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276 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metformin
Brand name? |
Glucophage
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Metformin
Generic? |
YES
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Metformin
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
500, 750, 850mg |
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Metformin
Indication? |
NIDDM (type 2)
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Metformin
Take with/before/after? |
With meals
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Metformin
MoA? |
Biguanide
Dec intestinal absorption of glucose Dec hepatic gluconeogenesis Inc insulin sensitivity |
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Metformin
Drug interactions? |
Furosemide, cimetidine, nifedipine (may inc plasma levels of met).
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Metformin
Contraindications? |
-impaired renal
-impaired hepatic -metabolic acidosis -diabetic ketoacidosis |
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Metformin
Adverse effects? |
-Dec Vit B12 absorption
-Lactic acidosis -DNV (diarhea, nausea, vomiting) -Flatulence, bloating -Anorexia |
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Metformin
PxCx? |
-with meals
-alcohol -diet/exercise -stop if hypervent, myalgia, malaise -keep well hydrated |
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Glipizide
Brand name? |
Glucotrol/XL
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Glipizide
Generic? |
YES
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Glipizide
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
5mg, 10mg |
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Glipizide
Indication? |
NIDDM (type 2)
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Glipizide
MoA? |
Sulfonylurea
Insulin secretagogue Inc affinity insulin + Rx Inc # insulin Rx |
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Glipizide
Drug interactions? |
-Dicumarol, chloramphenicol, alcohol, MAOi's, phenylbutazones, salicylates, sulfonamides (inc effects of insulin)
-Diazoxide, rifampin, TZD (dec effects of insulin) |
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Glipizide
Adverse effects? |
-Nausea
-Diarrhea -Heartburn -Pruritus (itch) -Urticaria (hives/skin rash) -Mild hypoglycemia |
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Glipizide
PxCx |
-30 mins before meals
-Compliance -Diet -Alcohol -Take missing ASAP, or wait if close -Store cool/dry/light |
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Glyburide
Generic? |
YES
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Glyburide
Brand name? |
Micronase
Diabeta |
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Glyburide
Dosage form? |
Tabs
1.25mg, 2.5mg, 5.0mg |
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Glyburide
Indication? |
NIDDM (type 2)
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Glyburide
MoA? |
-Sulfonylurea
-Insulin secretagogue -Inc affinity insulin + Rx -Inc # insulin Rx |
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Glyburide
Drug interactions? |
-Dicumarol, chloramphenicol, alcohol, MAOis, phenylbutazones, salicylates, sulfonamides (inc effects of insulin)
-Diazoxide, rifampin, TZD (dec effects of insulin) |
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Glyburide
Adverse effects? |
-Nausea
-Diarrhea -Heartburn -Pruritus -Urticaria -Mild hypoglycemia |
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Glyburide
PxCx |
-With meals
-Compliance -Diet -Alcohol -Take missed dose ASAP, wait if close -Store cool/dry/light |
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Glimepiride
Brand name? |
Amaryl
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Glimepiride
Generic? |
YES
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Glimepiride
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
1mg, 2mg, 4mg |
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Glimepiride
Indication? |
NIDDM (type 2)
Use with insulin |
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Glimepiride
MoA? |
Sulfonylurea
Insulin secretagogue Inc insulin sensitivity Note: metabolized by Cyp450 2C9 |
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Glimepiride
Drug interactions? |
No significant interactions, but...
Caution with drugs affecting cyp450 2c9 (micronazole, phenytoin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid) |
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Glimepiride
Adverse effects? |
-dizziness
-asthenia -headache -nausea |
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Glimepiride
PxCx? |
-store cool/dry/light
-take missed dose ASAP, wait if close -with meal -compliance -diet -alcohol |
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Sitagliptin
Generic? |
NO
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Sitagliptin
Brand name? |
Januvia
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Sitagliptin
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
25mg, 50mg, 100mg |
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Sitagliptin
Indications? |
NIDDM (type 2)
use alone, with metformin, with PPAR |
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Sitagliptin
MoA? |
DPP4 inhibitor (inc's incretin duration)
thus inc's insulin and dec's hepatic gluconeogenesis |
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Sitagliptin
Drug interactions? |
Inc Cmax of digoxin
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Sitagliptin
Adverse effects? |
nasopharyngitis (the common cold)
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Sitagliptin
PxCx? |
-no regard to meals
-diet and exercise -quarterly HbA1c tests -store cool/dry/light -take missed dose ASAP (DONT wait if close) |
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Pioglitazone
Generic? |
NO
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Pioglitazone
Brand name? |
Actos
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Pioglitazone
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
15mg, 30mg, 45mg |
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Pioglitazone
Indications? |
NIDDM (type 2)
Use alone, with sulfonylurea, with metformin, with insulin |
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Pioglitazone
MoA? |
TZD (binds to PPAR)
inc's insulin sensitivity dec's hepatic gluconeo. |
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Pioglitazone
Drug interactions? |
Ketoconazole, itraconasole, gemfibrozil (dec metab of pio)
Rifampin (inc metab of pio) |
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Pioglitazone
Contras? |
-NYHA Class 3/4 heart failure
-Congestive heart failure -Dont use for Type 1 (insulin must be present) -Hepatic dysfunction -> hepatic toxicity -Liver enzyme monitoring |
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Pioglitazone
Adverse effects? |
-upper respir tract infection
-headache -sinusitis -myalgia -tooth disorder -aggrevate diabetes -pharyngitis |
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Pioglitazone
PxCx? |
-regardless of meals
-diet/exercise -quarterly HbA1c tests -store cool/dry/light -take missed dose ASAP (DONT wait if close) |
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Insulin Lispro
Generic? |
NO
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Insulin Lispro
Brand name? |
Humalog
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Insulin Lispro
Dosage forms? |
100 units/ml
75/25 mix (protamine susp/insulin soln) 50/50 mix |
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Insulin Lispro
Indications? |
Type 1 and 2 diabetes
Rapid onset, shorter duration than regular insulin (longer duration with more protamine) |
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Insulin Lispro
MoA? |
-inc glucose uptake
-inc protein synthesis -dec triglycerides B28 and B29 swap |
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Insulin Lispro
Drug interactions? |
Alcohol, anabolic steroids, non selective beta blockers, clofibrate, fenfluramine, guanethidine, MAOi's, phenylbutazone, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, tetracyclines (inc glucose lowering)
Corticosteroids, diltiazem, dobutamine, epinephrine, oral contraceptives, thiazide diuretics, thyroid hormone, smoking (dec's glucose lowering) |
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Insulin Lispro
Adverse effects? |
-hypoglycemia
-hypersensitivity rxn (redness, swelling, itching and lipids at inj site) -lipodystrophy at site |
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Insulin Lispro
PxCx? |
-diet
-TAKE 15 MINS BEFORE EATING -no mixing, brand/dose changes -monitor blood/urine glucose -diabetic id -store in refrigerator |
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Insulin Glargine
Generic? |
NO
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Insulin glargine
Brand name? |
Lantus
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Insulin glargine
Dosage forms? |
SQ Injection
100 units/ml in 10ml vials in 3ml SoloStar pens |
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Insulin glargine
Indication? |
Type 1 and 2
Long acting insulin |
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Insulin glargine
MoA? |
-inc glucose uptake
-inc protein synthesis -dec triglycerides -A21 asparagine replaced by glycine -Two arginines added to C term of B chain |
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Insulin glargine
Drug interactions? |
Alcohol, anabolic steroids, non selective beta blockers, clofibrate, fenfluramine, guanethidine, MAOi's, phenylbutazone, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, tetracyclines (inc glucose lowering)
Corticosteroids, diltiazem, dobutamine, epinephrine, oral contraceptives, thiazide diuretics, thyroid hormone, smoking (dec's glucose lowering) |
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Insulin glargine
Adverse effects? |
-hypoglycemia
-allergic reaction |
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Insulin glargine
PxCx? |
-diet
-no changes, mixing -clear, colorless, no particles -refrigerate, discard open vials after 28 days -monitor blood/urine glucose -diabetic id -take missed dose ASAP |
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Insulin
Brand name? |
Novolin
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Insulin (Novolin)
Generic? |
NO
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Insulin (novolin)
Dosage forms? |
NPH (isophane)
R (regular) 70/30 (isophane/regular) |
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Insulin (novolin)
Indications? |
Type 1 and 2 diabetes
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Insulin (novolin)
onset/durations? |
NPH: 3-4 hrs/24 hrs
R: 1 hr/6-8hrs 70/30: 1hr/24 hrs |
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Insulin (novolin)
MoA? |
-inc glucose uptake
-inc protein synthesis -dec triglycerides -Novolin is semisynthetic insulin |
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Insulin (novolin)
Drug interactions? |
Alcohol, anabolic steroids, non selective beta blockers, clofibrate, fenfluramine, guanethidine, MAOi's, phenylbutazone, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, tetracyclines (inc glucose lowering)
Corticosteroids, diltiazem, dobutamine, epinephrine, oral contraceptives, thiazide diuretics, thyroid hormone, smoking (dec's glucose lowering) |
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Insulin (novolin)
Adverse effects? |
-hypoglycemia
-hypersensitivity rxn (redness, swelling, itching and lipids at inj site) -lipodystrophy at site |
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Insulin (novolin)
PxCx? |
-diet
-no changes, mixing -store cool/dry/light -monitor blood/urine glucose -diabetic id -take missed dose ASAP |
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Insulin Aspart
Brand name? |
Novolog
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Insulin Aspart
Generic? |
NO
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Insulin Aspart
Dosage forms? |
100 units/ml
70/30 (70 protamine soln/30 insulin soln) |
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Insulin Aspart
Indications? |
Type 1 and 2 diabetes
Rapid onset and shorter duration than regular insulin Longer duration with protamine |
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Insulin Aspart
MoA? |
-inc glucose uptake
-inc protein synthesis -dec triglycerides -B28 proline replaced by aspartic acid |
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Insulin Aspart
Drug interactions? |
Alcohol, anabolic steroids, non selective beta blockers, clofibrate, fenfluramine, guanethidine, MAOi's, phenylbutazone, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, tetracyclines (inc glucose lowering)
Corticosteroids, diltiazem, dobutamine, epinephrine, oral contraceptives, thiazide diuretics, thyroid hormone, smoking (dec's glucose lowering) |
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Insulin Aspart
Adverse effects? |
-hypoglycemia
-hypersensitivity rxn (redness, swelling, itching and lipids at inj site) -lipodystrophy at site |
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Insulin Aspart
PxCx? |
-diet
-TAKE 5-10 MINS BEFORE EATING -no changes, mixing -refrigerate -monitor blood/urine glucose -diabetic id |
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Alendronate
Brand name? |
Fosamax
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Alendronate
Generic? |
YES, tabs w/o vitamin D
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Alendronate
Dosage forms? |
Tabs:
5, 10, 35, 40, 70mg Oral soln: 70mg/70ml Fosamax Plus D: 70mg/2800 IU vit D Fosamax Plus D: 70mg/5600 IU vit D |
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Alendronate
Indications? |
Osteoporosis
Paget's disease |
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Alendronate
MoA? |
Inhibits osteoclast activity
Gain bone mass |
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Alendronate
Drug interactions? |
Ca+ and antacids dec absorption if w/in 30 mins
Aspirin may inc gi effects |
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Alendronate
Adverse effects? |
-ab pain
-constipation -diarrhea -flatulence -musculoskeletal pain |
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Alendronate
PxCx? |
-MUST TAKE w/ PLAIN WATER UPON RISING
-MUST STAND or SIT for 30 MINS -DONT EAT FOR 30 MINS -no oral meds within 30 mins of fosamax -store cool/dry/light |
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Risedronate
Brand name? |
Actonel
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Risedronate
Generic? |
NO
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Risedronate
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
5, 30, 35, 75, 150mg Tabs w/ Ca+ 35mg + six CaCO3 tabs per packet |
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Risedronate
Indications? |
Osteoporosis
Paget's disease |
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Risedronate
MoA? |
pyridinyl bisphosphonate
inhibits osteoclasts (antiresorptive) Not metabolized |
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Risedronate
Drug interactions? |
Ca+, antacids, oral meds with divalent cations reduce absorption of risedronate
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Risedronate
Adverse effects? |
none really
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Risedronate
PxCx? |
-MUST TAKE w/ PLAIN WATER UPON RISING
-MUST STAND or SIT for 30 MINS -DONT EAT FOR 30 MINS |
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Ibandronate
Brand name? |
Boniva
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Ibandronate
Generic? |
NO
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Ibandronate
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
2.5mg, 150mg Injection 1mg/ml in 3 ml syringe |
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Ibandronate
Indications? |
Osteoporosis
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Ibandronate
MoA? |
Bisphosphonate
inhibits osteoclasts |
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Ibandronate
Drug interactions? |
Ca+ and antacids dec absorption of ibandronate if w/in 60 mins
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Ibandronate
Adverse effects? |
none/rare
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Ibandronate
PxCx? |
-MUST TAKE w/ PLAIN WATER UPON RISING
-MUST STAND or SIT for 60 MINS -DONT EAT FOR 60 MINS -Store cool/dry/light |
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Brand name? |
Drisdol
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Generic? |
YES
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Dosage forms? |
Softgel caps
1.25mg (same as 50,000 IU) Drops 200 IU/drop (8000 IU/ml) |
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Indications? |
Vitamin D deficiency
Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia |
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
MoA? |
Regulates absorption of Ca and phosphorus in intestine
Inc bone mineralization (me) IBLV the extra Ca+ will bind phosphates in the blood, lowering free phosphates. |
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Drug interactions? |
Mineral oil decreases absorption of vit D (and all fat soluable vitamins)
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Adverse effects? |
Therapeutic window is narrow, possible toxicity causing:
renal dysfunction, retardation, bone demineralization, calcification of soft tissues, nausea, anorexia, constipation, anemia, wgt loss |
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Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
PxCx? |
-Take Ca+ supplement
-Dont exceed dosage strength -Store cool/dry/light |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Brand name? |
Premarin
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Generic? |
NO
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
0.3, 0.45, 0.625, 0.9, 1.25mg Vag Cream 0.625mg/gram IV 25mg/Secule |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Indications? |
Treated by oral form:
Vasomotor Hypogonadism Female castration Primary ovarian failure Breast cancer (palliation) Prostatic carcinoma (palliation) Osteoporosis (postmenopausal) Treated by IV form: Abnormal uterine bleeding Treated by vag cream: Atrophic vaginitis Kraurosis vulvae dyspareunia |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
MoA? |
Contains estrone, equilin, 17a-dihydroequilin (source mare's urine)
Dec GnRH, LH, FSH |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Drug interactions? |
Barbiturates, rifampin, hydantoins inc metabolism of estrogens.
Estrogens inc toxicity of corticosteroids |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Contras? |
Breast cancer
Estrogen dependent neoplasia Pregnancy (cat X) ThromboXXX On and on and on... |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
Adverse effects? |
Rash
Acne Alopecia Hirsuitism Abnormal menstual bleeding Edema Wgt changes Jaundice Depression Pyrexia Insomnia Nausea Somnolence |
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Estrogens (conjugated)
PxCx? |
Discontinue if pregnancy suspected
Take missed dose ASAP Store cool/dry/light |
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Estradiol
Brand name? |
Estrace
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Estradiol
Generic |
YES
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Estradiol
Dosage forms? |
Tab 0.5, 1, 2mg
Vag cream 0.1mg/gram |
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Estradiol
Indications? |
Vasomotor
Atrophic vaginitis Kraurosis Female hypogonadism Female castration Primary ovarian failure Prostatic cancer Breast cancer Osteoporosis (postmenopausal) |
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Estradiol
MoA? |
Source: 17b-estradiol
<usual estrogen effects> |
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Estradiol
Drug interactions? |
Broad spectrum antibiotics may alter absorption.
Barbiturates and hydantoins may inc metab. |
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Estradiol
Contras? |
Breast cancer
Estrogen dependent neoplasia Pregnancy (cat X) ThromboXXX On and on and on... |
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Estradiol
Adverse effects? |
Ab cramping
nausea vomiting edema <cardiovascular disorders> <thromboembolic disorder> breast tenderness headache wgt changes dysmenorrhea breakthrough bleeding |
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Estradiol
PxCx? |
Dont take during pregnancy
Insert vag applicator deep into vag Store cool/dry/light Skip missed dose |
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Raloxifene
Brand name? |
Evista
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Raloxifene
Generic? |
NO
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Raloxifene
Dosage forms? |
Tab
60mg |
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Raloxifene
Indications? |
Osteoporosis
Breast cancer prevention |
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Raloxifene
MoA? |
(acts like estrogen)
Dec bone resorption Dec LDL Inc HDL Antagonist in uterus and breast |
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Raloxifene
Drug interactions? |
Cholestyramine dec's BA
Diazepam, clofibrate, indomethacin, naproxen, ibuprofen, diazoxide bind to same plasma proteins (can inc free raloxifene?) |
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Raloxifene
Contras? |
Suspected pregnancy
ThromboXXX Immobility -> clotting |
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Raloxifene
Adverse effects? |
Hot flashes
leg cramps wgt gain peripheral edema sinusitis rash sweating |
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Raloxifene
PxCx? |
Discontinued prior to immobility, travel
Ware clotting signs Discontinue if pregnancy suspected Take missed dose ASAP Store cool/dry/light |
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Tamoxifen
Brand name? |
Nolvadex
|
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Tamoxifen
Generic? |
YES
|
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Tamoxifen
Dosage forms? |
Tab
10mg, 20mg |
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Tamoxifen
Indications? |
Tx metastatic breast cancer
Reduce risk of breast cancer (including DCIS, ductile carcinoma in situ) |
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Tamoxifen
MoA? |
Estrogen rx:
Antagonist in breast Agonist in endometrium |
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Tamoxifen
Drug interactions? |
Inc's effects of oral anticoags
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Tamoxifen
Contras? |
Fetal harm
Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Nursing |
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Tomoxifen
Adverse effects? |
Hot flashes
Nausea Vomiting |
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Tomoxifen
PxCx? |
Store cool/dry/light
Take missed dose ASAP |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Brand name? |
Trivora
Triphasil Enpresse |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Generic? |
YES
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Dosage forms? |
Tab
First 6 days: 0.05mg levo/30mcg ee Next 5 days: 0.075mg levo/40mcg ee Last 10 days: 0.125mg levo/ 30mcg ee |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Indications? |
Prevent pregnancy
Once daily for 21 or 28 days Start on 5th day of cycle |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
MoA? |
Suppresses LH and FSH
No ovulation Thickens cervical mucous (poor sperm penetration) Alters endometrium (poor implantation) |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Drug interations? |
Broad spectrum ABs alter entero-hepatic recirculation of estrogen, dec reabsorption (ampicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline)
Barbiturates and hydantoins inc metab of estrogens Rifampin dec's effects St Johns Wort inc's hepatic enzymes and p-glycoprotein transporters, and reduces oral contraceptives in general Ethinyl estradiol may inhibit metab of theophylline, prednisolone, cyclosporine |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Contras? |
Thromboembolic disorders
Breast cancer Pregnancy (cat X) Genital bleeding Liver tumors Cerebral vascular disease Cardiovascular disease |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Adverse effects? |
Ab cramping
Acne Anorexia Nausea/Vomiting Edema Tiredness/weakness Rare: CV and TE disorders |
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Levonorgestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
PxCx? |
Use another birth control during first THREE weeks and during AB use.
Store cool/dry/light Dont help with STDs Breakthru bleeding may occur If 1 missed, take 2 for 1 day If 2 missed, take 2 for 2 days If 3 missed, start new packet 7 days after last dose |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Brand name? |
NuvaRing
|
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Generic? |
NO
|
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Dosage forms? |
Vag ring (11.7mg etono, 2.7mg ee)
releases: 0.12mg/day etono, 0.015mg/day ee |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Indications? |
Prevent pregnancy
Start on day 5 of cycle Leave ring in for 21 days No ring for 7 days (during the menstuation week) |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
MoA? |
Suppresses LH and FSH
No ovulation Thickens cervical mucous (poor sperm penetration) Alters endometrium (poor implantation) etonogestrel is the active metabolite of desogestrel |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Drug interactions? |
Broad spectrum ABs alter entero-hepatic recirculation of estrogen, dec reabsorption (ampicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline)
Barbiturates and hydantoins inc metab of estrogens Rifampin dec's effects St Johns Wort inc's hepatic enzymes and p-glycoprotein transporters, and reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives in general Ethinyl estradiol may inhibit metab of theophylline, prednisolone, cyclosporine |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Contras? |
Thromboembolic disorders
Breast cancer Pregnancy (cat X) Genital bleeding Liver tumors Cerebral vascular disease Cardiovascular disease |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
Adverse effects? |
Breast tender, enlarged, secretions
<Migraine> Nausea Upper resp tract infection Cramps Rare: CV and Thrombo disorders |
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Etonogestrel (with ethinyl estradiol)
PxCx? |
Refrigerate
NO SMOKING Dispose of rings in foil Doesnt protect against STDs Breakthru bleeding Use second birth control during FIRST WEEK and during ABs |
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Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Brand name? |
Ortho-cyclen
Sprintec |
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Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Generic? |
NO
|
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Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Dosage forms? |
28 day Dialpak
Tab: 0.25mg norgestimate + 35mcg ee |
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Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Indications? |
Prevent pregnancy
One tab daily for 28 days Start on day 5 |
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Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
MoA? |
Suppresses LH and FSH
No ovulation Thickens cervical mucous (poor sperm penetration) Alters endometrium (poor implantation) |
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Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Drug interactions? |
Broad spectrum ABs alter entero-hepatic recirculation of estrogen, dec reabsorption
(ampicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline) Barbiturates and hydantoins inc metab of estrogens Rifampin dec's effects St Johns Wort inc's hepatic enzymes and p-glycoprotein transporters, and reduces oral contraceptives in general Ethinyl estradiol may inhibit metab of theophylline, prednisolone, cyclosporine |
|
|
Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Contras? |
Thromboembolic disorders
Breast cancer Pregnancy (cat X) Genital bleeding Liver tumors Cerebral vascular disease Cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
Adverse effects? |
Ab cramping
Acne Anorexia Nausea/Vomiting Edema Tiredness/weakness Rare: CV and TE disorders |
|
|
Norgestimate (with ethinyl estradiol)
PxCx? |
Use another birth control during first THREE weeks and during AB use.
Store cool/dry/light Dont help with STDs Breakthru bleeding may occur If 1 missed, take 2 for 1 day If 2 missed, take 2 for 2 days If 3 missed, start new packet 7 days after last dose |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Brand name? |
Yasmin
Ocella |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Dosage forms? |
28 day blister pack
21 yellow tabs with 3mg dros + 0.03mg ee 7 white tabs, inert |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Indications? |
Prevent pregnancy
Once daily for 28 days Start on FIRST DAY of cycle |
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|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
MoA? |
Suppresses LH and FSH
No ovulation Thickens cervical mucous (poor sperm penetration) Alters endometrium (poor implantation) Drospirenone is a spironolactone analog (with anti-MC activity and K+ retention) |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Drug interactions? |
Broad spectrum ABs alter entero-hepatic recirculation of estrogen, dec reabsorption (ampicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline)
Barbiturates and hydantoins inc metab of estrogens Rifampin dec's effects St Johns Wort inc's hepatic enzymes and p-glycoprotein transporters, and reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives in general Due to anti-MC activity, use caution with drugs that inc K+ (ACEi's, K+ sparing diuretics, heparin, aldo antagonists, nsaids) Ethinyl estradiol may inhibit metab of theophylline, prednisolone, cyclosporine |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Contras? |
Hepatic/renal dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency (due to anti-MC activity?)
Thromboembolic disorders Breast cancer Pregnancy (cat X) Genital bleeding Liver tumors Cerebral vascular disease Cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
Adverse effects? |
Breast tender, enlarged
Migraine Nausea, vomiting Cramps Edema Wgt changes Menstrual flow changes Rare: CV and Thrombo disorders |
|
|
Drospirenone (with ethinyl estradiol)
PxCx? |
Use another birth control during FIRST WEEK and during AB use.
Store cool/dry/light Dont help with STDs Breakthru bleeding may occur If 1 missed, take 2 for 1 day If 2 missed, take 2 for 2 days If 3 missed, start new cycle |
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|
Ferrous Sulfate
Brand name? |
Slow FE
|
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
IR: 325mg FS + 65mg iron Slow: 160mg dried FS + 50mg iron |
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
Indications? |
Iron deficiency anemia
|
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
MoA? |
Iron for erythropoesis
Absorbed in duodenum Need 2-3mg of iron per kg body wgt |
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
Drug interactions? |
Antacids dec absorption of iron
Iron dec's absorption of tetracyclines, quinolones, levodopa |
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
Adverse effects? |
Constipation
Nausea Vomiting Heartburn Diarrhea |
|
|
Ferrous Sulfate
PxCx? |
Take IR fasting
Take Slow with food Store cool/dry/light |
|
|
Levothyroxine
Brand name? |
Synthroid
Levoxyl Levothroid |
|
|
Levothyroxine
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Levothyroxine
Dosage forms? |
Tabs 25, 50, 75, 88, 100, 112, 125, 137, 150, 175, 200, 300mcg (note mcg, not mg)
Injection 200mcg and 300mcg per vial Equivalence: 0.1mg levo = 65mg dessicated thyroid |
|
|
Levothyroxine
Indications? |
Replacement therapy for low/no thyroid function
Myxedema coma/stupor |
|
|
Levothyroxine
MoA? |
Inc growth/development
Inc metabolic rate Lipid and carb metabolism |
|
|
Levothyroxine
Drug interactions? |
Inc's effects of oral anticoags
Cholestyramine dec's absorption of levo Dec's effect of digitalis |
|
|
Levothyroxine
Contras? |
Adrenal cortical insufficiency
Untreated thyrotoxicosis Acute myocardial infarction |
|
|
Levothyroxine
Adverse effects? |
Rare
|
|
|
Levothyroxine
PxCx? |
Dont discontinue without Dr
Hair loss in kids Store cool/dry/light |
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Brand name? |
Armour
|
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300mg 60mg = 1 grain |
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Indications? |
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid cancer Myxedema coma Thyroid suppression |
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
MoA? |
Inc growth/development
Inc metabolic rate Lipid and carb metabolism |
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Drug interactions? |
Inc's effects of oral anticoags
Cholestyramine dec's absorption of thyroid des. Dec's effect of digitalis |
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Contras? |
Adrenal cortical insufficiency
Untreated thyrotoxicosis |
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
Adverse effects? |
Rare
|
|
|
Thyroid dessicated
PxCx? |
Dont discontinue without Dr
Hair loss in kids Store cool/dry/light |
|
|
Prednisone
Brand name? |
Deltasone
|
|
|
Prednisone
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Prednisone
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50mg Soln 5mg/5ml Intensol soln 5mg/ml |
|
|
Prednisone
Indications? |
Allergies
Inflammation TB meningitis adjunct Trichinosis Ulcerative colitis SLE MS Tons of itis's |
|
|
Prednisone
MoA? |
Adrenocorticoids suppress inflammation
|
|
|
Prednisone
Drug interactions? |
antagonizes AchE
Barbiturates, hydantoin, rifampin inc metab Estrogens dec metab Ketoconazole inc's effects Dec's effect of salicylates |
|
|
Prednisone
Contras? |
Systemic fungal infections
|
|
|
Prednisone
Adverse effects? |
Blurred vision
Upset stomach NV Fluid/electrolyte disturbance Cushing's Infections Osteoporosis Behavior disturbances Supresses growth in kids More.. |
|
|
Prednisone
PxCx? |
Dont stop without Dr
Store cool/dry/light |
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Brand name? |
Medrol
|
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
2, 4, 8, 16, 32mg Dosepak 21 (4mg) tabs Injection Depo-Medrol 40mg/ml, 80mg/ml |
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Indications? |
Allergies
Inflammation TB meningitis adjunct Trichinosis Ulcerative colitis SLE MS Tons of itis's |
|
|
Methylprednisolone
MoA? |
Adrenocorticoids suppress inflammation
|
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Drug interactions? |
Antagonizes AchE
Barbiturates, hydantoin, rifampin inc metab Estrogens dec metab Ketoconazole inc's effects Dec's effect of salicylates |
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Contras? |
Systemic fungal infections
|
|
|
Methylprednisolone
Adverse effects? |
Blurred vision
Upset stomach NV Fluid/electrolyte disturbance Cushing's Infections Osteoporosis Behavior disturbances Supresses growth in kids More.. |
|
|
Methylprednisolone
PxCx? |
Dont stop without Dr
Store cool/dry/light |
|
|
Triamcinolone
Brand name? |
Kenalog
|
|
|
Triamcinolone
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Triamcinolone
Dosage forms? |
Oint: 0.025%, 0.1%, 0.5%
Cream: 0.025%, 0.1%, 0.5% Lotion: 0.025%, 0.1% Aerosol: 0.1% Injection: 10mg/ml, 40mg/ml Dental paste: 0.1% |
|
|
Triamcinolone
Indications? |
Inflammation
|
|
|
Triamcinolone
MoA? |
Corticosteroid dec's inflammation
|
|
|
Triamcinolone
Drug interactions? |
Synergistic/additive with systemic corticosteroids
|
|
|
Triamcinolone
Adverse effects? |
Burning
Itching Skin atrophy These are worse with occlusive dressing |
|
|
Triamcinolone
PxCx? |
Avoid eyes
Store cool/dry/light Take missed dose ASAP |
|
|
Montelukast
Brand name? |
Singulair
|
|
|
Montelukast
Generic? |
NO
|
|
|
Montelukast
Dosage forms? |
Tabs
10mg Chewie tab 4mg, 5mg Granules 4mg per foil |
|
|
Montelukast
Indications? |
Asthma
Allergic rhinitis |
|
|
Montelukast
MoA? |
Antagonizes leukotrienes in the lungs
by binding to CysLT1 Rx inhibiting LTD4 |
|
|
Montelukast
Drug interactions? |
Phenobarbital inc's metab of montie
Montie dec's metab of paclitaxel, rosiglitazone, repaglinide |
|
|
Montelukast
Contras? |
Acute asthma
Status asthmaticus |
|
|
Montelukast
Adverse effects? |
Headache
Influenza Cough Ab pain dyspepsia dizziness |
|
|
Montelukast
PxCx? |
Take consistently
Take missed dose ASAP Store cool/dry/light Granules directly in mouth, or with soft food (applesauce, carrots, rice, icecream) |
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Brand name? |
Flovent
|
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Generic? |
NO
|
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Dosage forms? |
Aerosol
MDI (metered dose inhaler) 44, 110, 220mcg/actuation Diskus 50, 100, 250mcg/inhalation |
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Indications? |
Asthma maintenance
|
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
MoA? |
Corticosteroid that dec's inflammation in lungs
|
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Drug interactions? |
Synergistic/additive with systemic corticosteroids
|
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Contras? |
Acute asthma
Status asthmaticus |
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
Adverse effects? |
Pharyngitis
Nasal congestion Upper resp infection |
|
|
Fluticasone (inhalation)
PxCx? |
Avoid eyes
Skip missed dose Not for immediate relief of bronchospasm Use a bronchodilator a few minutes prior to flovent Shake, breathe out, breathe in while pressing down on cartridge, breathe out gently Wait 1 minute between puffs Clean inhaler once a day |
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
Brand name? |
Flonase
|
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
Generic? |
YES
|
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
Dosage forms? |
Spray
50mcg/actuation |
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
Indications? |
Rhinitis (seasonal, perennial)
|
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
MoA? |
Corticosteroid reduces basophils (anti-inflam)
|
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
Drug interactions? |
Synergistic/additive with systemic corticosteroids
|
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
Adverse effects? |
Nasal burning
Epistaxis Blood in nasal mucus Pharyngitis Nasal irritation Headache |
|
|
Fluticasone (nasal)
PxCx? |
Delayed therapeutic effects (3 days - 3 weeks)
Clear nasal passages prior to use Shake well Store cool/dry/light Take missed dose ASAP |
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
Brand name? |
Nasonex
|
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
Generic? |
NO
|
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
Dosage forms? |
Nasal spray
50mcg |
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
Indications? |
Allergic rhinitis (seasonal, perennial)
|
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
MoA? |
Corticosteroid dec's inflammation
|
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
Drug interactions? |
Synergistic/additive with systemic corticosteroids
|
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
Adverse effects? |
Headache
Viral infection Pharyngitis Epistaxis Cough Upper resp tract infection |
|
|
Mometasone Furoate (intranasal)
PxCx? |
Shake well
Effects not seen for 3 days - 3 weeks Skip missed dose Clear nasal passage prior to use Store cool/dry/light |
|
|
Signs of hypoglycemia?
|
Sweating
Tremor Blurred vision Weakness Hunger Confusion |
|
Name the three structures
|
Ach (top)
Muscarine (left) Nicotine (right) |
