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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vital Capacity (VC)
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The maximal volume of air expelled from the lungs after maximal inhalation
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Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
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The sum of vital capacity and residual volume
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Tidal Volume
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The amount of air inspired or expired during a normal breathing cycle
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Spirometry
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The measurement of lung volumes and capacities
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Respiratory pump
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Passive movement of blood through the central circulation as a function of pressure changes during breathing
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Respiratory membrane
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The membrane separating alveolar air and blood, composed of the alveolar wall, the capillary wall, and their basement membranes
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Respiratory Centers
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Autonomic centers located in the medulla oblongata and the pons that establish breathing rate and depth
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Residual Volume (RV)
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The amount of air that cannot be exhaled from the lungs
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Pulmonary ventilation
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The movement of gases into and out of the lungs
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Pulmonary diffusion
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The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
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Partial Pressure
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The pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture of gases
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Oxygen diffusion capacity
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The rate at which oxygen diffuses from one place to another
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Myoglobin
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A compound similar to hemoglobin, but found in muscle tissue, that carries oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria
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Internal respiration
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The exchange of gases between the blood and tissues
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Inspiration
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The active process involving the diaphragm and the external intercostals muscles that expands the throatic dimensions and thus the lungs. The expansion decreases pressure in the lungs, allowing outside air to rush in
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Henry's law
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Law stating that gases dissolve in liquids in proportion to their partial pressures, depending also on their solubilities in the specific fluids and on the temperature
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hemoglobin
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The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen
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Frick's Law
VO2 = Q x (a-v) O2 difference |
Law stating that net diffusion rate of a gas across a fluid membrane is proportional to the difference in partial pressure, proportional to the area of membrane, and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane
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External Respiration
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The process of bringing air into the lungs and the resulting exchange of gas between the alveoli and the capillary blood
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Expiration
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The process by which air is forced out of the lungs through relaxation of the inspiratory muscles and elastic recoil of the lung tissue, which increase the pressure in the thorax
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Boyle's gas Law
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at a constant temperature, the number of gas molecules in a given volume depends on the pressure
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arterial-venous oxygen difference
(a-v)O2 diff |
The difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood at the tissue level
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arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference
(a-v)O2 diff |
The difference in oxygen content between arterial and mixed venous blood, which reflects the amount of oxygen removed by the whole body
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