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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Air we breathe is a gaseous mixture consisting mainly of:
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mainly of N2 78.62% ,
O2 20.84% , w/traces CO2 0.04% , H2O 0.05% & helium & argon |
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Atmospheric pressure @ sea level
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is about 760mmHg
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Partial pressure is the
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pressure exerted by each type of gas in a mixture of gases.
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The partial pressure of a gas is proportional to the contentration of that gas in a mixture.
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The total pressure excreted by the gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.
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The partial pressure of Nitrogen
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79% of 760 =
0.79 x 760 = 600mmHg |
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The partial pressure of Oxygen is
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21% of 760 =
0.21 x 760 = 160mmHg |
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P= pressure
PO2= partial pressure of O2 PCO2= partial pressure of carbon dioxide PAO2= Partial pressure of alveolar O2 PACO2= partial pressure of alveolar carbon dioxide PaO2= Partial pressure of artial O2 PaCO2= Partial pressure of artial carbon dioxide PVO2= Partial pressure of venous O2 PVCO2= Partial pressure of Venous Carbon Dioxide P50= partial pressure of O2 when the Hbg is 50% saturated |
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upper airway structures
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-NOSE (passageway for air to and from the lungs)
WHICH CONTAINS: -SINUSES (common site of infection) -NASAL PASSAGES(catches dust & organisms in the inhaled air) -PHARYNX (Passageway for respiratory & digestive tract) -TONSILS & ADENOIDS(guards body from invasion organisms entering the nose & throat) -LARYNX(protects lower airway from foreign substances & facilitates coughing) -TRACHEA (passageway between larnyx & bronchi) |
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lower respiratory tract
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Lungs
INCLUDES: bronchial & alveolar structures needed for gas exchange |
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Ventilation
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the flow of gas in and out of lungs
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inspiration
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normally requires ENERGY; when the capacity of the chest is increased, air enters through the trachea
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expiration
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normally is PASSIVE; when the capacity of the chest wall is decreased, the lungs recoil and force the air out through the bronchi and trachea
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visceral pleural
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covers the lungs
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parietal plueral
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lines the thorax
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pleural fluid
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lubricates the thorax and lungs & permits smooth motion of the lungs w/in the thoracic cavity w/ each breath.
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Lung (lobes)
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right(3 lobes)
left (2 lobes) |
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Lobar Bronchi (w/in each lobe)
right-10 left-8 |
are the structures identified when choosing the most effective postural drainage position for a given patient.
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submucosal glands & cilia (surrounds the bronchi & bronchioles)
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the bronchioles contain submucosal glands, which produce mucus that covers the inside lining of the airways.
Also lined w/ cells that have surfaces covered w/ cilia. |
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cilia
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creates a whipping motion that propels mucus and foriegn matter away from the lungs towards the larnyx
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right mainstream bronchus
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more evenly aligned w/ the trachea, making it more common passage for aspirated contents dislocated endotracheal tubes
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terminal bronchioles(gas exchange airways)
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have a semi-permeable membrane and participate in gas exchange
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base
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lower area of lung
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apex
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top portion of lung
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