P - Summary Chart Test One

Front 1

Polio

Pathology

Back 1

AHC and brain stem motor nuclei destruction

Front 2

Polio

SX

Back 2

Initial "flu" symptoms then parylsis

Front 3

Polio

Onset, Progression, Prognosis

Back 3

Rapid progressive progression over just a few days

Front 4

Polio

Precautions

Back 4

Do not overfatigue

Front 5

Polio

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 5

Weakness, Atrophy, Fatigue, pain, cold intolerance

Front 6

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

Pathology

Back 6

AHC degeneration and selected BS nuclei degeneration

Autosomal Recessive

Front 7

SMA

SX

Back 7

Type 1 - hypotonia

Type 2 - Chronic Weakness

Type 3 - able to ambulate at some point

Front 8

SMA

Onset, Progression, Prognosis

Back 8

Prognosis - Death

Type 1 - Infancy
Type 2 - Childhood
Type 3 - Normal Life Span

Front 9

SMA

Precautions

Back 9

Avoid overfatigue, falls, dysphagia, respiratory problems

Front 10

SMA

Impairments, fxnal limtations

Back 10

Weakness, Atrophy, fatigue, respiratory, dysphagia, feeding problems

Front 11

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)

Pathology

Back 11

Multiple contractures due to lack of fetal movement

Front 12

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)

SX

Back 12

Contractures, Lack of muscle development, distal arthrogryhposis (wrist bending)

Front 13

AMC

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 13

At birth, nonprogressive

Front 14

AMC

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 14

Jack knife or frog position

Scoliosis

CHD (Coronary Heart Disease?)

Respiratory Problems

Abdominal Hernias

Front 15

Post Polio Syndrome (PPS)

Pathology

Back 15

Not known!

Front 16

Post Polio Syndrome (PPS)

SX

Back 16

New Weakness, atrophy, muscl pain, fatigue, fasciculations

Front 17

PPS

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 17

20-40 years after polio

Slow progressing

Front 18

PPS

Precuations

Back 18

Avoid overfatigue

Cold Intolerant

Front 19

PPS

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 19

Secondary MSK pain and deformities

OA

Normal B&B

Front 20

Amyotrophic Lateral Schlerosis (ALS)

Pathology

Back 20

AHC and corticospinal degeneration

Front 21

ALS

SX

Back 21

Asymmetrical Weakness (distal)

Fasciculations

Front 22

ALS

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 22

Middle or late life

Rapidly progressive

Always fatal

Front 23

ALS

Precuations

Back 23

Strengthening, respiratory, dysphagia, avoid overfatigue

Front 24

ALS

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 24

Weakness, Hyperreflexive

Dysarthria, Dysphagia

Front 25

Multiple Schlerosis (MS)

Pathology

Back 25

Sclerotic Plaques throughout CNS

Front 26

MS

SX

Back 26

Sensory changes

paresthesia (tingling)

Visual blurring

Balance

Front 27

MS

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 27

Most common in teens, adults <35

Progression varies

F>M

Front 28

MS

Precautions

Back 28

Fatigue, heat intolerant, poor exercise tolerance, autonomic dysfunction

Front 29

MS

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 29

Sensory, vision, weakness, balance

Front 30

Friedrich's Ataxia

Pathology

Back 30

Cerebellum

Front 31

Friedrich's Ataxia

SX

Back 31

Ataxia, weakness, loss of proprioception

Front 32

Friedrich's Ataxia

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 32

Hereditary

Progressive

Front 33

Friedrich's Ataxia

Precautions

Back 33

????

Front 34

Friedrich's Ataxia

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 34

????

Front 35

Ataxia Telangectasia

Pathology

Back 35

Cerebellum

Front 36

Ataxia Telangectasia

SX

Back 36

Trunkal Ataxia, Unsteady Gait

Front 37

Ataxia Telangectasia

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 37

Inherited, Progressive

Front 38

Ataxia Telangectasia

Precautions

Back 38

Pulmonary Infections

Front 39

Ataxia Telangectasia

Impairments, fxnal Limitations

Back 39

Ataxia, dysarthria

Front 40

Parkinson's Disease

Pathology

Back 40

Depletion of dopamine in BG

Front 41

PD

SX

Back 41

Rigidity, akinesia, tremor

some cognition

Front 42

PD

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 42

Risk increases with age

Front 43

PD

Precuations

Back 43

Performance varies

TX scheduled around meds

Fall risks

Cognition issues

Front 44

PD

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 44

????

Front 45

Huntingtons disease

Pathology

Back 45

Atrophy of caudate and putamen

Autosomal dominant

Front 46

Huntingtons disease

SX

Back 46

Chorea, Personality Changes, dementia

Front 47

Huntingtons disease

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 47

Progressive deterioration

Starts in middle age

death in 20 years

Front 48

Huntingtons disease

Precaution

Back 48

Suicide attempts

falls

aggression

Front 49

Huntingtons disease

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 49

????

Front 50

Cerebral Palsy

Pathology

Back 50

Brain

more?

Front 51

Cerebral Palsy

SX

Back 51

Abnormal movement

Impaired Speech

Vision, perception

Front 52

Cerebral Palsy

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 52

Hemorrhage

Malformation

Hypotoxia

Nonprogressive

Front 53

Cerebral Palsy

Precautions

Back 53

????

Front 54

Cerebral Palsy

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 54

Seizures, abnormal tone

Front 55

Edwards Syndrome

Pathology

Back 55

Trisomy 18

Front 56

Edwards Syndrome

SX

Back 56

Malformation of SV, GI, Skeletal

Front 57

Edwards Syndrome

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 57

Only 10% survive longer than 1 year

Front 58

Edwards Syndrome

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 58

Profound MR (?)

Feeding Problems

Front 59

Cri du Cat

Pathology

Back 59

Chromosome 5 piece deletion

Front 60

Prader Willi

SX

Back 60

Obesity, short stature, MR

Chronic hunger, slower metabolism

Front 61

Prader Willi

Pathology

Back 61

Abnormal 15th chromosome

Front 62

Turner Syndrome

Summary

Back 62

Absence of entire sex chromosome (one X missing in girls)

1/2500 girls

Short stature, husky, non-functioning ovaries

Cog. problems in math, memory, visuospatial

Front 63

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Pathology

Back 63

Lack of dystrophin in srcolemma

Increased permeability to calcium -> necrosis

Muscle degeneration

Recessive Link

Front 64

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

SX

Back 64

Gower Sign (Tripod get up)

Weak pelvic girdle progressing to extremities

Calf pseudohypertrophy (fat)

Decreased MSR

Hypotonia

Front 65

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
(DMD)

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 65

Noticed at 3-5 yrs, W/C by 10-12, death by 20 yrs

Rapid progression

Only males, females are carriers

Front 66

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Precuations

Back 66

Do not overwork

Front 67

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 67

Difficulty with stairs

Respiratory infections (no m to cough)

Mild cog. deficits and learning disabilities

Legs ER and WBOS, Toe walking, leg pain

Front 68

Becker's Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)

Pathology

Back 68

Same as DMD

Lack of dystrophin in sarcolemma. Allows increased permeability of Ca->necrosis. muscular degeneration.

Recessive link

Front 69

Becker's Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)

SX

Back 69

Same as DMD

Gower sign, weak pelvic girdle progressing to extremities, calf pseudohypertrophy, decreased MSR, hypotonia

Front 70

Becker's Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 70

5-10 yrs

Slower progression than DMD

Life span into 30-40s

Front 71

Becker's Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)

Precautions

Back 71

Do no overwork

Front 72

Beckers Muscular Dystrophy

Impairments

Back 72

Same as DMD

Difficulty with stiars, respiratory infections (lack of cough muscles), mild cog. deficits, Legs ER, WBOS, Toe Walking, Leg pain

Front 73

Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Pathology

Back 73

Autosomal Dominant

Affects muscles in shoulder girdle and face first.

Front 74

Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

SX

Back 74

Can't close eyes, loss of facial expression

Diffuse facial flattening, pouting lower lip

Difficulty feeding w/ infants

Front 75

Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 75

Starts in adolescence

M>F

mild form of MD

Front 76

Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Precautions

Back 76

Do not overwork

Front 77

Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Impairements, fxnal limitations

Back 77

Can't pucker lips or whistle

winging scapula, can't raise arms

Slow progressive with loss of walking later in life

Front 78

Limb Girdle MD

Pathology

Back 78

Genetically heterogenous.

Autosomal dominant or recessive

Front 79

Limb Girdle MD

SX

Back 79

Affects shoulder and pelvic girdle first.

Weakness in biceps and deltoid

Front 80

Limb Girdle MD

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 80

Late adolescence/early adult

Slow progressive

Front 81

Limb Girdle MD

Precautions

Back 81

Do not overwork

Front 82

Limb Girdle MD

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 82

Winging scapula

Lumbar Lordosis

Abd protrusion

Waddling, poor balance

Front 83

Myotonic MD

Pathology

Back 83

Autosomal Dominant

Defect of chromosome 19 (more common) or 3 (less common, less severe)

Altered resting membrane potential

Front 84

Myotonic MD

SX

Back 84

Weakness and delayed relaxation after voluntary contraction

repetitive firing of AP independent of nerve supply

Front 85

Myotonic MD

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 85

Mild to severe

Worse in every subsequent generation

Front 86

Myotonic MD

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 86

Cranial and distal limb muscles

Cataracts, hearing loss

Cardiac conduction deficits

Hypersomnia (sleepy)

Testicular Atrophy, Endocrine dysfunction

Front 87

Metabolic Muscle Diseases

Pathology

Back 87

Deficiency of some critical metabolic element

Usually genetic

Front 88

Metabolic Muscle Diseases

SX

Back 88

Abnormal accumulation of glycogen, lipids

Front 89

Inflammatory/Infectious Muscle Diseases

Pathology

Back 89

Virus, parasite, drugs, idiopathic

Polymyositis or dermatomyositis

Front 90

Polymyositis

SX

Back 90

Inflammatory Muscle Disease

Muscle weakness and inflammation

Front 91

Dermatomyositis

SX

Back 91

Inflammatory Muscle Disease

Muscle Weakness, Inflammation

butterfly rash on face
purple eyelids
edema around eyes

Front 92

Inflammatory/Infectious Muscle Diseases

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 92

F>M

ages 40-60

Proximal affected moreso

Slow progression

Front 93

Inflammatory/Infectious Muscle Diseases

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 93

Dysphagia, respiratory problems

Muscle pain and tenderness

Cardiac issues

Front 94

Botulism

Caused by...

Back 94

...toxin produced by "Clodistridium botulinum"

Front 95

Botulism

Pathology

Back 95

Toxin enters blood through GI or wound

Binds to presynaptic nerve terminals, limits Ach release

Front 96

Botulism

SX

Back 96

Symmetrical flaccid paralysis of face, neck

Progresses to diaphragm, arms and legs

Front 97

Botulism

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 97

Happens over period of days

Front 98

Botulism

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 98

Secondary Impairments
-Muscle Wasting
-Pressure Sores
-Aspiration
-Pneumonia

Front 99

Myasthenia Gravis

pathology

Back 99

Autoimmune reponse

Antibodies block/damage Ach receptors

Post Synaptic

Front 100

Myasthenia Gravis

SX

Back 100

Muscle weakness increased with activity

Affects small muscles that are used continuously

Front 101

Myasthenia Gravis

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 101

F>M

F - 20-30 yrs
M - 50-60 yrs

Front 102

Myasthenia Gravis

Risk Factors

Back 102

Thymic Disorders

Diabetes Mellitus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Lupus

Familial 5-7%

Front 103

Myasthenia Gravis

Precautions

Back 103

Do not overfatigue

Frequent breaks, energy conservation

Know Myasthenia Crisis SX

Front 104

Myasthenia Crisis Symptoms

Back 104

Respiratory Muscle Paralyzation

Ventilation required

Front 105

Myathenia Gravis

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 105

Dysphagia, nasal speech

Impaired respiratory, nasal speech

Extraocular involvement, diplopia, ptosis

Front 106

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Pathology

Back 106

Hereditary Neuropathy

Autosomal dominant

Mutation affects peripheral myelin protein (demyelination)

Front 107

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

SX

Back 107

Symmetrical distal weakness, atrophy

Decreased MSR

Sensory loss in some types

Front 108

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 108

Present in childhood/early adulthood

Slow progressive atrophy of the calves

Front 109

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 109

Secondary foot problems - pes cavus

Front 110

Metabolic Neuropathies

Pathology

Back 110

Adult onset Diabetes Mellitus

Alcoholic Neuropathy
-toxic effect of EtOH
-Secondary Thiamine deficiency

Front 111

Diabetes Mellitis

SX

Back 111

Numb feet, orthostatic hypertension

Front 112

Alcoholic Metabolic Neuropathy

SX

Back 112

Distal Weakness

Impaired Sensation

Aching Calves

Front 113

Diabetes Mellitis

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 113

Secondary ulcers/infections

Tachycardia

Gastroparesis

Front 114

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

(Inflammatory Neuropathy)

Pathology

Back 114

Lesion in the PNS

Antibody Mediated demyelination

Front 115

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

(Inflammatory Neuropathy)

SX

Back 115

Ascending, symmetrical paralysis and sensory loss

Absent MSR

Affects Preganglionic ANS

ANS SX
-Tachycardia
-Arrhythmias
-BP and vasomotor changes

Front 116

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

(Inflammatory Neuropathy)

Onset Age, Progression, Prognosis

Back 116

Symptoms peak in 2-4

Recovery takes weeks-months

Prognosis varies

Front 117

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

(Inflammatory Neuropathy)

Precautions

Back 117

Do not overfatigue

Do not cause pain

Monitor for respiratory arrest

No strengthening until Doc OKs it

Front 118

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

(Inflammatory Neuropathy)

Impairments, fxnal limitations

Back 118

Increases weakness

Sensory changes

Can involve cranial nerves, but usually no extraocular muscles

30% require ventilator