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260 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antidote for Acetaminophen overdose?
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N-acetylcystein (Mucomyst)
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Advil
Children's Advil Suspension |
200 mg Ibuprofen
100 mg Ibuprofen per 5mL |
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Alka Seltzer Blue
Alka Seltzer Gold |
Blue- 325mg ASA, 1916 mg Sodium bicarbonate
Gold- 1050 mg Sodium bicarbonate, 1000mg Citric Acid, 344 mg Potassium Bicarbonate |
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Anacin
Anacin (Aspirin Free) |
400 mg ASA
32 mg Caffeine 500 mg APAP |
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Ascriptin Regular Strength
Maximum Strength Ascriptin |
Regular- 325 mg ASA with antacids (Ca, Mg, Al)
Maximum- 500 mg ASA with antacids (Ca, Mg, Al) |
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Low Dose Aspirin
Bayer St. Joseph |
81 mg ASA (enteric coated or chewable)
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Bayer Aspirin
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325 mg ASA
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BC Headache Powders
BC Arthritis Powders |
Headache- 650 mg ASA, 33.3 mg caffeine, 195 mg Salicylamide
Arthritis- 1000mg ASA, 65 mg caffeine |
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Bufferin
Bufferin Extra Strength |
325mg ASA with antacids (Ca, Mg)
500 mg ASA with antacids (Ca, Mg) |
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Doan's Extra Strength
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580 mg Magnesium Salicylate
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Ecotrin Regular
Ecotrin Low |
Regular- 325 mg ASA (Enteric Coated)
Low- 81 mg ASA (Enteric Coated) |
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Excedrin
Excedrin Extra Strength Excedrin Migraine |
All the same:
250 mg ASA 250 mg APAP 65mg Caffeine |
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What is Caffeine's purpose in Excedrin/ Headache products?
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Caffeine:
enhances feeling of analgesia increased absorption of ASA constrict dilated vessels |
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Goody's Headache Powders
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260 mg APAP
520 mg ASA 32.5 mg Caffeine |
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Halfprin
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81mg ASA
or 162 mg ASA |
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Children's Motrin Suspension
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100 mg Ibuprofen per 5 mL
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Percogesic Original Strength
Percogesic Extra Strength Percogesic Maximum Strength |
Original- 325 mg APAP with 30 mg Phenyltoloxamine
Extra- 500 mg APAP with 12.5 mg Diphenhydramine Max- 580 mg Magnesium Salicylate |
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Which Products have Magnesium Salicylate?
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Doan's Extra Strength
and Percogesic Maximum Strength both 580 mg |
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What is the difference in strength of Tylenol Tablets, Caplets, and Gelcaps?
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Tablets (regular)- 325 mg APAP
Tablets (extra)- 500 mg APAP Caplets- 500 mg APAP Gelcaps- 500 mg APAP |
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Tylenol Children's Suspension
vs Tylenol Infants' Drops |
Children Suspension- 160 mg/ 5mL
Infant Drops- 500 mg/ 5mL |
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Extra Strength Adult Tylenol Liquid
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500 mg APAP/ 15 mL
or 167 mg APAP/ 5 mL |
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Tylenol Arthritis Pain (Extended Release)
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650 mg APAP (Q8H)
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Tylenol PM
Advil PM Motrin PM |
Tylenol PM- 500 mg APAP with 25 mg Diphenhydramine HCl
Advil PM- 200 mg Ibuprofen with 38 mg Diphenhydramine citrate Motrin PM- 200 mg Ibuprofen with 38 mg Diphenhydramine citrate |
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Are ALL NSAIDs Antipyretics?
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YES
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What is Defervescence?
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the diminishing or disapperance of fever
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Is it okay to take ASA and NSAIDs together?
Is it okay to take ASA and APAP together? |
NO, take ASAS upon arising in the morning and NSAIDs atleast a couple hours later
NSAIDs block ASA access to active site on COX-1 enzyme YES. APAP is NOT a NSAID |
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Ibuprofen vs. Aspirin effect on platelet aggregation
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Ibuprofen- reversible effect
Aspirin- irreversible effect |
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Max Dose for APAPand directions?
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4 grams per day
325-650 mg every 4 hours 325-500 mg every 3 hours 650-1000mg every 6 hours Max 2 grams in patients on Coumadin Analgesic Antipyretic NOT Anti-inflammatory Okay for Pregnancy |
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Max Dose for Ibuprofen and directions?
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1.2 grams per day
200-400 mg every 4-6 hours No longer than 10 days for pain No longer than 3 days for fever Analgesic Antipyretic Anti-Inflammatory Not okay during 3rd trimester of Pregnancy |
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Max Dose for ASA and directions?
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4 grams per day
325-650 mg every 4 hours 325-500 mg every 3 hours 650-1000mg every 6 hours NOT okay if under 18= Reye's Syndrome Analgesic Antipyretic Anti-inflammatory Anti-Platelet Aggregation |
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Name some Salicylate-containing Prescription Drugs
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1. Percodan
2. Fiorinal 3. Robaxisal 4. Norgesic 5. Norgesic Forte 6. Disalcid 7. Soma comound 8. Dolobid etc. |
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What are some drug interactions with Aspirin?
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1. Valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote)- increases free fraction up to 43%
2. Sulfonylureas (Glipizide, Glucotrol, Glyburide, Diabeta)- enanced effect leading to loss of glucose control 3. Probenecid (Benemid)- may antagonize the uricosuric effect leading to exacerbation of gout 4. Ethanol- GI erosive effects 5. Warfarin- increase bleeding risk |
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Symptoms of Aspirin Overdose
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Headache
Dizziness Ringing in earts Difficulty hearing Mental Confusion Lassitude Drowsiness Sweating Thirst Hyperventilation Nausea Vomitting Diarrhea |
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Absorbine Jr
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Menthol 1.27%
and plant extracts |
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Aspercreme Creme and Lotion
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Trolamine Salicylate 10%
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Blue Star Ointment
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Camphor 1.24%
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BenGay Ultra Strength Cream
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Methyl Salicylate 30%
Menthol 10 % Camphor 4% |
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Therapeutic Mineral Ice
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Menthol 2%
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Myoflex cream
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Trolamine Salicylate 10%
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Icy Hot Cream
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Menthol 10%
Methyl Salycilate 30% |
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Zostrix cream Original
Zostrix HP cream |
Capsaicin 0.025%
Capsaicin 0.075% |
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BenGay Ultra Strength Pain Relieving Patch
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5% Menthol
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Icy Hot Sleeve
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16% Menthol
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Salonpas (Pain relieving patch)
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Camphor 1.2%
Menthol 5.7% Methyl Salicylate 6.3% |
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Salonpas Hot Patch
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Capsaicin 0.025%
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Neosporin ointment
Neosporin cream |
Tiple Antibiotic:
Bacitracin Neomycin Polymixin same |
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Polysporin ointment
Polysporin Powder |
Bacitracin
Polymyxin same |
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Neosporin + Pain Relief Ointment
Neosporin + Pain Relief Cream |
Cream- Neomycin, Polymyxin, Pramoxine
Ointment- Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin, Pramoxine |
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Bacitracin ointment
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Gram positive coverage only
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Lamisil AT
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Terbinafine
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Lotrimin AF
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Clotrimazole
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Micatin
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Miconazole
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Nizoral A/D
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Ketoconazole
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Lotrimin Ultra
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Butenafine HCl
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Selsun blue
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Selenium sulfide
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Tinactin
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Tolnaftate
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Mycostatin
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Nystatin
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A substance such as a counterirritant, which applied to the skin causes a redness, or erythema
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Rubefacient
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Name some pharmacologic agents that have coutnerirritant effects
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Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil)
Menthol (1.25-16%) Camphor (0.1-3%) Histamine Dihydrochloride (0.025%- 0.1%) Methyl Nicotinate (0.25%-1%) Allyl Isothiocyannate (Volatile oil of mustard) Capsicum (ingredient in Capsaicin)0.025%-0.075% |
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What is the percent of Menthol used to:
1) Depress sensory cutaneous receptors and act as antipruritic 2) counterirritant |
Antipruritic- 0.1-1%
Counterirritant- 1.25-16% |
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This counterirritant appears to deplete substance P from sensory neurons that have been implicated in mediating cutaneous pain
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Capsicum preparations
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Capsicum preparations are indicated for what?
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Pain of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Post-herpetic nerualgia Painful diabetic neuropathy Discontinue if it BURNS |
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Which external analgesics contain Salicylate?
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1. Aspercreme Creme and Lotion
2. BenGay Ultra Strength Cream 3. Icy Hot cream 4. Salonpas (Pain relieving patch) 5. Myoflex cream |
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Normal pH of skin?
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Acid Mantle is usually around pH 4.5-5.5
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What is Intertriginous?
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Areas where the skin folds upon skin (under arms, etc)
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Name 3 fatty acids that are found in sweat and sebum that inhibit microbial and fungal growth
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1. propionic
2. caprioc 3. caprylic Microbes tend to grow better at pH 6-7.5 |
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What is impetigo?
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superficial infection of red spots that may evolve into vesicles filled with amber fluid
caused by staph or strep |
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What is a furuncle?
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Boil; staph infection located in or around hair follicles; elevated swelling, red and painful
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What is a carbuncle?
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clusters of follicles, with deeper and broader penetration over a larger area than furuncles
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What is Folliculitis?
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only hair shafts are involved, skin areas usually exposed to water, grease, oils, tars, etc
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How does Bacitracin work?
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inhibits cell wall synthesis
against Gram-Positive ONLY Use 1-3 times daily |
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How does Neomycin work?
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inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal unit
against Gram- Negative and some staph Hypersensitivity in 5-8% |
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How does Polymyxin B sulftate work?
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alters permeability of bacterial cell wall
against Gram-Negative apply 1-3 times daily |
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Name some Antiseptic Products
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1. Ethanol
2. Tucks pads 3. Isopropyl Alcohol 4. Iodine 5. Betadine 6. BFI Powder 7. Chlorhexidine Gluconate 8. Hydrogen Peroxide 9. Phenolic compounds 10. Hexylresorcinol 11. Boric acid 12. Quaternary Ammonium Coumpounds 13. Dakin's Solution |
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Tucks pads
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cleanser with astringent action
Witch Hazel 50% also contains: water, glycerin, alcohol, propylene glycol used for everyday personal hygienic use on outer rectal and vaginal areas |
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Ethanol vs. Isopropyl Alcohol
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Ethanol:
contains denaturants non-potable bactericidal activity at 70% Isopropyl Alcohol: rubbing alcohol stronger bactericidal antiseptic effects on skin no denaturants more drying effect |
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Iodine tincture vs Iodides Tincture
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Iodine:
Brown 2% elemental iodine 2.5% sodium iodide 50% alcohol Iodide: White iodine contains ammonium hydroxide Both: Oxidize microbial protoplasm irritates open wounds active against bacteria, fungi, spores, yeasts, protozoa, and viruses very caustic |
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Betadine (Povidone-Iodine)
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organic complex of iodine; less irritating and staining than iodine solutions or tinctures
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BFI Powder
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Bismuth Formic Iodide
antiseptic first aid powder for cuts, chafing, and minor abrasions soothing, protective, and absorbent |
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Chlorhexidine Gluconate
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Hibiclens 4%
Hibistat 0.5% disrupts plasma membrane of bacterial cell- cellular contents are lost effective agains gram positive and negative |
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Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution
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3% H202
most widely used first aid antiseptic antimicrobial oxidizing agent DO NOT USE as irrigating solution or granulating tissue Gargling with H2O2 may cause "Hairy Tongue" |
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Phenolic Compounds
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antiseptic and disinfectant
0.5%-1.0% has local anesthetic activity |
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Hexylresorcinol
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more effective than phenol as an antibacterial agent and is less toxic
used in mouthwashes |
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Boric Acid
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in Boudreaux's Butt Paste Diaper Rash Ointment with Zinc oxide
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Benzalkonium Cl
Benzethonium Cl cationic surfactants; surface acting agents which disrupt surface tension 1:5000 to 1:20,000 when used for broken skin 1:750 when used for intact skin |
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What is Dakin's Solution?
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antiseptic treatment of wounds due to hypochlorous acid liberation causing oxidation of essential sulfhydryl enzymes for microbial metabolic processess
contains Sodium Hypochlorite Wet-to-Dry dressings |
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What is Acetic Acid used for and at what strengths?
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0.25% Acetic Acid- Bladder irrigant
1-2% Acetic Acid- douches and ear drops |
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What is Styptic pencil?
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aluminum sulfate product to be touched to bleeding area to coagulate the tissue, since aluminum salts are astringents
stops bleeding fast |
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Gentian Violet
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Antiseptic and Antifungal used on the skin and applied in the mouth with a Q-tip to treat oral Candidiases (Thrush)
stains dark purple |
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Ichthammol
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black, tarry substance
weak antiseptic and irritant with emollient properties AKA Ichthyol Black Salve Boil Salve Black ointment Drawing salve |
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Witch Hazel
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Hamamelis Water
hydro-alcoholic solution from twigs of Hamamelis Virginiana astringent effect may be due to the 14% alcohol used as skin cleanser and aftershave lotion AKA Dickinson's Witch Hazel |
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Tinea Pedis
Tinea Capitis Tinea Cruris Tinea Corporis Tinea Unguium |
Tinea Pedis- athlete's foot
Tinea Capitis- ringworm of the scalp Tinea Cruris- Jock itch Tinea Corporis- Ringworm of the body Tinea Unguium- Nail Fungus |
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What is Tinea Versicolor?
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aka Pityriasis versicolor
superficial fungal infection of the stratum corneum; considered disease of cosmetic disfigurement Cause: Pityrosporum ovale (liphophilic yeast) |
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What is Moniliasis
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Cause: Candida Albicans (Yeast-like)
causes thrush, vaginitis, nail infections, pulmonary disease, enteritis, esophagitis, endocarditis, meningitis, brain abcesses, arthritis, keratomycosis occur in intertriginous areas |
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What is Micatin and how does it work?
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Miconazole
impairs biosynthesis of ergosterol which inhibits growth of fungal organism |
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What is Lotrimin AF and how does it work?
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Clotrimazole
impairs biosynthesis of ergosterol which inhibits growth of fungal organisms |
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What is Lotrimin Ultra and how does it work?
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Butenafine HCl
inhibits epoxidation of squalene; blocks biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes |
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What is Lamisil and how does it work?
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Terbinafine
inhibits squalene epoxidase; results in ergosterol deficiency and squalene accumulation and fungal death use for 7 days |
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What is Selsun Blue and is used for what?
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Selenium Sulfide 1% Shampoo/ Lotion
active against: T. versicolor Dandruff apply, lather, with small amount of water and leave on skin (10 MINUTES) |
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What is Tinactin and what is it used for?
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Tolnaftate
effective against: T. versicolor dermatophytes (ringworm) most superficial dermatophytes NOT effective against Candida Albicans (Yeast) |
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What is the topical antifungal agent that is only active against Candidiasis?
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Mycostatin (Nystatin)
Rx. only |
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Which Topical antifungal agent is only active against T. Versicolor?
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Selsun Blue (Selenium Sulfide )
Rx 2.5% OTC 1% |
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Tinactin (tolnaftate) is not active against which clinical indication?
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Candidiasis
Active against: Dermatophytes T. Versicolor |
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Name the topical antifungula agents that are active against all three: dermatophytes, T. versicolor, and Candidiasis
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1. Lamisil AT (Terbinafine)
2. Lotrimin AF (Clotrimazole) 3. Micatin (Miconazole) 4. Nizoral A/D (Ketoconazole) 5. Lotrimin Ultra Cream (Butenafine HCl) |
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Name 4 Viral skin infections
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1. Warts
2. Molluscum Contagiusum 3. Herpes Simplex 4. Varicella-Zoster infections (Chicken pox and shingles) |
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What nonprescription products can be used as antiviral agents for cutaneous viral infections?
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NONE
Rx Zovirax (Acyclovir) Denavir (Penciclovir) Abreva (Docosanol) Abreva- inhibits viral entry process, shortens healing time and duration of symptoms |
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What is Lichenification?
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thickening ad hardening of the skin into an irregular plaque due to excessive rubbing or scratching
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Papule vs Plaque
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Papule- solid, circumscribed, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter
Plaque- palpable, papular, relatively flat lesion more than 1 cm in diameter |
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What does Excoriate mean?
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to scratch or rub off the skin
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What is a Rubefacient?
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substance such as a counterirritant , which when applied to the skin causes a redness, or erythema
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What is the difference among:
Atopic Dermatitis Contact Dermatitis Hand Dermatitis Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
Atopic Dermatitis- genetic
Contact Dermatitis- chemical or allergen contact Hand Dermatitis- hand washing or contact with moisture and mild irritants Allergic Contact Dermatitis- immunologically mediated (12-48 hours until reaction) |
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Name some causes of allergic contact dermatitis
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Metals
Lanolin, parabens Deodorants Benzocaine Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) Iodine containing products Sulfonamides Neomycin |
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Name 3 Astringent Products and their components
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1. Burrow's Solution
(5% Aluminum acetate; must be diluted 1:10 or 1:40 with water) 2. Witch Hazel (prepared from twigs of Hamamelis Virginiana; contains tannins, volatile oils, and 15% alcohol) 3. Zinc Oxide (active ingredient in Calamine lotion) |
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Products for Dermatitis?
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1. Cetaphil Lotion and Cleanser
2. Cortaid 3. Cortizone-10 cream and ointment 4. Hydrocortisone 5. Sarna original and sensitive anti-itch lotion 6. Sarna Ultra |
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Compare:
Cortaid Cortizone-10 Plus Moisturizing Cream Cortizone-10 Ointment Hydrocortisone |
All contain Hydrocortisone cream 1%
Cortaid (Just hydrocortisone 1%) Cortizone-10 Plus Moisturizing Cream (plus moisturizer) Cortizone-10 Ointment (plus White Petrolatum) Hydrocortisone (1% or 0.5%) |
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Which Sarna Product?
1) pramoxine 1%, emollients, petrolatum 2) camphor 0.5%, Mentol 0.5%, emollients, petrolatum 3) menthol 0.5%, pramoxine HCl 1%, white petrolatum 30% |
Which Sarna Product?
1)SARNA SENSITIVE ANTI-ITCH LOTION pramoxine 1%, emollients, petrolatum 2) SARNA ORIGINAL ANTI-ITCH LOTION camphor 0.5%, Mentol 0.5%, emollients, petrolatum 3) SARNA ULTRA menthol 0.5%, pramoxine HCl 1%, white petrolatum 30% |
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Name some Humectants (Hydrating agents)
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1. glycerin
2. propylene glycol 3. phospholipid products containing lectin |
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Name some Keratin-Softening agents
|
1. Urea (carbamide): 10-30%
2. Lactic Acid: 2-5% 3. Allantoin: 0.5-2% |
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Name some antipruritic agents?
|
1. Benzocaine
2. Benadryl |
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Name some products for dry skin
|
1. Keri Original Lotion
2. Aveeno oatmeal 3. Complex 15 4. Cetaphil Moisturizing lotion 5. Eucerin 6. Lubriderm 7. Noxzema 8. Vaseline intensive care lotion 9. Oilatum soap 10. Neutrogena bar soap 11. Basis soap |
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Main ingredients in complex 15 lotion and cream
|
Lecithin
glycerin oils |
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Main ingredients in Noxzema
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Camphor
Menthol eucalyptus oil (strong aromatic medicinal smell) |
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What is in Basis Soap?
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Glycerin
Petrolatum oils aloe |
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What is the agent in hair care products that can cause dandruff?
|
paraphenylene diamine (PPD)
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Overgrowth of this bacteria can cause dandruff?
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Malassezia (yeast like fungus)
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What is the medication in Head & Shoulders?
|
zinc pyrithione
reduces fungus growth and reduces epidermal turnover rate |
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What is the medication in Neutrogena T/Gel?
|
Coal Tar
slows how quickly skin cells on your scalp die and flake off |
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What is the medication in Selsun blue?
|
Selenium Sulfide
slows skin cells from dying (cytostatic) and may reduce Malassezia can discolor blond, gray, or chemically colored hair |
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What is the medication in Nizoral A-D?
|
Ketoconazole
broad spectrum antifungal agent leave shampoo on for atleast 5 min |
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What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
|
group of eruptions that occur around sebaceous gland activity
treat same as dandruff |
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Dandruff and Seborrhea Products
|
1. Selsun Blue (Selenium Sulftate)
2. Nizoral A-D Shampoo (Ketoconazole 1%) 3. DHS Clear Shampoo (water, lauryl sulfate, and surface acting agents) 4. Head and Shoulders (Pyrithion Zinc 1%) 5. Scalpicin Regular (Salicylic acid 3%) 6. Scalpicin Max. Strength (Hydrocortisone 1%, alcohol, water) 7. T/Gel Shampoo (Coal tar) 8. Zincon Shampoo (Pyritione zinc 1%) |
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OTC treatments for Psoriasis
|
1. Coal Tar preparations (T/Gel Shampoo)
2. Salicylic acid (Scalpicin regular) 3. Hydrocortisone (Scalpicin Maximum Strength) |
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What is the medication in Scalpicin Regular?
|
Salicylic acid 3%
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What is the medication in Scalpicin Maximum Strength?
|
Hydrocortisone 1%
|
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What is the medication in Zincon Shampoo?
|
Pyrithione zinc 1%
|
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What are ingredients in DHS clear Shampoo?
|
water
lauryl sulfate surface acting agents |
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What is the MOST FREQUENT complication with Diaper Rash
|
Candida albicans
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How do you get Prickly Heat (Miliaria)?
|
obstruction of teh sweat gland pores
produces itching and stinging |
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Name some products for Diaper Rash and Prickly heat
|
1. A&D Ointment (Petrolatum)
2. Ammens Original Medicated Powder (zinc oxide, talc , corn starch) 3. Balmex Cream (zince oxide) 4. Desitin Original (40% zinc oxide, vit A&D) 5. Desitin Creamy (10% zinc oxide, aloe, vitamin E) 6. Vaseline (Petrolatum) 7. Zeasorb Powder (Microporous cellulose) 8. Zeasorb AF (microporous cellulose with miconazole) |
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Active ingredient(s) in A&D Ointment
|
Petrolatum
Contains Vitamine A and Vitamin D |
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Active ingredient(s) in Ammens Original Medicated Powder
|
Zince oxide
talc cornstarch (Don't inhale) |
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Active ingredient(s) in Balmex Cream
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Zinc oxide
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Active ingredient(s) in Desitin Original
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40% Zinc oxide, talc, cod liver oil, lanolin, petrolatum
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Active ingredient(s) in Desitin Creamy
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10% Zinc oxide
Aloe Vitamin E |
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Active ingredient(s) in Zeasorb and Zeasorb AF
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Zeasorb:
Microporous cellulose Zeasorb AF: Microporous cellulose Miconazole (anti-fungal) |
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Which type of UV radiation can cause skin cancer?
|
UVC, UVB, and UVA
|
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What is Photodermatoses?
|
skin eruptions that are caused by radiation
|
|
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What is MED?
|
Minimal Erythemal Dose
minimum UVB radiation dose that produces a redness, in laboratory setting |
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How do you calculate SPF?
|
MED of protected skin/ MED of unprotected skin
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What is Substantivity?
|
the ability of a sunscreen to remain effective during prolonged exercise, sweating, and swimming
|
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Aveeno
|
coilloidal oatmeal powder
|
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Benadryl products
|
Diphenhydramine 1%
(original) Diphenhydramine 2% (Extra Strength) |
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Caladryl Lotion
Caladryl Clear |
Lotion- Pramoxine HCl 1%, calamine powder 8%, Propylene glycol, xanthan gum, camphor, methylcellulose
Clear- Pramoxine HCl 1%, alcohol, camphor, glycerin |
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Calamine Lotion
Calamine Lotion, phenolated |
8% Calamine Powder plus zinc oxide and ferric oxide (Pink color)
Phenolyated- 1% Phenol (carbolic acid) local anesthetic in calamine lotion |
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Cortaid cream and spray
|
1% Hydrocortisone
|
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Lanacane cream
Lanacane Spray |
cream- 6% Bezocaine
Spray- 20% Benzocaine |
|
|
PrameGel liquid
|
Pramoxine 1%
Menthol 0.5% |
|
|
Gold Bond Regular Original Medicated Body Powder
|
Menthol 0.15%
Zinc Oxide 1% Talc Acacia Eucalyptol Methyl Salicylate Salicylic Acid Thymol Zinc Stearate |
|
|
Name Insect Repellants
|
1. DEET (N, N-Diethyl-m-toluamide)
2. Picaridin 3. Lemon Eucalyptus |
|
|
Non Prescription treatments for Insect stings and bites
|
1. Counterirritants (camphor and menthol)
2. Local anesthetics (Benzocaine, phenol 1%, Dibucaine) 3. Antihistamine (Diphenhydramine cream) 4. Hydrocortisone 1% 5. aluminum Acetate (burow's solution) 6. Witch Hazel 7. Antibacterials (Benzalkonium Chl) 8. Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) |
|
|
What can you take orally to to use as an insect repellant?
|
Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamine B1)
100 mg TID Perspiration has "musty" smell that repels small insects |
|
|
Americaine Spray
|
Benzocaine 20%
used for Insect sting and bites |
|
|
Nupercainal Ointment
|
Dibucaine 1%
Lanolin Light Mineral Oil White Petrolatum Used for insect sting and bites |
|
|
Name some products for Corns and Calluses
What is the main ingredient? |
1. Dr. Scholl's Callus Removers (Salicylic Acid)
2. Freezone Solution Corn and Callus Remover (Salicylic Acid 17.6%) |
|
|
Products for Warts and what are their ingredients?
|
1. Compound W Liquid Wart Remover (17% salicylic acid)
2. DuoFilm Liquid 17% salicylic acid) 3. Compound W Pads (40% Salicylic Acid) 4. Wartner and Compound W Freeze Off (Dimethyl ether and propane) 5. Duct Tape Occlusion Therapy |
|
|
OTC Treatments for Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)
|
1. Terbinafine (Lamisil)
2. Miconazole (Micatin, Zeasorb AF Powder) 3. Clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF) 4. Butenafine (Lotrimin Ultra) 5. Tolnaftate (Tinactin) |
|
|
What NSAIDs are best for sunburns?
|
Aspirin
Ibuprofen NOT APAP (No anti-inflamatory effects) |
|
|
Pretectant agents that may protect burns from mechanical irritation
|
Allantoin
Cocoa butter Petrolatum Shark liver oil |
|
|
Local Anesthetics for burns
|
1. Benzocaine 5-20%
2. Lidocaine 0.5% 3. Dibucaine 1% 4. Pramoxine 0.5-1% Pramoxine is the SAFEST |
|
|
Foille Ointment
|
Benzocain 5%
Chloroxylenol 0.1% For temporary relief of pain associated with burns, sunburn, minor cuts, scrapes, insect bites, and minor skin irritations |
|
|
Lanacane Spray Maximum Strength
|
Benzocaine 20%
|
|
|
Solarcaine Spray
Solarcaine Aloe Extra Spray SOLARCAINE +ALOE VERA GEL |
Solarcaine Spray: Benzocaine 20% with Triclosan
Solarcaine Aloe Extra Spray: Lidocaine Hydrochloride (0.5%) plus aloe SOLARCAINE +ALOE VERA GEL: Lidocaine Hydrochloride (0.5%) Aloe Barbadensis Gel |
|
|
Zinc oxide ointment
Zinc oxide paste |
Zinc oxide ointment: 20% Zinc oxide in an ointment base
Zinc oxide paste: 25% Zinc oxide, 25% starch in petrolatum |
|
|
Unguentine Ointment for BURNS
|
1% Phenol in petrolatum
Zinc oxide Eucalyptus oil NO "caine" Not for genitals, otherwise SAFEST |
|
|
What part (s) of the autonomic nervous system controls the nasopharyngeal vascular bed?
|
PSNS and SNS
|
|
|
Do Antihistamines raise BP?
Do Anticholinergics raise BP? |
NO
NO (just transiently increase in BP) |
|
|
What is the German measles?
|
virus, fine red rash-- CONCERN: maternal infections associated with miscarriage, abortion, fetal abnormality
|
|
|
What is Vasomotor rhinitis?
|
Chronic or acute rhinitis that occurs when going to an environment with different temperature or allergens; increased parasympathetic tone
|
|
|
What are some anticholinergic side effects and contraindications of Cold & Flu Medications?
|
tachycardia
decreased salvation decreased lacrimation decreased urination decreased defecation Narrow angle glaucoma Enlarged prostate Urinary obstuction and retention constipation CNS Dysfunction Tachycardia Dry Mouth Blurred Vision |
|
|
What is an important neurotransmitter in the brain and by blocking its receptors AWARENESS, MEMORY, & COORDINATION are impaired?
|
Histamine
The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is responsible for awareness. Histamine is a major neurotransmitter in the RAS. |
|
|
Name 4 Antihistamines
|
1. Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)
2. Chlor-Trimeton (Chlorpheniramine) 3. Zyrtec (Cetirizine) 4. Claritin/Alavert (Loratadine) |
|
|
What is the dose and dosing interval for Benadryl?
1. when used as antihistamine 2. when used as antitussive |
Diphenhydramine 25-50 mg
1. Every 6-8 Hours 2. Every 4-6 Hours PRN |
|
|
What is the dose and dosing interval for Chlor-Trimeton?
|
Chlorpheniramine 4 mg
Every 4-6 Hours |
|
|
What is the dose and dosing interval for Zyrtec?
|
Cetirizine 5-10 mg
Every 24 Hours |
|
|
What is the dose and dosing interval for Claritin/ Alavert?
|
Loratadine 10 mg
Every 24 Hours No Drowsiness |
|
|
Name 4 Topical Decongestants
|
1. Neo-Synephrine
2. Benzedrex 3. Vicks Vapoinhaler 4. Afrin Original |
|
|
How do Topical decongestants work?
|
Sympathomimetics
alpha adrenergic agonists Work almost instantaneously (Fast relief of congestion) |
|
|
What is the ingredient in Neo-Synephrine?
|
Phenylephrine (PE)
Most Specific Dosed every 4 Hours |
|
|
What is the ingredient in Benzedrex?
|
Propylhexedrine
Dosed every 4-6 Hours |
|
|
What is the ingredient in Vicks Vapoinhaler?
|
l-metamfetamine (l-Desoxyephedrine)
NMT every 2 hours |
|
|
What is the ingredient in Afrin Original?
|
Oxymetazoline
Dosed every 12 hours Longest acting Take no longer than 2-3 days |
|
|
Potential adverse effects of topically applied decongestant agents
|
1. Rhinitis medicamentosa
2. Systemic Sympathomimetic effects |
|
|
Are Oral Decongestants:
a) sympathomimetics b) anticholinergic c) Both |
NOT anticholinergic
Sympathomimetics; work systemically on all vascular beds in the body as vasoconstrictors |
|
|
Sudafed PE vs Sudafed
|
Sudafed PE:
Phenylephrine (PE) ingredient is less likely to be converted to methamphetamine Sudafed: Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is more absorbant and stronger |
|
|
What are different dosings and directions for Sudafed?
|
PSE 30 -60 mg TID-QID
PSE extended release 120mg BID PSE 240mg QD |
|
|
What is the dosing of Sudafed for Children 6-12 and Age 2-6?
|
Children 6-12= 30mg Q6H
Age 2-6= 15 mg Q6H |
|
|
What is the Sudafed Law?
|
Max 9 grams of PSE in 30 days
Max 3.6 g in 24 hours |
|
|
Ingredients added to precursors chemical list?
SUDAFED LAW |
Benzaldehyde
Hydriodic acid Nitroethane |
|
|
Ingredients added to essential chemicals list?
SUDAFED LAW |
Anhydrous ammonia
Benzyl chloride Hydrochloric acid Iodine |
|
|
How many Sudafed tablets does it take to get 1 OZ of Methamphetamine
|
300 Tablets
$250 per gram 1 oz~ 30 grams $7,500 meth= 300 tablets Sudafed |
|
|
What is another name for Meth labs?
|
Clandestine labs
|
|
|
Sympathomimetic adverse effects
|
Thyroid products (Tapazole, Synthroid, Thyroid)
Anti-arrhythmics (Flecainide, Inderal, Cordarone, Betapace, Verapamil, Digoxin) Urinary obstruction (Hyrtin, Cardura, Minipress, Flomax, Proscar) Potential to raise BP (Tenormin, Catapres, Aldomet, Apresoline, Capoten, Losartan, Cardizem, Verapamil, Diuretics) Diabetics problems (increase glucose levels, circulation problems) MAO Inhibitors (Parnate, Nardil) CNS Stimulation, sleep disturbances (ambien, Sonata, Restoril, Xanax, Ativan) |
|
|
Mechanism of action for Expectorants
|
1. Irritation of gastric mucosa
2. Reflex stimulation of bronchial mucous gland secretion 3. Increased production of low viscosity mucus DRINK WITH FULL GLASS OF WATER |
|
|
Main Expectorant ingredients?
Main Antitussive ingredients? |
Guaifenesin, Ammonium Chloride, Obsolete
Codeine "for dry hacking coughs", Diphenhydramine, Dextromethorphan (DM) |
|
|
What do we need to know about Dextromethorphan (DM)?
|
Dextromethorphan:
10-30 mg 3-6 times a day prn cough adverse effects: drowsiness and GI upset DO NOT take with MAOIs (Parnate and Nardil) |
|
|
Name some Antibacterials
|
1. Listerine
2. Chloraseptic Sore Throat Spray 3. Cepacol 4. Scope most infectious sore throats are VIRAL... these products would NOt influence the viral pharyngitis |
|
|
Name someAnesthetic agents
|
Benzocaine
Phenol Benzyle Alcohol |
|
|
Name some potential problems with Vitamin C
|
1. Diarrhea
2. Kidney Stones 3. Acidifies urine 4. may produce false positive of false negative glucose tests 5. Potential for stomach irritation TAKE WITH PLENTY OF FOOD AND WATER |
|
|
Actifed PE (cold and allergy)
Generic Actifed tabs |
CTM 4mg and PE 10 mg
Triprolidine with PSE CTM= antihistamine Triprolidine= antihistamine PE= decongestant PSE= decongestant |
|
|
Advil Cold and Sinus
|
IBU 200 mg and PSE 30mg
|
|
|
Afrin Spray and Drops
|
Oxymetazoline, topical sympathomimetic
|
|
|
Alka-Seltzer Plus Cold Formula Effervescent
|
CTM and ASA and PE
|
|
|
Benadryl
|
Diphen 25 mg
|
|
|
Chlortrimeton
|
CTM 4mg IR
CTM 12mg long acting |
|
|
Claritin
Claritin-D 12 hours Claritin-D 24 hours |
Loratadine 10 mg
Loratadine 5 mg, PSE 120mg Loratadine 10 mg, PSE 240mg |
|
|
Coricidin HBP cold and flu
Coricidin HBP cough and cold |
cold and flu: APAP 325mg, CTM 2mg
cough and cold: DM 30mg, CTM 4mg |
|
|
Delsym suspension
|
DM 30mg/ tsp
|
|
|
Nyquil cold and flu Liquid
Nyquil cold and flu Liquicaps Dayquil |
(doxy 6.25mg, APAP 500 mg, DM 15mg) /15 ml and 10% Alcohol
(doxy 6.25mg, APAP 325mg, DM 15 mg)/ cap PE, APAP, DM (No alcohol or liquid) |
|
|
Robitussin Chest Congestion
Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion Robitussion CF Cough and Cold (Complete Formula) Robitussin Cough Long acting Robitussion Cough sugar free DM |
Robitussin Chest Congestion- 100 G/tsp
Robitussin Cough and Chest Congestion- 100 G and 10 mg DM/ tsp Robitussion CF Cough and Cold (Complete Formula)- PE 5mg, DM 10mg, G 100 mg/tsp Robitussin Cough Long acting- DM only 15mg/tsp (EtoH and sugar) Robitussion Cough sugar free DM- DM 10mg and G 100 mg/ tsp (No sugar or alcohol) |
|
|
Name the only Robitussion without Guaifenesin
|
Robitussin Cough Long acting
|
|
|
Sudafed Non Drowsy
Sudafed 12 hours Sudafed 24 hours |
PSE 30 mg
PSE 120mg PSE 240mg |
|
|
Zyrtec tablets, liquid
Zyrtec D tabs |
Cetirizine 10 mg, liquid 5 mg/ mL
Cetirizine 5 mg and PSE 120 mg (Q12H) |
|
|
Airborne Original Dietary Supplement Effervescent Tablets
|
Vitamins
Herbals amino acids Vitamin C 1000mg per tab |
|
|
ZICAM Cold Remedy Tablets
|
Zinc compounds with homeopathic ingredients
|
|
|
Theraflu Nighttime Severe Cold and Cough Packets
Theraflu Daytime Severe Cold and Cough Packets Theraflu FLU and Sore Throat Packets |
Theraflu Nighttime Severe Cold and Cough Packets:
APAP 650 PE 10mg DIPHENHYDRAMINE 25mg Theraflu Daytime Severe Cold and Cough Packets: APAP 650 mg PE 10 mg DEXTROMETHORPHAN 20MG Theraflu FLU and Sore Throat Packets: APAP 650mg PE 10mg PHENIRAMINE 20MG |
|
|
Father John's Medicine Cough Suppressant Liquid
|
DM 10mg/tsp
Licorice flavor No sugar or alcohol |
|
|
Safetussin DM Cough Relief Liquid
|
DM 20, G 200mg/ 10 mL
No sugar or alcohol |
|
|
Diabetic Tussin Expectorant Liquid
Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength Liquid |
G 100 mg/5mL (no sugar or alcohol)
DM 10mg, G 100 mg/ 5 mL (No sugar or alcohol) |
|
|
Buckley's Cough Mixture Liquid
|
DM 12.5mg/ 5 mL
strong medicinal, "brisk" taste formulation with plant gums, pine needle oil, tincture of cpasicum |
|
|
Side Note:
Drugs for during Pregnancy |
Ducosate
Robitussin APAP Penicillin |
|
|
Name drugs that are Antihistamines only
|
Benadryl
Chlortimeton Claritin Alavert |
|
|
Name drugs that are Sympathomimetics only
|
Sudafed
Sudafed PE |
|
|
Name combination tablets (Antihistamine and sympathomimetic)
|
Actifed PE Cold and Allergy
Claritin D |
|
|
Guaifenesin only products
|
Robitussin
Mucinex |
|
|
Dextromethorphan only products
|
Delsym
Robitussin Cough Long Acting |
|
|
Dextromethorphan and Guaifenesin Combo products
|
Robitussin DM
Safe Tussin DM Diabetic Tussin DM Robitussin Sugar Free Cough DM Mucinex DM tablets |
|
|
Salt solutions:
Ocean for Kids Ocean Ultra Ocean Complete Nasal Saline Wash (Neti Pot) SinuCleanse system |
Salt solutions: NaCl 0.65%
Ocean for Kids- contains glycerin Ocean Ultra- contains hyaluronan Ocean Complete- two tops; one for irrigation and one for moisturizing mist Nasal Saline Wash (Neti Pot) SinuCleanse system |
|
|
Halls
Vicks Vapo Rub Vicks Cough Drops |
Halls- Menthol
Vicks Vapo Rub- Menthol, Camphor, Eucalyptus oil, petrolatum, turpentine oil Vicks Cough drops: menthol |
|
|
Benzedrex Inhaler
|
Propylhexedrine
|
|
|
Cepacol Sore throat lozenges
Cepastat Lozenges |
Cepacol- Benzocaine, menthol, cetylpyridinium cl
Cepastat- Phenol |
|
|
Chloraseptic Sore Throat Lozenges
vs Chloraseptic Sore Throat Spray |
Lozenges- Benzocain, menthol
Spray- Phenol |
|
|
Mucinex ER
Mucinex ER Maximum Strength |
600 mg G
1200 mg G |
|
|
Mucinex DM ER
Mucinex DM ER Maximum Strength |
600 mg G with 30 mg DM
1200 mg G with 60 mg DM |
|
|
Mucinex D ER
Mucinex D ER Maximum Strength |
600 mg G with 60 PSE
1200 mg G with 120 PSE |
|
|
Ricola
|
Natural Herb cough drops
Menthol in a blend of herbs |
|
|
Sucrets-Sore Throat lozenges
Wild Cherry Original Mint |
cherry- Dyclonine
mint- Hexylresorcinol |
|
|
Sucrets Complete
|
Dyclonine HCl 3 mg (local anesthtic)
Menthol 6 mg (Cough suppressent) |
|
|
Zinc Lozenges
|
Vitamin A
Vitamin C Zinc Aspartate |
|
|
Alkalol
|
Thymol
Eucalyptol Menthol Camphor Benzoin alum sodium bicarbonate dilute ethanol (Gargle-DON'T DRINK) |
|
|
Nasalcrom Nasal Spray
|
Cromolyn Sodium
stabilizes mast cells- reduces release of histamine |
|
|
Name 2 OTC Asthma Products
|
1. Primatene Mist
2. Bronkaid and Primatene tablets |
|
|
Primatene Mist
|
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
|
|
|
Bronkaid Tablets
|
Ephedrine and Guaifenesin
|
|
|
How does Primatene Mist work?
|
Direct acting stimulant of ALL sympathetic (adrenergic) receptors
B1- heart palpitations B2- Bronchodilation |
|
|
Primatene Tablets
|
Ephedrine and Guaifenesin
|
|
|
Chemicals that screen UVB radiation?
|
1. Anthranilates
2. Benzophenones 3. Cinnamates 4. Salicylates |
|
|
Chemicals that screen UVA radiation?
|
Dibenzoylmethane derivatives: Avobenzone
|
|
|
Agents that scatter rather than absorb UV and visible radiation
|
Sunblocks:
1. Zince Oxide 2. Titanium Dioxide 3. Zinc oxide ointment (white ointment) 4. Zinc oxide paste (white occlusive sunblock) |
|
|
What is the oil in Poison Ivy that causes the redness or rash, then raised lesions, and intense itching
|
Urushiol
|
|
|
Medications associated with Photosensitivity Reactions
|
Antidepressants
Antihistamine Tetracyclines Anticancer drugs Antipsychotics Coal tar products Anti-infectives Estrogens Progestins NSAIDs Sulfonamides Sulfonylureas Quinolones St. John's Wort Diuretics Griseofulvin |
