Oxidation State Tutorial

Front 1

When alkane goes to an alkene, what is the enzyme that is oxidize and reduced?

Back 1

FAD (oxidized) and FADH2 (reduced)

Front 2

When an alkane goes to an alkene, what is the enzyme that is oxidize/reduced?

Back 2

FAD (oxidized) and FADH2(reduced)

Front 3

Another name for oxidation?

Back 3

DeHYDROGENation (NOT dehydration)

Front 4

If you add water to an alkene what is produced?

Back 4

Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols

Front 5

Primary alcohol can be oxidized to what? With what enzyme?

Back 5

Aldehyde and Carboxylic acid with NAD+ to NADH + H+

Front 6

Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to?

Back 6

Ketones (acetone) and it cannot be further oxidized

Front 7

Which of the molecules studied had the same oxidation state? Which can be isomerized?

Back 7

1. Primary alcohol, alkene, and secondary alcohol
2. Aldehyde and Ketone, can be isomerized

Front 8

What is the reducing power not used in the Electron Transport Chain, but instead used in synthetic (anabolic) reactions?

Back 8

NADP+ to NADPH + H+

Front 9

Why do fats give more ATP than sugars?

Back 9

Fats have longer C-C chains and therefore need more steps to get C's oxidized. On the other hand, glucose has only 6 C and therefore it is much easier to get oxidized.

Front 10

List the molecules that can be produced from oxidation of Alkane.

Back 10

Alkane--> Primary Alcohol--> Aldehyde-->Carboxylic Acid

Front 11

The suffix -ic and -ate stand for?

Back 11

-ic refers to an acid
-ate refers to a deprotonated acid anion

Front 12

What is a fully oxidized molecule?

Back 12

Carbon Dioxide

Front 13

How are hydrocarbons oxidized?

Back 13

Via FAD which removes 2 H

Front 14

How are alcohols and aldehydes oxidized?

Back 14

Via NAD+ which removes 1 H

Front 15

How is oxygen added? Via what molecule?

Back 15

H20 not molecular oxygen

Front 16

How can molecules decarboxylate to get rid of fully oxidized carbons?

Back 16

By rearranging to produce alpha or beta keto acids

Front 17

Which molecule is stable and does not decarboxylate?

Back 17

Hydrocarbon carboxyl- where there is no alpha-keto carboxyl or beta-keto carboxyl

Front 18

Which molecule is stable and can be decarboxylated with an enzyme?

Back 18

Alpha-keto carboxyl

Front 19

Which molecule is unstable and can spontaneously decarboxylate?

Back 19

Beta-keto carboxyl

Front 20

What are the 6 function classification groups of enzymes?

Back 20

1. Oxido-reductases
2. Transferases
3. Hydrolases
4. Lyases
5. Isomerases
6. Ligases

Front 21

Enzymes require what, which acts as a donor or acceptor of the electrons

Back 21

A coenzyme

Front 22

Transferases

Back 22

Transfer a functional group from one compound to another compound

Front 23

Hydrolases

Back 23

Break bonds by the addition of water

Front 24

Dehydrolases

Back 24

Remove water from a compound

Front 25

Lyases

Back 25

Breaks bonds (without the addition of water), form double bonds

Front 26

Isomerases

Back 26

Catalyzes the formation of isomers of a compound
Isomers=same # of atoms and bonds, but different configuration

Front 27

Ligases

Back 27

Makes bonds using energy (ATP)

Front 28

What are the 2 enzymes that can make big molecules (make bonds)?

Back 28

Transferases and Ligases

Front 29

What are the 2 enzymes that can break bonds?

Back 29

Hydrolases and Lyases

Front 30

How are Anabolic (Synthetic) reactions named?

Back 30

1. Name product
2. Followed by:
a. Synthase: no energy (transferase)
b. Synthetase: require energy (ligase)

Front 31

How are Catabolic (breakdown) reactions named?

Back 31

1. Name reactant
2. Followed by type of reaction

Front 32

How are Catabolic oxido-reductase enzymes (redox) enzymes named?

Back 32

1. Name reduced molecule
2. Followed by dehydrogenase
(If molecule oxygen used, then oxidase instead)

Front 33

How are Synthetic redox reactions named?

Back 33

1. Name oxidized molecule
2. Followed by reductase

Front 34

How are Kinases named?

Back 34

-Classified transferase
-transfer P grps to/from ATP
-named for molecule ACCEPTING P grp (ATP always donor)

Front 35

If ATP is donating P grp, how is it named?

Back 35

1. Name substrate (acceptor of P grp)
2. Followed by Kinase

Front 36

If ATP is a product of a reaction, how is it named?

Back 36

1. Name product (acceptor of P grp from ATP if reaction ran in reverse)
2. Followed by kinase

Front 37

Transaminases

Back 37

Transfer amino grps
Classified: transferase

Front 38

Phosphatases

Back 38

Hydrolyze off phosphate grps
Classified: hydrolase

Front 39

Phosphorylases

Back 39

Put phosphate groups on
Classified as transferase

Front 40

Mutases

Back 40

Isomerases that catalyze the INTRAmolecular rearrangement of functional grps

Front 41

How are hydrolase enzymes named?

Back 41

1. Name reactant
2. Attach -ase ending
Digestive enzymes are hdyrolases