P2 Spring Tox Exam 1 Material

Front 1

Which plant has some of the most toxic seeds known?

Back 1

Castor plant

Front 2

Whats the name of the toxin in castor beans?

Back 2

Ricin

Front 3

Symptoms of ricin toxicity?

Back 3

Severe gastroenteritis (with bloody diarrhea)
Hemolysis
Jaundice
Necrosis of liver, spleen, intestines, stomach
Convulsions and shock
Death by cv and respiratory depression

Front 4

Tx for ricin toxicity?

Back 4

Activated charcoal
Induce vomiting
Possible blood transfusion if hemorrhaging

Front 5

Whats the name of the toxin in the wisteria plant?

Back 5

Lectin and glycoside

Front 6

Symptoms of lectin and glycoside toxicity?

Back 6

Severe gastroenteritis
Shock and dizziness due to fluid loss

Front 7

Tx for lectin and glycoside toxicity?

Back 7

Activated charcoal
Induce vomiting

Front 8

Whats the name of the toxin in the autumn crocus plant?

Back 8

Bulbs have colchicine (an antimitotic that prevent formation of microfilaments and mitotic spindle)

Front 9

Symptoms of colchicine toxicity?

Back 9

Phase 1: Severe gastroenteritis(N&V, diarrhea, dehydration)
Phase 2: Confusion, delerium, hematuria, neuropathy, renal failure
If you survive phase 2, you get bone marrow aplasia(due to antimitotic) and multiorgan failure

Front 10

Tx for colchicine toxicity?

Back 10

Detox as usual
Give GCSF to help bone marrow produce rbcs and wbcs.

Front 11

Whats the toxin found in euphorbia?

Back 11

Capsaicin mimic

Front 12

Whats the symptoms of the euphorbia plant toxin?

Back 12

After it absorbs through your skin it over excites and desensitizes your afferent neurons, depleting substance P, and degenerating your type C nerve/pain fibers

Front 13

Tx for euphorbia plant toxicity?

Back 13

Wash it off immediately

Front 14

Whats the toxin found in poison ivy?

Back 14

A mixture of catechols called urushiol (an antigen that binds to your proteins and induces an immune response)

Front 15

Whats the toxin found in dieffenbachia plants?

Back 15

Leaves contain calcium oxalate crystals coated with a trypsin-like protein, all of which is inside a raphide (injector cell)
Immediate pain is due to histamine release
Plant nickname: dumbcane

Front 16

Whats the toxin found in taxus (yew)?

Back 16

Taxine (found in the red berries)
A cardiotoxin that inhibits ca+ and na+ currents in cardiac cells

Front 17

What are the symptoms of taxine toxicity?

Back 17

Decreased AV conduction, bradycardia, convulsions, intense gi irritation.
Death is due to cv and respiratory failure

Front 18

Tx for taxine toxicity?

Back 18

Evacuate system as usual
Monitor cv system for at least 24 hours

Front 19

Whats the toxin found in foxglove and oleander plants?

Back 19

Digoxin like toxin which inhibits na+/k+ ATPase in myocardial tissue

Front 20

What are the symptoms of foxglove and oleander plant toxicity?

Back 20

Dec'd conduction velocity, AV node block, arrhythmias, hyperkalemia, N&V

Front 21

Tx for foxglove and oleander plant toxicity?

Back 21

Correct electrolyte imbalances, treat for digoxin toxicity

Front 22

Whats the toxin in mistletoe?

Back 22

Phoratoxin
Displaces calcium and depolarizes cell
Also has lectins that inhibit protein synthesis

Front 23

Symptoms of mistletoe toxicity?

Back 23

BP changes, bradycardia, negative inotropic effects, vasoconstriction, severe gastroenteritis

Front 24

Whats the toxin in Claviceps purpurea fungus?

Back 24

Ergot (potent vasoconstrictor)
Causes "St. Anthonys Fire"

Front 25

Symptoms of St Anthonys Fire?

Back 25

Darkened limbs with possible gangrene

Front 26

Whats the toxin in blue-green algae?

Back 26

Anatoxin A (blocks nicotinic and muscarinic rxs)
Death in minutes due to respiratory arrest

Front 27

Whats the toxin in red algae?

Back 27

Kainic and domoic acids (EAAs: excitatory amino acids)
Kills nerves

Front 28

Symptoms of red algae toxicity?

Back 28

GI distress, headaches, paralysis, memory and sensiomotor deficits, confusion, seizures (all of these due to overexcitation and death of neurons)

Front 29

Whats the toxin in Jimsonweed and Angels Trumpet?

Back 29

Belladonna (hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic)
Causes atropine poisoning
People make "Datura" tea from it
Tx: use cholinesterase inhibitor

Front 30

Whats the toxin in ragwort, comfrey and groundsel?

Back 30

Pyrrolizidine
Damages liver cells
Blocks blood vessels causing portal hypertension, hepatitis, cirrhosis, necrosis, tumors