P1 A&p Exam Iii

Front 1

Blood volumes proxy

Back 1

5L

Front 2

hematocrit proxy

Back 2

50%

Front 3

RBC count
platelet count
wbc count proxy

Back 3

5 million
200000
10000

Front 4

protein in blood range

Back 4

6-8.4 g/dL

Front 5

Transferrin protein does

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transport iron

Front 6

albumin does

Back 6

keeps water balance in vessels

Front 7

carbonic anhydrase is/does?

Back 7

know it or blow it

Front 8

complement proteins activate?

Back 8

sumthin hold on...
the attack complex which lysis cells by insertion into membrane

Front 9

Erythropoiesis is and works how, diease association

Back 9

formation of new RBC,
stim by erythropoietin and
needs iron, folate and b12
polycythemia(excess RBCs), anemia

Front 10

Polycythemia (2 typess)

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primary (vera)-> tumor like RBC production
secondary (physiological)-> adaptation to low oxy delivery, ex high altitude

Front 11

Anemia of blood

Back 11

low RBC count, lack of energy, tiredness
Pernicous anemia lack of B12

Front 12

hemoglobin is bad for?
prevented from getting there?

Back 12

kidneys! cuz iron
the liver holds the iron with ferritin

Front 13

Bilirubin is? accociated diseases

Back 13

heme is metabolized to bilirubin, excreted in bile and into SI
disease is Jaundice, excess bilirubin, grey stool,indicates problem with liver cells
note in newborns phototherapy may be used to fix jaundice

Front 14

WBCS! are and do

Back 14

Neutrolphils-> small phags, common
Eosinophils-> kill paracites, decrease inflam
Basophils->release histamine, iflam cause
Lymphocytes-> immunity
Monocytes-> become macrophages

Front 15

Hemostasis is and how done?

Back 15

arrest of bleeding
-vascular spasm
-platelet plug
-coagulation

Front 16

platelet activation? its a doozy

Back 16

collagen shown- platelet adhere w/ vWf to collagen
activated by adhesion, granule release
Thromboxane A2 produced, ADP, serotonin and platelet activating factor released stim other platelets
A2 and sero vasoconstrict
platelets also release Ca triggering clotting path
platelet bind fibrinogen and fibrin threads to form plug

Front 17

Integrin glycoprotein receptor

Back 17

only on platelets
binds fibrinogen after activation,
can also bind vWf, fibronectin, vitronectin
GPIIb-GPIIIa

Front 18

Platelet regulation

Back 18

heparin on surface of good cells inhibit platelet adhesion
activation inhibited by prostacyclin produced by healthy cells

Front 19

COX path in platelets and endothelial cells?

Back 19

both inhibited by aspirin
in platelets make Thromboxane A2 cause vasocontric and platelet activate
in endothelial, inhibit activation of platelet and vasodilate

Front 20

Warfarin action

Back 20

anticoagulant
antagonist of Vit. K blockin clotting factor production in liver

Front 21

thrombolytic agents

Back 21

injected to dissolve clots
activate plasminogen->plasmin
plasmin of course breaks down fibrin clot

Front 22

Lymphatic system does

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fluid balance
fat absorption
defence!!!!!!

Front 23

Edema?

Back 23

abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath skin or in cavity
caused by fluid imbalance

Front 24

Different pressures in lymph sys.

Back 24

push water out cappilary
Hydrostatic blood pressure-biggest
Interstital Osmotic- small

pull water in capillary
Blood osmotic- sizable
Interstitial Hydrostatic- 0

Front 25

where lymph sys empty into?

Back 25

subclavian veins in thoractic cav

Front 26

Tonsils and spleen?

Back 26

T: groups lymphatic nodules in oral cav.
groups: palatine, pharygeal, lingual

S: left superior side abdomin
filters blood removes bad RBCs, detects foreign substances

Front 27

Thymus

Back 27

site of positive and negative selection of T cells and where they mature
in superior mediastimum

Front 28

Selection of Lymphocytes

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+ve: ensure survival of lymphocytes that react against antigens

-ve: cut from team if react with self antigent

Front 29

Antigen binding protein secreted by plasma cells

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immunoglobulin

Front 30

Membrane protein found on all nucleated cells

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MHC class I

Front 31

Membrane protein found on macrophages, B-lymphocytes, and dendritic cells

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MHC class II

Front 32

Protein produced by most cells that interferes with virus replication

Back 32

interferon

Front 33

A cell that secretes immunoglobulins

Back 33

plasma cell

Front 34

A cell that attacks virus infected cells

Back 34

Natural killer cell

Front 35

Lipid compounds that cause vascular changes and can stimulate pain receptors

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prostaglandins

Front 36

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Back 36

aziodothymidine (AZT)

Front 37

A group of proteins that form a membrane attack complex and can kill cells

Back 37

complement

Front 38

A cell that attacks parasites

Back 38

eosinophil

Front 39

A cell that produces clotting factors

Back 39

hepatocyte

Front 40

Protein produced by lymphocytes

Back 40

immunoglobulin

Front 41

May become an osteoclast

Back 41

monocyte

Front 42

The most numerous leukocyte

Back 42

neutrophil

Front 43

A cell that releases histaminase

Back 43

eosinophil

Front 44

Serum protein important for keeping water inside the blood vessels

Back 44

albumin

Front 45

A cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Back 45

erythrocyte

Front 46

A cell that releases histamine

Back 46

basophil

Front 47

Iron binding serum protein

Back 47

transferrin

Front 48

Plasma Protein not in serum?

Back 48

fibronogen, cuz serum has no clots

Front 49

Thalassemia
Sickle cell

Back 49

genetic diseases in hemoglobin leading to possible death
sickle less deadly, possible die 30

Front 50

erythropoietin, produced? acts? does?

Back 50

produced in kidney,
acts on bone marrow
stim RBC development

Front 51

aplastic anemia

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destruction of bone marrow stem cells aka no more RBCs from there

Front 52

thrombin is?

Back 52

coagulation protein, aka Factor IIa
convert Fibrinogen to fibrin

Front 53

role of vWf in adhesion?
disease?

Back 53

vWf is where binding to collagen occurs
with the disease cant bind aka no coag.

Front 54

Prostacyclin, produced where? effects?

Back 54

in endothelial cells, stops coag

Front 55

Abciximab is? does?

Back 55

-is integrin blocker that decreases platelet aggregation
-monoclonal antibody

Front 56

Hirudin does? why more effective than heparin?

Back 56

anticoag.
doesnt need antithrombin III

Front 57

why heparin and warfirin givin together?

Back 57

warfarin is slower acting so heparin is immediate effector

Front 58

tPA does?

Back 58

activate plasmin

Front 59

Blood hydrostatic
Blood osmotic
Interstitial hydrostatic
interstitial osmotic

Back 59

30-35
26-28
0
1-8

Front 60

Lymph nodes have __ in them?

Back 60

B-lymphos
T-lymphos
macrophages
other immune cells

Front 61

where lymph nodes abundant, peyers patches?

Back 61

loose connective tissues of systems with movement (respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive)
PP:nodes in digestive

Front 62

B-lymphos and what do they do?

Back 62

made in bone marrow, produce antibodies aka immunoglobulin

Front 63

helper T cells
suppressor T's
T'cell receptors

Back 63

bind with CD4 with MHC II and antigen activate and activate B cells
Sup: prevent immune response to self
T cell receptors on Helper T's

Front 64

antigen presenting cells?

Back 64

MHC II molecules on macrophages and B lympos

Front 65

self antigens
apoptosis

Back 65

tolerated by immune system, shown by T cells that will undergo positive selection
A: programmed cells death, ex if you suck at being a T cell

Front 66

CD-3 is and how useful

Back 66

on T-cells, part of T-cell recptor complex for binding with MHC II's,
Muromanab binds this and eliminates all T cells, for 48 hours,
why? WTF knows

Front 67

CD-4 vs CD-8

Back 67

CD-4 on helper T's, macrophages...
(MHC II)
CD-8 on Cytotoxic T's. NK cells
(MHC I)

Front 68

interluekins can

Back 68

stim. B cells divide when released from helper T's
IL-2 cause helper Ts divide

Front 69

Complement does? is activated by?

Back 69

complement moves around and finds cell with foreign Antibody and begins cascade with ends in cell lysis

Front 70

Rh and its problems and treatment

Back 70

in mothers that neg big deal, part of blood group
HDN is disease of newborn
RhoGam prevents immune response

Front 71

Factors effect blood vessel flow

Back 71

blood pressure
vessel length
viscosity
vessel diameter

Front 72

Local regulation of blood flow controls

Back 72

O2
CO2
Acids
Adenosine
ATP
NO
think of shit you want rid of for dilation

Front 73

Vasoconstrictor Chemicals

Back 73

NE, epi (Alpha 1)
serotonin
Thromboxane A2
substance P
endothelin
aniotensin II
vasopressin
ATP

Front 74

Vasodilalators

Back 74

Adenosin
NO
Hisamine
Prostacyclin
Epi, NE (beta 2)
Natriuretic peps

Front 75

Adenosine increasing cAMP

Back 75

through Purinergic receoptors
specifically P1A2 (not P1A1)

Front 76

Caffine blocks?

Back 76

Adenosine on P1A1 purogenic receptors

Front 77

Hyperemia types

Back 77

Active: increase blood flow cuz more metabolic activity
Reactive: increased flow after lack of flow

Front 78

P2 Purinergic receptors?

Back 78

mediate ATP induced vasoconstriction
one is target of clopidogrel

Front 79

Viagra works how?

Back 79

inhibits phosphodiesterase,
this increases GMP levels

Front 80

Calcium-Calmodulin does

Back 80

activates myosin light chain kinase
this causes smooth muscle contraction

Front 81

endothelial derived relaxation factor

Back 81

produced in endothelium of arterioles, along with NO cause vasodilation

Front 82

Endothelin

Back 82

vasoconstrictor produced by endothelial cells

Front 83

artery types

Back 83

elastic
muscular
arterioles