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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List some drugs/drug classes of antifungal agents
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Flucytosine
Azoles Griseofulvin Cyclopirox Allylamines Polyenes Echinocandins Whitfields Ointment(benzoic acid + salicylic acid) Undecylenic acid(aka Desenex) |
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List differences in targets between humans (eukaryotic mammals) and fungi/yeast
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Cell membrane cholesterol vs cell membrane ergosterol
No cell wall vs cell wall Note: no significant ribosomal or translational differences |
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What does "mycoses" mean?
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Invasion of living tissue by a fungus
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List the different types of mycoses
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Superficial(athlete's foot, ringworm)
Mucocutaneous(thrush) Subcutaneous Systemic |
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What fungus species typically causes thrush?
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Candida
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What can aspergillus cause?
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deep lung infections
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What category of fungi typically cause skin, nail, and hair infections? How is it spread?
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dermatophytes
spread by spores in moist conditions(skin folds, sweaty feet) |
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List some polyene antifungal agents
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Nystatin
Amphotericin B |
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List some azoles
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Ketoconazole
Itraconazole Fluconazole Voriconazole |
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List some pyrimidine analogs
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Flucytosine
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List some echinocandins
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Caspofungin
Anidulafungin Micafungin |
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List some allylamines
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Butenafine
Naftifine Terbinafine |
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Whats the mechanism of action for amphotericin B(AMB)?
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Molecules of AMB bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming a pore, causing ions to leak out, and cell death
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How is AMB administered?
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IV(little absorption in the gi tract)
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List the AE's of AMB
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Nephrotoxicity
Anemia |
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Whats the MoA of AMB nephrotoxicity?
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AMB accumulates in the renal tubules, which can cause loss of electrolytes(k+,na+,mg+) and dec'd ability to concentrate urine in the collecting ducts
AMB also increases renal vascular resistance which dec's GFR, which can lead to azotemia |
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What is azotemia?
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Medical condition
High levels of urea, creatinine, or other nitrogen compounds in the blood due to dec'd filtering by the kidneys |
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Whats the MoA of AMB anemia?
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Dec'd filtering by the kidneys causes dec'd erythropoetin synthesis, which dec's the hematocrit
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List the different formulations of AMB
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AMB-D(AMB deoxycholate)
ABCD(AMB colloidal dispersion) L-AMB(Liposomal AMB, aka Ambisone) ABLC(AMB lipid complex) |
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Which of the formulations is most toxic, and which is the least?
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most: AMB-D
least: Ambisone |
