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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what catheter is inserted into the wrist
arterial, central venous, or pulmonary |
arterial
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which catheter is used for BP monitoring in real time
arterial, central venous, or pulmonary |
arterial
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what catheter is used to obtain arterial blood gas
arterial, central venous, or pulmonary |
arterial
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what catheter can not be used to administer medication
arterial, central venous, or pulmonary |
arterial
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which catheter is used for medication administration
arterial, central venous, or pulmonary |
central venous catheter
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which catheter is used to measure central venous pressure
arterial, central venous, or pulmonary |
central venous catheter
pulmonary artery catheter |
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what is the normal pressure of pulmonary artery
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< 15mmHg
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what is the normal pressure of central venous pressure
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2-6 mmHg
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what is the normal pressure of pulmonary capillar wedge pressure
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6-12 mmHg
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what is stroke volume affected by
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preload
afterload myocardial contractility left ventricular size |
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what is a major determinant of afterload
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systemic vascular resistance
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what can lithium dilution derive
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CO
HR stroke volume systemic vascular resistance arterial BP |
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what will cause a decrease in central venous pressure
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3rd spacing
extreme vasodilation volume loss |
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what will cause a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure
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inadequate venous return:
volume loss 3rd spacing extreme vasodilation |
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what will cause a decrease in pulmonary vcapillary wedge pressure
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low circulating blood volume
volume loss 3rd spacing vasodilation |
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what will cause an increase in central venous pressure
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increase venous return/volume overload: over infusion of IV fluids
poor contractility: metabolic acidosis high pulmonary vascular resistance (pulmonary disease/embolism) |
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what will cause a increase in pulmonary artery pressure
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increase venous return/volume overload: over infusion of IV fluids
high pulmonary vascular resistance (pulmonary disease/embolism) |
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what will cause a increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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volume overload: overuse of IV fluids
poor contractility: metabolic acidosis, hypoxemia high systemic vascular resistance: low temp, vasoconstriction (EPI/NorEPI) mitral/aortic insufficiency or stenosis |
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what will cause a increase n systemic vascular resistance
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vasoconstriction (norepi, epi, ang 2, phenylephrine)
increase blood viscosity decrease body temp arteriosclerosis |
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what will cause a decrease in systemic vascular resistance
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disease states: sepsis, anophylactic/neurogenic shock, pancreatitis, adrenal insuficiency
meds: hydralazine, nitroglycerine, ACE-I |
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what pressure measure mean right arterial pressure and right ventricular end diastolic pressure
central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
central venous pressure
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what pressure measures pressure within pulmonary arteries
central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
pulmonary artery pressure
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what pressure measures mean left arterial pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure
central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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where is the Apical pulse normally visible
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MCL in 4th/5th ICS
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what abnormal findings can be found for apical pulse
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heave or lift
displaced PMI |
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what abnormal finding of the Apical pulse may be due to enlarged right ventricle
heave/lift or displaced PMI or loss of thrust |
heave/lift
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what abnormal finding of the Apical pulse may be due to dilated left ventricle
heave/lift or displaced PMI or loss of thrust |
displaced PMI
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what abnormal finding of the Apical pulse may be due to thick chest walls
heave/lift or displaced PMI or loss of thrust |
loss of thrust
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what angina has a onset w/ exertion
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
stable angina
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what angina is relieved by rest
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
stable angina
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which angina may have an increase in frequency with less excretion
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
unstable angina
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which angina is more intense and longer lasting
unstable or stable |
unstable angina
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which angina may not be relieved at rest
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
unstable angina
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which angina is caused by acute changes in plaque
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unstable angina
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which angina is also known as preinfartion angina
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
unstable angina
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which angina occurs at rest
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
prinzmetal angina
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which angina is caused by coronary artery spasm near atherosclerotic plaque
stable, unstable, prinzmetal angina |
prinzmetal angina
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what eye issues can occur due to hypertensive retinopathy
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papiledema
AV nicking |
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what type of heart failure may be due to COPD, liver disease, sleep apnea
right or left |
right heart failure
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what heart failure has symptoms of nocturia, pedal edema, liver pain
right or left |
right heart failure
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what type of heart failure has the following signs pleural effusions, pedal edema, ascites, heptatomegaly, JVD
right or left |
right heart failure
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what type of heart failure has symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, chest pain, cough, frothy septum, orthopnea
right or left |
left heart failure
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what type of heart failure has the following signs S3/S4, rales-pulmonary congestion, hypotension, displaced PMI, cyanosis
right or left |
left heart failure
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which one has signs of absent pulse, hair loss, smooth/shiny skin, ulcers, edema, cool temperature
peripheral arterial disease or venous insuficiency |
peripheral arterial disease
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which one has signs of varicous veins, ulceration, edema (ankle swelling)
peripheral arterial disease or venous insuficiency |
venous insuficiency
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what are the great vessels
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inferior vena cava
superior vena cava aorta pulmonary artery |
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which of the following returns blood from structures below the diaphragm
inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery |
inferior vena cava
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which of the following returns blood from all structures above the diaphragm except the heart and lungs
inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery |
superior vena cava
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which of the following carries oxygen depleted blood to the lungs
inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery |
pulmonary artery
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which of the following carries blood to the body
inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery |
aorta
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what part of the pericordium prevents heart from overfilling
fibrous or serous |
fibrous - outermost layer
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what part of the pericordium prevents friction as the heart beats
fibrous or serous |
serous - innermost layer
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what prevents the heart from completely filling
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cardiac tamponade (decreases CO)
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which of the cardiac valves is responsible for the "dub" sound (S2)
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semilunar valves
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which of the cardiac valves is responsible for the "lub" sound (S1)
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atrioventricular valves
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which of the cardiac valves close at the beginning of systole
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atrioventricular valves
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which of the cardiac valves closes at the end of systole
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semilunar valves
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what class of cardiac valves consists of the tricuspid valves and mitral/bicuspid valves
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atrioventricular valve
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what class of cardiac valves consists of the aortic and pulmonic valve
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semilunar valve
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what coronary artery supplies the SA node and at what %
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right coronary artery @ 60%
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what is the widow maker
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left anterior descending artery
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what does the left anterior descending artery supply
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left ventricle and some of the right ventricle
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what is the order of cardiac conduction
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SA node > AV node > bundle of HIS (AV bundle) > Purkinge fibers
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what is the pacemaker of the heart
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SA node
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what delays the pulse from the SA node by 1/10th of a second to allow for complete filling of ventricle
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AV node
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where is the Apex
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end of left ventricle
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where is the Base of the heart
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top of atria
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in the PSNS where do presynaptic fibers originate
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vagus nerve CN X
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stimulation of SNS does what to the heart
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increase HR
increase force of contraction indirectly dilates coronary artery |
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what is the sac surrounding the heart
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pericordium
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what pulse is located posteriorly to medial malleolus
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posterior tibial pulse
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how are the carotid arteries ausculated and what does it test for
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ausculated using a bell while pt holds breath for bruits
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where is the point of maximal impulse (apical pulse)
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5th intercostal space at midclavicular line
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when is the apical pulse abnormal
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if below 5th intercostal space or lateral to MCL
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where are thrills usually found
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base of heart
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what may thrills be due to
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closure defect in semilunar valves (stenosis)
pulmonary hypertension atrial septal defect |
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what are the cardiac listening areas
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aortic 2nd right ICS
pulmanic 2nd left ICS 2nd pulmanic 3rd left ICS tricuspid 4th left ICS mitral 5th left ICS |
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where is the S1 sound the loudest
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at apex
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what sound is the beginning of systole and end of systole
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S1 - beginning of systole
S2 - ending of systole |
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what sound occurs early in diastole
S3 or S4 |
S3
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what heart sound is caused by rapid ventricular filling
S3 or S4 |
S3
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which heart sound when heard in adults may indicate: ventricular volume overload caused by valve regurgitation or heart
S3 or S4 |
S3
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which heart sound occurs just before S1
S3 or S4 |
S4
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which heart sound when heard in adults indicates decreased ventricular compliance or overfilling
S3 or S4 |
S4
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which heart sound is caused by HTN, aortic stenosis, severe anemia, hyperthyroidism
S3 or S4 |
S4
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