered lipid and protein covering around some axons that insulates them and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Front 50

Ganglion

Back 50

a cluster of neuronal cell bodies located in the PNS

Front 51

Nucleus

Back 51

a cluster of neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS

Front 52

Nerve

Back 52

a bundle of axons that is located in the PNS

Front 53

Tract

Back 53

a bundle of axons that is located in the CNS

Front 54

Bone Grafting

Back 54

a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex