P-5010 Ch.9

Front 1

Who is ultimately responsible to ensure there are sufficient quantities of safe water for personnel?

Back 1

Unit Commanders

Front 2

Who is responsible for providing sufficient potable water for the population to be served?

Back 2

Engineers

Front 3

WHo advises the CO on water quality issues?

Back 3

Medical

Front 4

What is the easiest and usually the safest source of water in the field?

Back 4

existing public water systems

Front 5

Water sources includes lakes, streams, rivers, and ponds.

Back 5

Surface water

Front 6

Water sources include wells and springe and is usuallly less contaminated than surface water.

Back 6

Ground water

Front 7

Ground water sources must be located how far from existing sources of contamination?

Back 7

100 ft

Front 8

Desalination of salt water is accomplished by?

Back 8

ROWPU, water is disinfected after desalinization

Front 9

This system is a transportable quick-response water purification system caable of aerating, clarifying, filtering, and disinfecting contaminated water.

Back 9

ERDLATOR

Front 10

What is the most common method of disinfecting potable water?

Back 10

Chlorination

Front 11

Preferred agent for disinfecting water.

Back 11

Calcium hypochlorite (HTH) 65-70

Front 12

When chlorinating H2O sufficient chlorine is added to water to achieve the desired FAC residual after how long contact time?

Back 12

30 minutes

Front 13

T/F Chlorine gas is not considered appropriate for field use

Back 13

True

Front 14

Water tankers, trailers, bladders and cans require what chlorine residual?

Back 14

between 5.0 ppm and 2.0 ppm FAC when filled at an approved engineering water point.

Front 15

Lyster bags and canteens require what chloringe residual

Back 15

Maintain 2.0ppm FAC when filled from an approved source, chlorinate to 5.0ppm FAC, then maintain 2.0ppm FAC when filling from an unapproved or raw water source.

Front 16

The process used to initially disinfect water containers and distribution systems?

Back 16

Superchlorination

Front 17

How is superchlorination accomplished?

Back 17

chlorinate water to 100ppm FAC for 4 hours. Mark tank "POISON DO NOT DRINK" on all sides or at water outlets during process

Front 18

After 4 hour superchlorination, measure the FAC. It should be at least ____ppm. If below ____ppm, superchlorination must be repeated.

Back 18

50
50

Front 19

How many iodine tabs go into a canteen?

Back 19

2, wait 5 min, then shake. tighten cap and wait 30 min before using

Front 20

All containers used for the treatment, sorage or distribution of water must be clean and clearly labeled how?

Back 20

"POTABLE WATER"

Front 21

Bacteriological testing of field water suppies must be tested how often?

Back 21

weekly

Front 22

In the field, who inspects all food items at the time of receipt?

Back 22

the FSO, or his designated rep

Front 23

All field freezers and refridgerators are to have one internal and external thermometer. How often are temp readings taken?

Back 23

at least once per meal period

Front 24

Refrigerated space should be emptied and thoroughly cleaned how often?

Back 24

once a week

Front 25

Field dishwashing unit can be set up by using what?

Back 25

Five metal GI cans(32ga size) and immersion heaters

Front 26

In field dishwashing units, where are the long handled brushes placed?

Back 26

Cans number 2 and 3

Front 27

Can 1 in dishwashin battery is for?

Back 27

collecting trash

Front 28

Can 2 in dishwashing battery is for?

Back 28

prewash and will contain a hot detergent solution and brush

Front 29

Can 3 in dishwashing battery is for?

Back 29

washing and will contain a hot detergent solution and a brush

Front 30

Can 4 in dishwashing battery is for?

Back 30

Rinsing and will contain clean hot water held at a rolling boil

Front 31

Can 5 in the dishwashing battery is for?

Back 31

final sanitizing rinse and will contain clean hot water held at a rolling boil

Front 32

How is mess gear dried?

Back 32

air dried only, no dish cloths are permitted.

Front 33

If no hot water is available and in emergency situations, messing utensils can be sanitized by immerson in a ?

Back 33

50ppm FAC for 60 seconds

Front 34

What must be constructed to dispose of waste water from the food service area?

Back 34

Soakage pits

Front 35

When troops are on the march, what is used to dispose of human waste?

Back 35

Cat hole device, use an E-tool; it is dug 8-12in in diameter and 6-12in deep.

Front 36

In temp bivuacs (1-3 days), how do you dispose of human remains?

Back 36

Straddle trench

Front 37

When determining location of latrines, how far should it be from nearest natural water source, food service areas and berthing areas?

Back 37

100 feet from water
100 yards from food service
50 feet from berthing

Front 38

Describe a Straddle Trench latrine..

Back 38

Temporary.
Dig trench 1 ft wide, 2 1/2 ft deep, 4 ft long.
Serves 25 pers, 2 at a time.
Additional trenches must be 2 ft apart..
Each person covers their own, when pit it 1 ft from top, spray w/insecticide, fill trench and mound dirt 1 ft above ground level. Post sign indicating type of latrine and date closed if permitted.

Front 39

Describe a Deep pit Latrine

Back 39

Temporary
Made by constructing a latrine box over a pit.
Has 4 holes(seats)
8 ft long, 2 1/2 ft wide.
Mounted on 2- 6in planks
serves 50 pers.
Seats covered w/fly proof self-closing lids.
PIT IS DUG: 2ft wide, 7 1/2 ft long and max of 6 ft deep. (1 ft of depth for each week planned useage and 1 ft for dirt cover. (The deeper the pit the greater chance of it caving in!)

Front 40

Describe a Burn Barrel Latrine

Back 40

Used in major ops, w/hard, rocky, or frozen soil conditions.
Screen (18 mesh) enclosed building of plywood and framing lumber.
2-4 toilet seats built over 55-ga drums that are cut in half.
Primed w/3 in of diesel prior to placing in service.
NO SMOKING signs inside/outside
Wen barrel is 1/2 - 3/4 full, remove and burn.
Mix 4 parts diesel to 1 part gas
until sufficiently covered.
Burial of ashes to depth of 12 inches.

Front 41

Describe Mound Latrine

Back 41

Temporary
Indicated when higher ground water levels or rock formations prevent the digging of a deep pit.
Top of mound 6 ft wide and 12 ft long so standard 4 seat latrine box can be placed on top.

Front 42

Describe Bored Hole Latrines.

Back 42

Temporary require specialized drilling equipment and are seldom used.
18in hole bored to depth of 15 - 20feet. Hole is covered w/one seat latrine box and fly-proofed.
constructed on the basis of 8 of 100 ppl

Front 43

Describe a Urine soakage pit.

Back 43

Temporary; most effective in sandy soils.
Dug 4 ft square X 4 ft deep
Filled w/in 6in ground level with lg rocks, tin cans, broken bottles, rubble, etc...
Vent shafts inserted w/in 6 in. of bottom and extend 6-12 in above ground.
6 urine tubes - 1inx36in pipe, 8in below leaving 26in above ground.
1 pipe accommodates 20 men

Front 44

Describe Urine Troughs

Back 44

10 ft long V or U shaped trough made of Sheet metal or wood with soakage pit and screened vents at ground.
One urine trough serves 100 men.

Front 45

Describe a Urinoil.

Back 45

permanent, sanitary and less ordorous.
Screened 55ga drum, receive and trap urine to dispose in soakage pit.
Has covered windbreak to protect from flooding from rain.
Fresh sad must be spread around barrel periodically.
Serves 100 men

Front 46

Describe a Soakage Pit.

Back 46

For field mess, constructed like urine soakage pit w/o urine tubes.
Serves 200 ppl. If mess is operational for 2 weeks, must have 2 pits and alternate days.
When pit clogs, close it and open a new one.

Front 47

Describe a Soakage Trench.

Back 47

Used when ground-water level or rock fomation prevents pit.
central pit 2 ft square x 1 ft deep, dug outward from sides.
Trench is at least 6ft long, 1ft wide, 1 ft ddep at end nearest to pit with slope to 1 1/2 feet deep.

Front 48

Garbage disposal when troops are on the march or in camps less than 1 week..

Back 48

Burial, in pits or trenches.
Must be 100 ft from natural water and field mess.

Front 49

Garbage disposal when troops stop overnight

Back 49

Pits, 4ft square pit 4ft deep
serve 100 ppl

Front 50

Describe a continuous trench

Back 50

used for stays of 2 days or more.
2ft wide, 4ft deep, long enough to accommodate the next days garbage.

Front 51

Heat cramps, s/s, treatment...

Back 51

Training-education, hydration, conditioning salt foods.
Muscle contractions in legs and arms.
Stop exercise- hydration and extension.

Front 52

Exhaustion: s/s, treatment...

Back 52

N/V, vertigo, syncope, dyspnea, temp <104F.
Loosen clothing, monitor temp(R), water spray, fan, shade, replace fluids, transport.

Front 53

Heat Stroke: S/S, treatment..

Back 53

Confusion, disorientation, drowsiness, Irrational behavior, Temp >104F.
Eregency cooling, water spray, fan, shade, water-IV fluid replacement, transport.

Front 54

Heat Syncope:s/s, treatment..

Back 54

Faining or LOC while standing in the heat.
Emergency cooling, water spray, fan, shade, IV fluids and water, Transport.

Front 55

Heat exhaustion occurs because of...

Back 55

peripheral vascular collapse due to excessive water and salt depletion.
Profuse sweating, HA, weakness, pallor, N/V, mild dyspnea, palpitations. BP may be low, puils may dilate. Do not treat with ASA or antipyretics.

Front 56

Heat stroke occurs due to....

Back 56

result of collapse of the thermal regulatory mechanism.
Dizziness, weakness, nausea, HA, confusion, disorientation, drownisenss and irrational behavior. Skin may be hot and dry, or may have profuse sweating. Collapse and LOC, profound coma, convulsions may occur. Ttemp >104 - 108 (R)
Treat IMMEDIATE cooling and evacuation to MTF. Remove clothing, Shade, Spray/splash with water, rub w/ice, fan. IV NS, guard against possible myoglobin-induced renal failure. No ASA or antipyretics should be given.

Front 57

White flag temp

Back 57

<80F

Front 58

Green flag temp

Back 58

80F-84.9F

Front 59

Yellow flag temp

Back 59

85-87.9F

Front 60

Red flag temp

Back 60

88F-89.9F

Front 61

Black Flag temp

Back 61

>90F

Front 62

Describe Immersion syndrome...

Back 62

Serious condition, may occure in as little as 24 hours w/water temp <50. Water temp >50 inj w/exposure 48-72 hrs.
Pale wrinkle skin.
Complete drying of skin, once damage to underlying tissues begins immobilization may occure and recovery is prolonged up to 1 month. Severe cases = amputation probable

Front 63

Describe Frostbite...

Back 63

exposure to ambient or windchill temp below freezing.
sharp, pricking sensation, yellow/white, numb area of hardened skin, usually cheeks, nose, ears, chin, forehead, fingers, toes. Ptermanent tissue damage = amputation

Front 64

Describe Hypothermia...

Back 64

general cooling of core.

Front 65

Describe bacillary dysentery (Shigellosis). and treat

Back 65

Acute bacterial disease of distal small intestine and colon.
s/s loose/watery bloody stool with fever, nausea, toxaemia, vomiting, cramps & tenesmus.
Treat:Fluoroquinolines (cipro)

Front 66

Shigellosis incubation and period of communicability..

Back 66

Inc: 1-3days (may be 12-96hours up to a week)
Comm: Approx 4 weeks untreated. Appropriate treatment only few days.

Front 67

Shigellosis reservoir and mode of transmission

Back 67

Only significant in humans.
Direct or indirect fecal-oral transmission.
Infective dose 10-100 organisms.

Front 68

Shigellosis infectious agents

Back 68

S dysenteriae
S flexneri
S boydii
S Sonnei (most common in industrealized countries)

Front 69

Hookworm Disease ID...

Back 69

Common chronic parasitic infection.
anemia-leads to hypochromic microcytic anemia.
Occassional severe acute pulmonary & GI symptoms following exposure to infective larvae.
Death infrequent
Confirm w/stool ~worms mature.

Front 70

Hookworm Mode of transmission

Back 70

Infective larvae penetrate the skin, usually the foot, causing "ground itch"
the larvae die w/in skin producing cutaneous larva migrans.

Front 71

Hookworm incubation

Back 71

After entering body, A. duodenale may become dormant for 8 months after which development resumes with patent infection

Front 72

Hookworm infectious agents

Back 72

Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator Americanus

Front 73

Hookworm Treatment

Back 73

Single dose Mebendazole 100 or 500 mg. f/u stool sample 2 weeks.