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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two party system |
a democracy where political loyalties are divided between two large opposed parties who respectively form the government and the opposition. this is a feature in adversarial politics. eg. liberal-national coalition vs labor |
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multi party system |
multiple parties competing |
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political party |
an organized group that seeks to achieve representation in parliament and to exert influence or control over the machinery of government |
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major party |
a political party capable of winning a house of reps majority in their own right or in a coalition with a minor party during an election. a party capable of forming government |
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house of representatives |
the lower house of federal parliament |
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coalition |
an alliance between two or more factions or parties in parliament. |
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minor party |
parties that do not have the broad support base required to win sufficient lower house seats in an election to form the government or the opposition. minor parties often are primarily associated with specific policy areas, or represent the interests of a minority in the population. |
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minor party examples |
greens nationals |
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reasons for shift in voting from major to minor parties |
-tradition of voting on class lines has reduced -public funding for any party who gets over 4% of the primary vote |
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minor parties influencing government |
-more successful in the senate-only need 14.7% and this does not rely on geographic location of constituents -influence results in lower house seats through preferences |
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minor party positives |
-fulfills important rights under political participation and freedom -gives a chance for new ideas to emerge, as major parties avoid risk -makes the senate a proper house of review which improves democracy |
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minor parties-why don't they succeed more? |
-having a focus that is too radical/narrow/frivolous -engage in reckless or unconventional behaviors which the public may reject. -aren't as organized as major parties -preferential voting (50%+1) makes it hard to win a seat if your support isn't geographically concentrated -people won't vote for someone when they think they have no chance of winning -don't have enough money |
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micro parties |
protest movements with no prospect of winning seats or significantly influencing election results over a long period of time. a party capable of winning a single seat, and may only last one term. |
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examples of micro parties |
nick Xenophon team one nation family first derryn hinch's justice party pirate party |
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ways individuals can participate on politics |
-contact members of parliament -signing a petition -using media, writing to editors -political action (voting, running for parliament, join a party) -court action -participating in a pressure group |
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pressure group |
an organized group of people who share common interests, attitude or beliefs and take deliberate action that is aimed at influencing public policy, either to achieve some change in policy or administration or support the status quo and prevent change. pressure groups activities have become a major means of non-violent participation in modern democracies |
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sectional pressure group |
represent the interests of particular sections of society |
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promotional pressure groups |
promote particular ideas and values |
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examples/details on promotional pressure groups |
-represent a particular cause or issue -eg. environment, women, peace, gay rights, animals eg. RSPCA, amnesty international, greenpeace |
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examples/details of sectional pressure groups |
-religious groups -industry groups: represents the interests of a particular industry -professional groups: represents a particular profession eg. doctors, lawyers |
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positives of pressure groups |
-allows citizens to engage with democracy -more efficient way for people to discuss concerns with the government -one group rather than many individuals -can provide expert info to the government |
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negatives of pressure groups |
-can have too much influence for a group that is not elected -there are not many rules that control how pressure groups should conduct themselves -may not represent the whole group properly -more successful pressure groups have more money, and are better resourced -political parties can have bias towards pressure groups of they do or don't align with their views |
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how do pressure groups influence government |
-bring expertise to public debate -when the media is covering key things, the will often go to pressure groups to provide commentary -can concentrate issues when they are not in the limelight (uncomfortable for government) |
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relationship between government and pressure groups |
-governments do their best to keep pressure groups on their side by building a 2 way relationship -may invite pressure groups to be involved with committees -run new ideas by pressure groups before they seek to implement them -give them advanced warning of new laws -try to get them to align with their side of government |
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get up! negatives of pressure group involvement |
-public group not elected -no regulations or rules that control the conduct of pressure groups -liberal party would've had bias against the group, since they were targeting liberal members |
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ACTU negatives of pressure group involvement |
-bias against liberals -may have presented a bias and one sided view on the issues concerning workers -campaign may not have reflected the beliefs of all the individuals within the group, since its a big group |
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get up! pressure group rather than a party |
-not aligned to one political philosophy -nay represent a very narrow or limited cause or issue -may represent a profession -may not a big enough support base to achieve representation -only want to influence policy, not the machinery of government |
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ACTU pressure group rather than a party |
-ACTU only focuses on workers rights, so its not a wide ranging philosophy -only interacts with government when they don't agree with a policy or ideology that concerns workers rights, so being a party wouldn't make sense |
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get up! campaign summary |
-targeted right wing conservatives -40'000 phone calls -$3m in donations -used social media -made liberal lose 12 seats |
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ACTU campaign summary |
-used public demonstrations in 2005 -TV and radio advertising -for volunteers/workers to campaign in marginal seat areas -over half the voters shifted their support from liberal to labor in 2007 election |
