Oxidation Of Fa And Kb

Front 1

During fasting and intensive exercise, what form of energy is the major source of fuel?

Back 1

Fatty acid

Front 2

What does the brain use?

Back 2

Ketone body because it doesn't have a transporter for Fat

Front 3

What is the basic structure of fatty acid?

Back 3

Long HC chain and Terminal carboxyl end

Front 4

What is FA structurally functionally used as?

Back 4

1) Phospholipids
2) Glycolipids
3) Triacylglycerols
4) Precursors to some hormones

Front 5

Why can't the RBC benefit from FA?

Back 5

Doesn't have mitochondria. Thus, oxidation of fatty acids is not possible.

Front 6

Whats the protein that carries FA in the blood stream?

Back 6

Albumin

Front 7

What is FA stored as?

Back 7

Triacylglycerides

Front 8

What are the three main products of FA beta oxidation?

Back 8

Acetyl CoA, NADH, FADH2

Front 9

Lipolysis is regulated by what?

Back 9

1) insulin
2) glucagon
3) epinephrine
4) Cortisol

Hormones that are affected by starvation state

Front 10

Besides becoming fat, what else is bad about having high fat in the blood stream?

Back 10

Can cause cardio and neuropathy problems b/c we don't have sinsulin to shut down lipase hormone synthesis.

Front 11

How does FA enter the cell?

Back 11

Travels via albumin to the cell. To pass through the plasma membrane, the FA needs to bind to FA-BP to cross.

Front 12

How does it enter the mitochondria organelle?

Back 12

Can't pass through the Mitochondrial membrane with CoA attached.

CoA is removed and Carnitine is attached to the FA in its place. This is done via CPT-1 (Carnitine:palmitoyltransferase)

Front 13

Where does beta oxidation occur?

Back 13

Mitochondria

Front 14

Which reaction is reversible in this oxidation process?

Back 14

The rxn involving CPT-1 which catalyzes the transfer of CoA and Carnitine.

Front 15

What is good about carnitine?

Back 15

It allows FA to cross membranes (outer mitochondrial membrane)

Front 16

Will you find free fatty acid in the blood stream?

Back 16

No, they would act like soaps and dissolve the membranes

Front 17

What is needed to activate fatty acid?

Back 17

1) ATP
2) Fatty Acyl CoA Synthetase
3) Fatty Acid Thiokinase

Front 18

Where will you find fatty acyl coA synthetase

Back 18

outer mitochondrial membrane

Front 19

What are the products of fatty acyl CoA activation?

Back 19

1) AMP
2) PPi (pyrophosphate)

Fatty

Front 20

What determines the the location of activation for fatty acid?

Back 20

Its length

Front 21

What is the aa composition of carnitine?

Back 21

1) Methionine
2) Lysine

Front 22

What happens if betaoxidation is blocked? What will the FA do?

Back 22

Package into triglycerides

Front 23

what translates acyl-carnitine into the matrix?

Back 23

translocase

Front 24

What controls the rate of beta oxidation?

Back 24

CPT-I

Front 25

What does CPT-II do?

Back 25

Puts CoA back on the FA

Front 26

What are the four steps of beta oxidation of FA?

Back 26

1) Oxidation
2) Hydration
3) Second Oxidation
4) Thiolysis

Front 27

The first oxidation in beta oxidation is carried out by which enzyme?

Back 27

Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase

Front 28

The the hydration in beta oxidation is carried out by which enzyme?

Back 28

Enoyl CoA hydratase

Front 29

Second oxidation in beta oxidation is carried out by which enzyme?

Back 29

Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenase

Front 30

Which enzyme carries out thiolysis in the beta oxidation process?

Back 30

Thiolase

Front 31

What is the formula to determine how many cycles of beta oxidation the FA will run?

Back 31

Take number of (carbons/2) - 1

Front 32

What are the regulators of beta oxidation?

Back 32

1) ATP/ADP ratio
2) NADH/NAD ratio
3) Mitochondria CoAH
4) CPT regulation (inhibited by malonyl CoA)

Front 33

What does the liver do with excess acetyl coA?

Back 33

Turns it into ketone bodies

Front 34

Ketone bodies are derived from Acetyle CoA via HMG-CoA:

Back 34

1) Acetoacetate
2) D-3-Hydroxybutyrate
3) Acetone (spontaneous decarboxylation)

Front 35

What is the main form of transport to extra hepatic tissue for ketone bodies?

Back 35

Hydroxybutyrate

Front 36

When will the brain adapt to using acetoacetate as a form of energy?

Back 36

Only when its starving and in uncontrolled diabetes

Front 37

Whats different between the dehydrogenase enzymes in beta oxidation and those used in ketone body synthesis?

Back 37

Ketone body synthesis DH is only specific to D isomers.

beta oxidation DH is specific to L isomers