P409 Ergogenic Aids And Sport (Vocab Only)

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Amino Acids

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The chief components of proteins that are synthesized by living cells or are obtained by the body through the diet

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Amphetamine

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A central nervous system stimulant proposed to have ergogenic properties

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Anabolic Steroids

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Prescription drug with anabolic (growth stimulating) characteristics of testosterone, taken by some athletes to increase body size, muscle mass, and strength

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B-blockers

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A class of drugs that block transmission of neural impulses from the SNS

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Bicarbonate Loading

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Ingesting bicarbonate to elevate blood pH with hopes of delaying fatigue by increasing the capacity to buffer acids

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Blood Doping

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Any means by which a person's total volume of red blood cells or use of erythropoitien

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Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA)

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Specific amino acids---leucine, isoleucine, and valine--- that have been postulated to work in combination L-tryptophan to delay fatigue, primarily through CNS mechanisms

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Caffeine

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A CNS stimulant believed by some athletes to have ergogenic properties

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Creatine

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A substance found in skeletal muscles most commonly in the form of PCr.

Supplements often used as ergogenic aids because they are theorized to increase PCr levels, thus enhancing the ATP-PCr energy system by better maintaining muscle ATP levels

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Diuretics

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Substances that promote water excretion

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Ephedrine

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a sympathomimetic amine derived from ephedra herbs (ma huang) and is used as a decongestant and as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma

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Ergogenic

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Able to improve work or performance

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Ergolytic

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Able to impair work or performance

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Erythropietin (EPO)

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The hormone that stimulates erythrocyte (red blood cell) production

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Hormonal Agents

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A group of hormones proposed to have ergogenic properties

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Human Growth Hormone(hGH)

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A hormone that promotes anabolism and is believed by some athletes to improve performance

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L-carnitine

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A substance important for fatty acid metabolism because it assits on the transfer of fatty acids from cytosol (the fluid portion of the cytoplasm) across the inner mitochondrial membrane for B-oxidation

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L-tryptophan

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An essential amino acid that has been proposed to increase aerobic endurance performance through its effects in the CNS

Theoretically acts as an analgesic and delays fatigue

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Nutritional Agents

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Nutritional substances proposed to have ergogenic benefits

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Oxygen supplementation

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The breathing of supplemental oxygen

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Pharmacological agents

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A group of drugs proposed to have ergogenic properties

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Phosphate Loading

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The practice of ingesting sodium phosphate,

proposed effect desired is same as bicarbonate loading, but less dangerous

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Phosphocreatine (PCr)

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An energy-rich compound that plays a critical role in providing energy for muscle action by maintaining ATP concentration

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Physiological Agents

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A group of agents normally present in the body that have been proposed to have ergogenic properties

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Placebo

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An inactive substance, usually provided in a manner identical to that for an active substance, typically to test for real results produced but the test substance verses equally real results of physiological origin

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Placebo Effect

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An effect produced by the subject's expectations after administration of an inactive substance