P304 Exam 2

Front 1

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Back 1

the tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups

Front 2

Illusory correlation

Back 2

an overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

Front 3

Contrast effect

Back 3

the tendency to perceive stimuli that differ from expectations as being even more different than they really are

Front 4

Superordinate goals

Back 4

a shared goal that can be achieved through cooperation among individuals or groups

Front 5

Realistic Conflict Theory

Back 5

the theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources

Front 6

Attitude

Back 6

a positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea

Front 7

Persuasion

Back 7

the process by which attitudes are changed

Front 8

Inoculation hypothesis

Back 8

the idea that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument increases later resistance to that argument

Front 9

Psychological reactance

Back 9

the theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive

Front 10

Insufficient justification

Back 10

a condition in which people freely perform an attitude-discrepant behavior without receiving a large award

Front 11

conformity

Back 11

the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms

Front 12

informational influence

Back 12

influence that produces conformity when a person believes others are correct in their judgments

Front 13

normative influence

Back 13

influences that produces conformity when a person fears the negative social consequences of appearing deviant

Front 14

private conformity

Back 14

the change of beliefs that occurs when a person privately accepts the position taken by others

Front 15

public conformity

Back 15

a superficial change in overt behavior, without a corresponding change of opinion, produced by real or imagined group pressure

Front 16

obedience

Back 16

behavior change produced by the commands of authority

Front 17

compliance

Back 17

changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests

Front 18

subtyping

Back 18

placing people into more specific groups beneath a broad one based off of observation

Front 19

implicit association test

Back 19

designed to measure the strength of automatic association between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory. It requires the rapid categorization of various stimulus objects, such that easier pairings (and faster responses) are interpreted as being more strongly associated in memory than more difficult pairings

Front 20

Social Role theory

Back 20

This is the principle that men and women behave differently in social situations and take different roles, due to the expectations that society puts upon them

Front 21

Norm of Reciprocity

Back 21

the social expectation that people will respond to each other in kind—returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms

Front 22

2 key errors in judgment based on social categorization

Back 22

overestimate differences between groups and underestimate differences within groups

Front 23

2 main reasons of existence for OHE

Back 23

don't notice little differences subtle differences among outgroups b/c little personal contact and people often do not encounter a representative sample of outgroup members

Front 24

entity vs incremental theorists

Back 24

e-relatively fixed social groups
i-dynamic and less fixed

Front 25

Jussim's general answer

Back 25

overstated the inaccuracy of stereotypes

Front 26

Stone Basketball Study

Back 26

white boy-intelligence
black boy-athleticism