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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the standard general prophylaxis regimen for dental , oral, or respiratory tract procedures?
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Amoxicillin
Adults: 2 g PO 1 hr before procedure Children: 50 mg/ kg orally Ampicillin is NOT absorbed as well as amoxicillin PO |
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If unable to take oral medications for standard general prophylaxis...
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Ampicillin
Adults: 2 g IM or IV within 30 min before procedure Children: 50 mg/ kg IM or IV |
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Options for general prophylaxis if allergic to Penicillin
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1. Clindamycin
Adult: 600 mg PO 1 hr before procedure Children: 20 mg/ kg 2. Cephalexin (Keflex) or Cefadroxil (Duricef) Adult: 2 g PO 1 hr before procedure Children: 50 mg/ kg orally 3. Azithromycin (Zithromax) or Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Adult: 500 mg PO 1 hour before procedure Children: 15 mg/ kg orally |
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If allergic to PCN and unable to tolerate oral medications
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1. Clindamycin
Adult: 600 mg IV Children: 25 mg/ kg IV within 30 min before procedure or 2. Cefazolin Adult: 1 g IV or IM Children: 25 mg/ kg IM or IV Within 30 min before procedure |
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What people are at the highest risk for bacterial endocarditis; therefore, they qualify for preventative antibiotics before certain procedures
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1. Artificial heart valve (bioprosthetic or homograft valves)
2. Previous bacterial endocarditis 3. Certain congenital heart diseases (single ventricle states, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot) 4. Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease 5. Congenital heart disease with transcatheter device 6. Repaired congenital heart disease with defects still remaining |
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Pen VK
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Tablets: 250 and 500 mg
Oral Solution: 125 and 250 mg/ 5 mL ALL PO PCN best taken on empty stomach (increases absorption) |
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Amoxicillin
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Capsules: 250 and 500 mg
Tabs: 500 and 875 mg Chewable: 125 and 250 mg Powder for Susp: 50 mg/ mL drops Powder for Susp: 125, 250, 400 mg/ 5mL |
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Aminopenicillin
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Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Usually TID (Q8H) Prophylactic dose for bacterial endocarditis before dental or other procedures on selected patients |
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MOXATAG
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MOXATAG 775 mg tab QD
once daily amoxicillin Use: tonsillitis and/ or pharyngitis secondary pyogenes in adults and pediatrics 12 years and older |
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Augmentin
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Tablets: 250, 500, 875 mg Amoxicillin + 125 mg Clavulanic acid
XR: 1000 mg Amoxicillin + 62.5 mg Clavulanic acid ES-600 Susp: 600 mg Amoxicillin + 42.9 mg Clavulanic/ tsp NOTE: Take PC or at start of meal to minimize GI upset NOTE: Do NOT break in half or double up |
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Unasyn
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Ampicllin/ Sulbactam
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Timentin
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Ticarcillin/ Clavulanate
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Zosyn
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Piperacillin/ Tazobactam
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Ampicillin
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Caps: 250 and 500 mg
Powder for oral Susp: 125 mg/ 5mL and 250 mg/ 5 mL Dose: (QID-Q6H) vs Amoxicillin (TID- Q8H) NOT to be used PO for dental prophylaxis of endocarditis |
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Dicloxacillin
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Capsules: 250 and 500 mg PO
Indicated for treatment of infections caused by Penicillinase-producing staphylococci Adult: 250 mg PO QID (Q6H) x 10 days (Take on empty stomach) |
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Kelfex
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Cephalexin
Capsules: 250, 500, 750 mg Take with food or milk (GI upset) |
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Ceftin
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Cefuroxime axetil: 250 and 500 mg BID PO and oral suspension
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide (inhibit bacterial protein synthesis)
Adult: 1 g PO QD Take with food, milk, or water Delayed GI effects: diarrhea, cramps, and N/V Enterohepatic re-cycling- also binds to gut Motolin receptors to CAUSE molility QID= Q 6 H (dosed equally spaced) Similar to Clindamycin Forms: E. C. , stearate, ethylsuccinate, Ery-Tab (DR), PCE, ophthalmic ointment |
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Zithromax
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Azithromycin
Macrolide (inhibit bacterial protein synthesis) Tablets: 250, 500, 600 mg Susp: 100 mg/ 5mL and 200 mg/ 5 mL Zpak (6x 250mg) Tri-Pak (3x 500mg) ZMAX (ER suspension2 gram single-dose) Azasite eye drops Macrolide with enhanced tissue penetration MAC prophylaxis: two 600 mg tabs once a week (primarily HIV) |
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Biaxin
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Clarithromycin
Macrolide (inhibit bacterial protein synthesis) Tablets: 250 and 500 mg, 500 mg XL XL Pak: 14 tabs Susp: 125 mg and 250 mg/ 5 mL Macrolide with highest oral bioavailability Active metabolite- Potential for drug interactions At home: store susp. at room temp. If refrigerated, ti becomes bitter, thicker, and harder to pour H. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence Used in triple therapy and dual therapy with omeprazole/ amoxicillin, omeprazole, or ranitidine bismuth citrate |
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Ketek
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Telithromycin- similar chemically to macrolides
Tablet: 400mg tablet ADR: visual disturbances (blurred vision), fatal hepatotoxicity, ... |
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Names for Doxycycline
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Vibramycin
Doryx Periostat Monodox Oracea no dose adjustment for renal impairment Phototoxicity (Stay out of the sun) |
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Names for Minocycline
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Minocin
Solodyn ER Phototoxicity (Stay out of the sun) |
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Tetracycline
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Susp: 125 mg/ 5 mL
Tab: 250 , 500mg Take on empty stomach Phototoxicity (Stay out of the sun) |
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Vibramycin
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Tetracycline
caps and tabs: 50, 75, 100 mg Liq: 25, 50 mg/ 5mL Phototoxicity (Stay out of the sun) |
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Minocylcine
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Caps: 50, 75, 100 mg
Solodyne ER tablets: 45, 65, 90, 115, 135 (for acne Vulgaris) Interactions (chelation): Ca2+ (milk), other polyvalent cations (Ferrous, Zn, Bismuth, Mg, or Al) Most lipophilic tetracycline Phototoxicity (Stay out of the sun) |
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Declomycin
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Demeclocycline: 150 and 300 mg tabs
Treatment for SIADH MOA: Decreases anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) action in the kidney |
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Cipro
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FQ- Ciprofloxacin (BID)
Tabs: 250, 500, 750 mg XR Tabs: 500, 100 mg Black Box Warning: tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages Interactions: antacids, minerals, other polyvalent cations Counseling: Avoid sun Avoid in pregnancy, nursing, and patients <18 years old |
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Levaquin
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FQ- Levofloxacin (QD)
Tabs: 250, 500, 750 mg Oral solution: 25 mg/ mL Black Box Warning: tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages Interactions: antacids, minerals, other polyvalent cations Counseling: Avoid sun Avoid in pregnancy, nursing, and patients <18 years old |
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Avelox
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FQ- Moxifloxacin (QD)
Tabs: 400 mg ABC Pack: 5 tablets Don't need to use cockcroft and Gault formula (Hepatically metabolized) Black Box Warning: tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages Interactions: antacids, minerals, other polyvalent cations Counseling: Avoid sun Avoid in pregnancy, nursing, and patients <18 years old |
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Inhibits microbial DNA gyrase and bacterial topoisomerase IV to varying degrees
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Quinolones
Black Box Warning: tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages Interactions: antacids, minerals, other polyvalent cations Counseling: Avoid sun Avoid in pregnancy, nursing, and patients <18 years old |
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Vigamox
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Moxifloxacin ophthalmic product
Bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Quixin
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Levofloxacin ophthalmic product
Bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Septrim
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Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (SMZ/ TMP)
DS tablets: 800 mg SMZ/ 160 mg TMP SS tablets: 400 mg SMZ/ 80 mg TMP Susp: 200 SMZ/ 40 mg TMP per tsp Dose based on TMP component USE: Nocardia, opportunisitic infections in HIV (PCP, toxoplasmosis) Take with lots of water, stay out of sun Take with food to prevent GI problems Alternative tx: Dapsone |
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Dapsone
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sometimes used in sulfa-intolerant patients
tabs: 25 and 100 mg alternative for Bactrim USE: leprosy or Dermatitis Herpetiformis |
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Flagyl
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Metronidazole
Tabs: 250, 500 mg ER Tabs: 750 mg ER Caps: 375 mg Active against anaerobic bacteria, Trichomonas and Protozoa: Amedba and Giardia Lamblia. For Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella) Does NOT cover Monilla MOA: enters bacterium cell, reduces nitro group, the reduced product is cytotoxic at RNA, DNA, cellular proteins of the organism ADR: metallic or bad taste, N/V NO Alcohol! (disulfiram rxn) |
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MetroGel Topical Gel
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Metronidazole gel for acne Rosacea
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MetroGel Vaginal Gel
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Metronidazole gel
used to treat diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile (however it sometimes causes it) |
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Rifadin
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Rifampin
Caps: 150 and 300 mg MOA: Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial replication USE: T.B., meningococcal carriers Take 600 mg QD 1 hr before or 2 hr after food with a full glass of water Red urine, tears, sweat, body fluids CYP- 450 inducer |
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Rifamate
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Rifampin/ Isoniazid
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Isoniazid
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INH
Tabs: 100, 300 mg Syrup: 50 mg/ 5mL USE: Anti-TB agent Compliance: Hepatotoxicity Caution: Peripheral neuropathy Role of Pyridoxine (Vitamine B6) |
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Lamisil
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Terbinafine (Anti fungal)
250 mg tablet PO QD Fingernail onychomycosis: 250 mg/ day x 6 weeks Toenail: 250 mg/ day x 12 weeks Topical Cream (OTC): Lamisil AT 1% Cream and Spray MOA: inhibits squalene epoxidase, blocking synthesis of ergosterol, compenent of fungal cell wall Caution: Liver impairment (Get LFT before starting) |
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Nizoral
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Ketoconazole
Tablets: 200 mg Cream: MOA: Impairs synthesis of ergosterol, the main sterol of fungal cell membranes, allowing increased permeability and leakage of cellular components Black Box Warning: Hepatotoxicity Take with Coca-Cola (pH 2.5) to acidify gastric contents (NEEDS Gastric pH <3) Can be used for treatment of prostate cancer Potent CYP-450 3A4 Inhibitor Compare to Clotrimazole Troches (Mycelex) |
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Mycelex
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Clotrimazole Troches
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Sporanox
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Itraconazole
Capsule: 100 mg (take immediately after full meal) PuslePak: 7 blister packs x 4 capsules each Solution: 10 mg/ mL (taken without food) CANNOT interchange capsules and solution Needs low Gastric pH for absorption USE: Opportunistic infection in HIV (candidiasis) or Onychomycosis Toenails: 200mg (2 caps) PO QD x 12 weeks Fingernails: 2 pulses for fingers 1 Pulse= 200mg BID for 7 days, skip 3 weeks, repeat BBW: Negative Inotropic effect. Not to be used with cardiac dysfunction or CHF Therapy over 1 month= monitor liver function |
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Diflucan
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Fluconazole
Tabs: 50, 100, 150, 200 mg Powder for oral suspension IV Broad Spectrum antifungal, QD dosing Crosses BBB Vaginal Candidiasis= 150mg tab Use multiple dosing in renal impairment: CrCl < 50 mL/min, use 50% of dose Used for OI in HIV (Candidiasis, etc.) |
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Voriconazole
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Vfend
Tabs: 50 and 200 mg Powder for oral susp: 40 mg/ mL Invasive Aspergillosis, candidemia, and other fungal infections |
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Grisfulvin V and Gris-PEG
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Griseofulvin V: 500 mg tabs
Gris-PEG: 125 and 250 mg tab Suspension: 125 mg/ mL USE: wringworm NOT for monilia, bacteria, yeast-like fungus, or tinea versicolor Take with the largest meal of day (Fatty foods increase absorption) Photosensitivity Hepatic enzyme inducer |
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Nystatin
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mycostatin
Effective only for Candida Albicans (Monilia), a yeast like fungus Tabs: 500,000 units/ mL Powder, Cream, Ointment Binds to sterols in cell membrane of susceptible Candida Species resulting in membrane permeability allowing leakage of intracellular components Oral suspension: swish and swallow OR swish and spit Included in Magic Mouthwash formulations to treat thrush |
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Mycolog
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Nystatin with Triamcinolone
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Retrovir
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Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT)
NRTI Caution: Bone marrow depression, anemia |
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Epivir
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Lamivudine (3TC)
NRTI |
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Videx
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Didanosine (ddl)
NRTI |
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Zerit
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Stavudine (d4T)
NRTI |
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Ziagen
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Abacavir (ABC)
NRTI |
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Emtriva
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Emtricitabine (FTC)
NRTI Fluorinated analog of 3TC |
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Combivir
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lamivudine/zidovudine
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Trizivir
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lamivudine/ zidovudine/ abacavir
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Truvada
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Emtriva/ Viread
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Epzicom
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Epivir/ Ziagen
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Viread
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Tenofovir (TDF)
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