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32 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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5 Factors affecting drug absorption |
Chemical structure Particle size and surface area Nature of the crystal form Type of tablet coating and tablet matrix Extent of ionization |
CPNTE |
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The presence of ____ and ____ functional groups in the chemical structure of the drug affects its ____ |
Polar Non polar Absorption |
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How to enhance drug solubility |
Alteration of the chemical structure |
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2 ways on how to enhance absorption rate |
Reduce particle size Increase surface area |
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The ability of a drug to exist in two or more crystalline forms with different arrangements in the crystal lattice |
Polymorphism |
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Amorphous is ____ compared to crystalline |
More soluble |
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Generic name of Insulin Lispro |
Insulin semilente |
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Brand name of Insulin Lente |
Neutral protamine of hagedorn |
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2 brand names of insulin ultralente |
Insulin glargine Insulin detemir |
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Action of insulin semilente |
Fast onset of action |
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Action of insulin ultralente |
Slow onset of action |
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Duration of action of insulin semilente |
Short acting |
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Duration of action of insulin lente |
Intermediate acting |
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Duration of action of insulin ultralente |
Long acting |
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Form of insulin semilente |
100% amorphous |
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Form of insulin lente |
30% amorphous 70% crystalline |
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Form of insulin ultralente |
100% crystalline |
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An important factor in the degree of penetration of a drug through ____ is that many drugs are ____ or ____ |
Membranes Weak acids Weak bases |
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An acidic drug in a basic environment is ____ and ____ to ____ |
Neutralized Converted Ionized form |
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3 physical factors affecting absorption |
Blood flow Contact time at absorption surface Food |
BCF |
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Relationship of Blood flow and absorption rate |
Higher blood flow = higher absorption rate = higher blood supply |
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The time required for the stomach to be empty |
Gastric emptying time |
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Degree of absorption: Relationship of GET and absorption |
Slower GET = higher absorption Faster GET = lower absorption |
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Rate of Absorption: Relationship of Food and Absorption |
Delayed GET = lower absorption = higher bioavailability |
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The fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation |
Biovailability |
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4 factors affecting bioavailability of drugs |
FPE Drug solubility Chemical instability Nature of drug formulation |
FDCN |
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It happens when an orally administered drug is absorbed into bloodstream through GIT passes through the liver before being further distributed |
FPE |
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3 examples of drug with first pass effect |
Nitroglycerin Lidocaine Isoproterenol |
NLI |
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The first pass effect ____ the drug’s ____ |
Decreases Bioavailability |
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A drug should be ____ and ____ |
Partially hydrophilic Largely lipophilic |
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Chemical instability of a drug ____ |
Decreases bioavailability |
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2 drugs that are chemically unstable |
Penicillin G Insulin |
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