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209 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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quarantine barn
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1) A U.S. Department of Agriculture structure used to isolate foreign horses for a short period of time to ensure they are not carrying any diseases. The structure may be at a racetrack, airport or specially designated facility. Horses must be cleared by a federal veterinarian before being released from quarantine. 2) Any facility used to keep infected horses away from the general equine population.
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QUARTER
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One-quarter of a mile; 440 yards; 1,320 feet or the rear portion of the hoof.
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QUARTER HORSE
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Breed of horse especially fast for a quarter of a mile, from which its name is derived.
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quarter crack
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– vertical split of the hoof wall, may extend from the weight bearing surface up or reverse, result from injury or concussion or from dry shelly or improperly shod feet, often occurs during the winter or wet season.
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quarter pole
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racetrack marker that identifies one quarter mile (two furlongs) from the finish line.
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quinella
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Wager in which the first two finishers must be picked in either order, a combination in mathematics, as opposed to a permutation.
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rabbit
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A speed horse running as an entry with another, usually come-from-behind horse. The rabbit is expected to set a fast pace to help the chances of its stable mate.
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Race caller
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– the person who describes the race over the public address system at a race track.
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racing secretary
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Official who drafts conditions of races and assigns weights for handicap events.
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rail
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The barrier on either side of the racing strip. Sometimes referred to as the inside rail or "fence."
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rail runner
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Horse that prefers to run next to the inside rail.
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rank
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A horse that refuses to settle under a jockey's handling in a race, running in a headstrong manner without respect to pace.
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rattle
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Used in the expression, "He likes to hear his feet rattle," a horse that likes a firm turf course.
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receiving barn
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Structure used by horses shipping in for a race that do not have a stall at that racetrack.
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redboard
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1) Old-time method of declaring a race official, by posting a red flag or board on the tote board. 2) A mildly derogatory phrase used to describe someone who claims to have selected the winner, but always after the race.
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refuse
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1) When a horse will not break from the gate. 2) In jumping races, balking at a jump.
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reins
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Long straps, usually made of leather that are connected to the bit and used by the jockey to control the horse.
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Repository
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. The location designated by Barretts, if any, for the deposit by consignor of information regarding sale horses.
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reserve
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A minimum price, set by the consignor, for a horse in a public auction. For example, "The horse did not reach its reserve."
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reserved
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1) Held for a particular engagement or race. 2) Held off the pace.
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respiratory system
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Organ system responsible for gas exchange from nostrils to lungs.
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ridden out
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A horse that finishes a race under mild urging, not as severe as driving.
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ride short
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Using short stirrups.
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ridgling
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a gelded horse without the removal of the undescended testicle (cryptorchid).
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ringer
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a horse knowingly misrepresented for racing as another horse. A major case in New York involved a very successful veterinarian. Punishments are severe; it probably constitutes a felony. A horse that runs under the name and identity of another; presumably, an animal of superior quality to the horse whose identity it assumes.
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RNA
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"Reserve not attained”/achieved, as at a horse auction. See reserve.
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roan
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A horse color that is a mixture of red and white hairs or brown and white hairs. The mane, tail and legs may be black, chestnut or roan unless white markings are present. Starting with foals of 1993, the color classifications gray and roan were combined as "roan or gray," abbreviated ro., see gray.
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roaring (laryngeal hemiplegia)
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A whistling sound made by a horse during inhalation while exercising. It is caused by a partial or total paralysis of the nerves controlling the muscles, which elevate the arytenoid cartilages which thereby open the larynx. In severe cases, a surgical procedure known as "tie-back surgery" (laryngoplasty) is performed, in which a suture is inserted through the cartilage to hold it out of the airway permanently. Paralysis almost exclusively occurs on the left side, most frequently in horses over 16 hands high.
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rogue
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Ill-tempered horse.
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rogue's badge
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Blinkers.
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ROMP
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Running (or winning) with utmost ease.
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route
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Broadly, a race distance of longer than 1-1/8 miles, in USA 1 mile or more.
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router
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Horse that performs well at longer distances.
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run down(s)
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Abrasions of the heels, plural refers to bandages to avoid the injury.
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RUNDOWN BANDAGES (or WRAPS)
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Bandages on the hind legs, usually with a pad inside, to keep a horse from "burning" or scraping his heels when he races.
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run-out bit
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A special type of bit to prevent a horse from bearing out (or in). Glossary:
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saddle
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A Thoroughbred racing saddle is the lightest saddle used, weighing less than two pounds.
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saddle cloth
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A cotton cloth which goes under the saddle to absorb sweat. It usually has the horse's program number and sometimes, in major races, its name. Also a saddle towel.
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saddle pad
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A piece of felt, sheepskin, or more usually, foam rubber, used as a base for the saddle.
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savage
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When a horse bites another horse or a person.
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scale of weights
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Fixed weights to be carried by horses according to their age, sex, race distance,
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schooling
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Process of familiarizing a horse with the starting gate, the saddling paddock, and racing practices. In steeplechasing, more particularly to teach a horse to jump.
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schooling list
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List of horses eligible to school at the starting gate before being permitted to race.
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scratch(ed)
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removed from a race before it starts. Trainers usually scratch horses due to adverse track conditions or a horse's adverse health. A veterinarian can scratch a horse at any time.
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sealed track (slys)
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dirt track packed down to force rain water to run off providing a better, safer running surface.
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second call
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A secondary mount of a jockey in a race in the event his primary mount is scratched.
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second dam
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Grandmother of a horse. Also known as a "grand dam."
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SELLING RACE
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A claiming race.
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sesamoids
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two bones in rear of the fetlock joints that support the leg and limit motion (medial and lateral sesamoids) located above and at the back of the fetlock joint. Four common fractures of the sesamoids are apical (along the top of the bone), abaxial (the side of the sesamoid away from the ankle joint), mid-body (sesamoid broken in half) and basilar (through the bottom) fractures.
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set
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A group of horses being exercised together.
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set down
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1) A suspension. For example, "The jockey was set down five days for careless riding." 2) When a jockey assumes a lower crouch in the saddle while urging the horse to pick up speed. For example, "The horse was set down for the drive to the wire."
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sex allowance
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Female horses (fillies and mares), according to their age and the time of year, are allowed to carry three to five pounds less when meeting males.
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shadow roll
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A (usually sheepskin) roll or noseband secured over the bridge of a horse's nose to keep it from seeing shadows on the track and shying away from or jumping them.
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shank
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Rope or strap attached to a halter or bridle by which a horse is led.
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shed row
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Stable area. A row of stalls in a barn.
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sheets
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A handicapping tool assigning a numerical value to each race run by a horse to enable different horses running at different racetracks to be objectively compared.
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show
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Third position at the finish.
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show bet
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Wager on a horse to finish in the money; third or better.
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shut off
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Unable to improve position due to being surrounded by other horses.
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silks
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Jacket and cap worn by riders to designate owner of the horse, or at some smaller tracks, to designate post positions (e.g., yellow for post position one, blue for two, etc.).
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(a) Silky Sullivan
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A horse that makes a big run from far back. Named for the horse Silky Sullivan, who once made up 41 lengths to win a race.
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simulcast
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A simultaneous live television transmission of a race to other tracks, off-track betting offices or other outlets for the purpose of wagering.
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SIXTEENTH (pole)
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One-sixteenth of a mile; 110 yards, 330 feet, one-half furlong from the finish.
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sire
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1) The male parent, 2) To beget foals.
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SIX FURLONGS
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Three-quarter of a mile; 1,320 yards, the US most common racing distance.
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sloppy (track)
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A racing strip that is saturated with water; with standing water visible, sly-symbol for a sloppy track condition.
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soft (track)
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Condition of a turf course with a large amount of moisture. Horses sink very deeply into it.
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slow (track)
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A racing strip that is wet on both the surface and base.
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snip
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Small patch of white hairs on the nose or lips of a horse, an identifying mark.
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SNUG
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Mild restraining hold by rider.
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socks
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Solid white markings extending from the top of the hoof to the ankles.
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soft (track)
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sf soft track (turf). Condition of a turf course with a large amount of moisture. Horses sink very deeply into it.
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solid horse
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Contender, or “Solid” a dosage distance aptitude category.
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sophomores
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Three-year-old horses. Called sophomores because age three is the second year of racing eligibility.
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speed figure
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A handicapping tool used to assign a numerical value to a horse's performance, see Beyer number.
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SPEEDY CUT
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Injury to knee or hock caused by a strike from the opposite foot.
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Speed Rating
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Number assigned to a horses performance in a race by DRF based on 1/5ths of a second slower than the best time in 3 years (100). Above 80 is good. Above 100 is excellent.
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spit box
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A generic term describing a barn where horses are brought for post-race testing. Tests may include saliva, urine and/or blood.
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spit the (out the) bit
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A term referring to a tired horse that begins to run less aggressively, backing off on the "pull" a rider normally feels on the reins from an eager horse. Also used as a generic term for an exhausted horse.
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splint
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-- inflamed oval enlargement on the splint bone (rudimentary/vestigal cannon bones).
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spook
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A horse's reaction when startled.
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Spotters.
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The employees of the auctioneer who, acting as intermediaries between auctioneer and bidders, acknowledge bids made as a horse is auctioned.
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spread hoof
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a condition where center of the frog, the v-shaped bulbous portion bottom of the foot, splits and weakens. Treat with bar shoes, tubbing, and medication.
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sprint
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Short race, less than one mile.
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stable name or Nom de Course
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Name adopted by an owner or group of owners for racing purposes.
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Stable Release
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. The document issued in exchange for the Delivery Order which allows purchased horses to be removed from the sale premises.
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stake
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– the amount of money that is bet by an individual.
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stakes
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A race for which the owner usually must pay a fee to run a horse. The fees can be for nominating, maintaining eligibility, entering and starting, to which the track adds more money to make up the total purse. Some stakes races are by invitation and require no payment or fee.
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stakes-placed
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Finished second or third in a stakes or added money race.
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stakes horse
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A horse whose level of competition includes mostly stakes races.
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stallion
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A male horse used for breeding.
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stallion season
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The right to breed one mare to a particular stallion during one breeding season.
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stallion share
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A lifetime breeding right to a stallion; one mare per season per share.
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stall walker
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Horse that moves about its stall constantly and frets rather than rests.
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star
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1) Any of a number of white markings on the forehead. (The forehead is defined as being above an imaginary line connecting the tops of the eyes.) 2) A type of credit a horse receives from the racing secretary if it is excluded from an over-filled race, giving it priority in entering future races.
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starter
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1) An official responsible for ensuring a fair start to the race, the starter supervises the loading of horses into the starting gate through a gate crew. He/she also has control of the opening the gate. 2) A horse that is in the starting gate when the race begins, whether he runs or not.
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starter race
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An allowance or handicap race restricted to horses that have started for a specific claiming price or less.
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Starter’s List
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. A list of horses that cannot be raced or entered until they have been schooled in the gate and approved by the starter. The official track starter maintains the list.
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Steward’s List
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. A list of horses that perform poorly or have problems concerning their ownership, etc. They cannot be entered in a race until the matter is cleared by the stewards. This list is maintained by the official track stewards.
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starting gate
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Partitioned mechanical device having stalls in which the horses are confined until the starter releases the stalls' confined front doors to begin the race, “starting stalls” in Europe.
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state-bred
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A horse bred in a particular state and thus eligible to compete in races and for funds restricted to state-breds.
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stayer
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A horse that can race long distances, usually 10 furlongs or more..
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steadied
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A horse being taken in hand by its rider, usually because of being in close quarters.
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steeplechase
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A race in which horses are required to jump over a series of obstacles on the course. Also known as a "chase."
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step up
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A horse moving up in class to meet better competition.
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stewards
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Officials of the race meeting responsible for enforcing the rules of racing.
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stick
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A jockey's whip.
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STICKERS
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Calks on shoes which give a horse better traction in mud or on soft tracks.
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stirrups
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Metal "D"-shaped rings into which a jockey places his/her feet. They can be raised or lowered depending on the jockey's preference. Also known as "irons."
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stockings
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Solid white markings extending from the top of the hoof to the knee or hock.
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(home) stretch or straight
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Final straight portion of the racetrack to the finish.
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stretch call
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Position of horses at the eighth pole.
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stretch runner
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Horse that runs its fastest nearing the finish of a race.
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stretch turn
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Bend of track into the final straightaway.
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stride
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Manner of going. Also, distance covered between successive imprints of the same hoof.
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stripe
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A white marking running down a horse's face, starting under an imaginary line connecting the tops of the eyes.
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stud
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A farm that stands stallions for breeding purposes, the management of a stallion for breeding.
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stud book
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Registry and genealogical record of Thoroughbreds, maintained by the Jockey Club of the country in question. Use lower case when describing a generic stud book, all words, including "The," are capitalized when describing "The American Stud Book."
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subscription
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Fee paid by owner to nominate a horse for a stakes race or to maintain eligibility for a stakes race.
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substitute race
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Alternate race used to replace a regularly scheduled race that does not fill or is canceled.
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SUCKLING
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Thoroughbred still nursing.
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sulk
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When a horse refuses to extend itself.
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superfecta
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The bettor is required to select the first four finishers in exact order.
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suspensory ligament
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interosseous ligament, part of the ankle support system that keeps the ankle off the ground, the suspensory apparatus of sesamoid bones, flexor tendons, and other ligaments of the fetlock that support the ankle. Injury to ligaments called desmitis (see O.R. Adams).
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SUSPEND (or SUSPENSION)
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Punishment for infraction of rules. Offender denied privileges of racetrack for specified period of time. If permanently suspended: Ruled Off.
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SWAYBACK
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Horse with a dipped backbone.
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swipe
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A groom.
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Synthetic Surfaces
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artificial (not necessarily natural) dirt racing or training surfaces, which include PolyTrack™, Cushion Track™, and Tapeta Surfaces™. These are considered safer more uniform running surfaces that avoid the major problems of weather induced “off tracks”.
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tack
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1) Rider's racing equipment. Also applied to stable gear used in caring for a horse. 2) As a verb, a jockey, including his/her equipment, as in "He tacks 112 pounds."
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take (takeout)
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Commission deducted from mutuel pools which is shared by the track, horsemen (in the form of purses) and local and state governing bodies in the form of tax.
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taken up
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A horse pulled up sharply by its rider because of being in close quarters.
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tattoo
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A permanent, indelible mark on the inside of the upper lip used to identify the horse.
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teletheater
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Special facility for showing simulcast races.
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Tendon
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. Any of the inelastic cords of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone.
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Thoroughbred
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A Thoroughbred is a horse whose parentage traces back to any of the three "founding sires" the Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk, and Godolphin Barb, and who has satisfied the rules and requirements of The Jockey Club and is registered in "The American Stud Book" or in a foreign stud book recognized by The Jockey Club and the International Stud Book Committee. Any other horse, no matter what its parentage, is not considered a Thoroughbred for racing and/or breeding purposes.
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Thoroughbred Racing Associations (TRA)
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An industry group comprised of many of the racetracks in North America.
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throwing a stifle
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– dislocated patella in hind leg, just under the body . Manual replacement and inject the site.
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THRUSH
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Inflammation of the cleft of the frog.
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tie-back surgery
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A procedure (laryngoplasty) used to suture the arytenoid cartilage out of the airway. See roaring.
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tight
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Ready to race.
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tightener
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1) A race used to give a horse a level of fitness that cannot be obtained through morning exercises alone. 2) A leg brace.
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TIMBER Race (TOPPER)
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Jumper or steeplechase race (horse). More properly horses jumping over timber
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tip sheet
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Professional handicappers pick horses they think will win and sell sheets at the race track.
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toe-in
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A conformation flaw in which the front of the foot faces in and looks pigeon-toed, often causing the leg to swing outward during locomotion ("paddling").
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toe-out
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A conformation flaw in which the front of the foot faces out, often causing the leg to swing inward during locomotion ("winging").
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Tomlinson Ratings
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Lee Tomlinson's popular "Mudders and Turfers" ratings, a tool predicting a horse's aptitude on wet tracks and grass courses, will now appear exclusively in DRF. Previously available only in premium-priced books and reports, Tomlinson Ratings for mud and turf will appear in each horse's racing record.
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tongue tie (or tongue strap)
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Strip of cloth-type material used to stabilize a horse's tongue to prevent it from "choking down" in a race or workout or to keep the tongue from sliding up over the bit, rendering the horse uncontrollable. Also known as a "tongue strap."
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top line
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1) A Thoroughbred's breeding on its sire's side. 2) The visual line presented by the horse's back.
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TOPWEIGHT
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Highest weight assigned or carried in a race.
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totalizator
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An automated pari-mutuel system that dispenses and records betting tickets, calculates and displays odds and payoffs and provides the mechanism for cashing winning tickets. Often shortened to "tote."
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tote board
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The (usually) electronic totalizator display in the infield which reflects up-to-the-minute odds. It may also show the amounts wagered in each mutuel pool as well as information such as jockey and equipment changes, etc. Also known as the "board."
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tout
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Person who professes to have, and sells, advance information on a race. Also used as a verb meaning to sell or advertise. For example, "He's touting the four horse."
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track bias
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A racing surface that favors a particular running style or position. For example, a track bias can favor either front-runners or closers or horses running on the inside or outside.
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track condition
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Condition of the racetrack surface, for dirt surfaces: fast, good, muddy, sloppy, frozen, and hard; and for turf: firm, good, soft; yielding; heavy [Australia: fast-good-dead-slow-heavy].
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TRACK RECORD
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Fastest time at various distances recorded at a particular track.
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trail(tail) off
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Used to describe a fit horse losing its competitive edge.
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trial
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In Thoroughbred racing, a preparatory race created in tandem with a subsequent, more important stakes race to be run a few days or weeks hence The Derby Trial.
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trifecta
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A wager picking the first three finishers in exact order. Called a "triactor" in Canada and a "triple" in some parts of the U.S.
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trifecta box
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A trifecta wager in which all possible combinations using a given number of horses are bet upon. The total number of combinations can be calculated according to the formula x3-3x2+2x, where x equals the amount of horses in the box. The sum of the formula is then multiplied by the amount wagered on each combination.
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trip
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An individual horse's race, with specific reference to the difficulty (or lack of difficulty) the horse had during competition, e.g., whether the horse was repeatedly blocked or had an unobstructed run.
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Triple Crown
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Used generically to denote a series of three important races, but is always capitalized when referring to historical races for three-year-olds. In the United States includes the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes. In England the 2,000 Guineas, Epsom Derby, and St. Leger Stakes, in Canada: the Queen's Plate, Prince of Wales Stakes, and Breeders' Stakes.
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turf
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the entire sport of horse racing, which originated formally as grass racing in England.
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turf course
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the grass course used for racing, as opposed to dirt or synthetic dirt.
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turn down(s)
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Rear shoe that is turned down 3/4-inch to one inch at the ends to provide better traction on an off-track. Illegal in many jurisdictions, I.McKinlay feels these lead to serious heel cracks.
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twitch
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A restraining device usually consisting of a stick with a loop of rope or chain at one end, which is placed around a horse's upper lip and twisted, releasing endorphins that relax a horse and curb its fractiousness while it is being handled.
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Two-minute lick
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– an extended gallop where the horse maintains a speed of 15 seconds/quarter mile, in Australia 15 sec/200 metres its called “even time.”
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Two-Year-Old
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. Every Thoroughbred becomes a two-year-old on January 1 of the second year following the date of its birth.
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tying up (acute rhabdomyolysis)
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A form of muscle cramps that ranges in severity from mild stiffness to a life-threatening disease, often called auzuturia. A generalized condition of muscle fiber breakdown usually associated with exercise. The cause of the muscle fiber breakdown is uncertain. Signs include sweating, reluctance to move, stiffness, and general distress.
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UNDER CONTRACT
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A trainer or rider formally signed for a specified time and compensation to a stable owner.
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underlay
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A horse racing at shorter odds than seems warranted by its past performances.
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under orders
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-- from the starter, nearing post time and starting gate entry
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UNDER PUNISHMENT
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Horse being whipped and driven (European).
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under wraps
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Horse under stout restraint in a race or workout to keep it from pulling away from the competition by too large a margin.
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untried
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1) Not raced or tested for speed. 2) A stallion that has not been bred.
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unwind
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Gradually withdrawing a horse from intensive training.
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Upset Price
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. The minimum acceptable price to open the bidding on a horse offered for sale in an auction
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valet
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A person employed by a racing association to clean and care for a jockey's tack and other riding equipment.
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varus (va•rus) (var´əs)
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[L. “knock-kneed”] bent or twisted inward; denoting a deformity in which the angulation of the part is toward the midline of the body. The term varus is an adjective and should be used only in connection with the noun it describes, such as talipes varus, genu varum, and coxa vara. The meanings of varus and valgus are often reversed, so that genu varum is bowleg, not knock-knee. Cf. valgus.
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valgus (val•gus) (val´gəs) [L.]
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bent or twisted outward; denoting a deformity in which the angulation of the part is away from the midline of the body; the term is an adjective and should be used only in connection with the noun it describes, such as talipes valgus, genu valgum, and coxa valga. The meanings of valgus and varus are often reversed, so that genu valgum is knock-knee, not bowleg. Cf. varus. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
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veterinarian
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The commission (or board) veterinarian, sometimes referred to as the state veterinarian, is usually appointed by the state racing commission. A veterinary professional adviser and consultant to the State Racing Commission on veterinary matters including regulatory aspects of veterinary medicine at the track. The association veterinarian refers to as the track veterinarian, this person is employed by the racing association and serves as a professional adviser and consultant to the racing association and its operational staff at the track. Practicing Private practitioner employed by owners and trainers on an individual case or contract basis.
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Veterinarian’s List.
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A list of horses that may not be entered in a race until approved by the official racetrack veterinarian, who maintains said list.
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WALK HOTS
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To cool a horse out after a workout or race.
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walkover
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A race, usually a stakes race, in which only one horse competes.
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washed out
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A horse that becomes so nervous that it sweats profusely. Also known as "washy" or "lathered (up)."
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WARMING UP
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Galloping horse on way to post.
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WASHY
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Horse breaking out in nervous sweat before race.
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weanling
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A foal that is less than one-year-old that has been separated from its dam.
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WEAVING
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Swaying motion in stall, or act of threading way through field in race.
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weigh in (out)
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The certification, by the clerk of scales, of a rider's weight before (after) a race. A jockey weighs in fully dressed with all equipment except for his/her helmet, whip and (in many jurisdictions) flak jacket.
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weight-for-age
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An allowance condition in which each entrant is assigned a weight according to its age. Females usually receive a sex allowance as well. (Compare with a handicap race.)
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wheel
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Betting all possible combinations in an exotic wager using at least one horse as the key. See part wheel.
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white
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A horse color, extremely rare, in which all the hairs are white. The horse's eyes are brown, not pink, as would be the case for an albino.
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white line
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When looking at the sole of the foot, the thin area between the insensitive outer hoof wall (insensitive laminae) and the inner sensitive laminae.
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WHIP
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Instrument, usually of leather, with which rider strikes horse to increase his speed. Also called bat, stick, or gad.
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WINDED
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Breathing with difficulty after workout or race. Wind. A horse’s capacity for breath.
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WINNER-TAKES-ALL
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Winner receiving all the purse or stakes, most often in a match race.
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withers
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Area above the shoulder, where the neck meets the back, high point of withers to the ground is where one measures a horse’s height.
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WOBBLER
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A neurological disease due to compression of the spinal cord. Seen principally in 2-year-olds and 3-year-olds.
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Winning post
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– the finish line of a race, the wire in US.
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Winner's Circle
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Winning horse enters the area designated as winner's circle. Winner's picture with owners, trainers, jockeys, and interested people involved with horse's performance is taken in winner's circle.
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wire
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The finish line of a race.
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withers
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Area above the shoulder, where the neck meets the back.
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Wobbler
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. A horse suffering from a more or less specific incoordination, diagnosed as locomotor ataxia.
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work
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To exercise a horse by galloping a pre-determined distance.
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xeroradiography
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A costly type of x-ray procedure using specially sensitized screens that give higher resolution on the edges of bone and better visualization of soft tissue structures.
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Yankee
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A British wager! This is like a patent, but with four selections and no single bets. So a yankee is 11 bets: 6 doubles; 4 trebles; 1 four-fold accumulator (last~parlay in USA).
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yearling
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A horse in its second calendar year of life, beginning Jan. 1 of the year following its birth, July 1st in the southern hemisphere.
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yielding (yld)
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yielding track condition (turf). Condition of a turf course with a great deal of moisture. Horses sink into it noticeably.
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Zantac
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Trade name for the drug ranitidine, a medication used to treat ulcers.
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