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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When a substance is oxidized, does it lose or gain electrons?
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loses.
ion/atom |
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When a substance is reduced, does it lose or gain electrons?
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gains.
e- + ion/atom |
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What is a monatomic ion?
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an ion consisting of one element
examples include: Na+ or Au+3, or Zn+2, or Al+3 |
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What is an oxidation number?
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the actual charge for a monatomic ion or the hypothetical charge assigned to the atom.
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Can oxidation numbers change in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
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yes.
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Does oxidation occur when there is an increase or decrease in oxidation number?
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Increase
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Does reduction occur when there is an increase or decrease in oxidation number?
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Decrease
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What is the oxidation number for an atom in its elemental form?
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Always 0.
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What is the oxidation number of each H atom in the H₂ molecule?
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Zero.
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What is the oxidation number of each P atom in the P₄ molecule?
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Zero.
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What is the oxidation number for any monatomic ion?
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The oxidation number equals the charge on the ion.
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What is the oxidation number of K+ ?
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The oxidation number is +1
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What is the oxidation number of S 2-?
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The oxidation state is -2.
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What is the oxidation number for alkali metals?
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Their oxidation number is +1 in their compounds.
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What is the oxidation number for alkali earth metals?
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Their oxidation number is +2
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What is the oxidation number for Aluminum?
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Always +3 in its compounds
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How do you distinguish an oxidation number of 3 from a 3 charge?
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The oxidation number is written +3.
The charge is written 3+ |
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Nonmetals usually have negative or positive oxidation numbers?
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negative. however they are occasionally positive.
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The oxidation number of oxygen is usually ____ in both ionic and molecular compounds.
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-2
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What is an ionic compound?
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A compoound consisting of metals and non-metals.
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A major exception in Oxygen's oxidation number is in what type of compounds?
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peroxides (O₂ 2-)
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What is the oxidation number of O₂ 2-?
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-1
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What is the oxidation number of hydrogen when bonded to nonmetals?
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+1
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What is the oxidation number of hydrogen when bonded to metals?
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-1
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What is the oxidation number of flourine?
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-1 in all compounds.
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Halogens have an oxidation number of ___ in most binary compounds.
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-1
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When halogens combine with oxygen, what happens to their oxidation state?
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All oxidation states are positive.
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The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral compound is ___.
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Zero.
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The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion equals ____.
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The charge of the ion.
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What is the charge of hydronium?
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+1.
The oxidation number of each H is +1 and oxygen is -2. 3(+1) + (-2) = +1 H3O+ |
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The equasion for molarity is:
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M = (moles solute)/(volume of solution in liters)
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What is an electrolyte?
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Any substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrically conductive medium
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A neutralization reaction occurs when ________.
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A solution of an acid and a solution of a base are mixed.
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When neutralization occurs, what characteristics does the reaction share with the properties of the original solution?
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None.
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Which one is reduced; and which is oxidized?
Ni(s) + Cl₂(g) → NiCl₂ (s) |
Ni --> Ni 2+
Ni is oxidized. Cl₂ → 2Cl- Cl is reduced. |
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Which one is reduced; and which is oxidized?
3Fe(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Al(s) → 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) |
Al is oxidized, Fe is reduced.
Fe 2+ → Fe Al → Al 3+ |
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Which one is reduced; and which is oxidized?
PbS(s) + 4H₂O₂(aq) → PbSo₄(s) + 4H₂O(l) |
S is oxidized, O is reduced.
S 2- → SO₄ 2- The S in SO₄ has a charge of 6. O is -2. 4(-2) - charge of S = -2 charge of S = -2+8 = 6 |
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Rule 1: For an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always zero.
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Rule 1: For an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always zero.
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