Oxford Aqa Histor - Tudors Henry Viii

Front 1

Legacy of Henry VII - positives

Back 1

1.2 million left in the treasury. Good relationship with catholic church. Income of £105,000 p.a. Secure borders. Pretenders have been dealt with. Noble family reduced from 50 to 35 - less threat. Marriage of Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon.

Front 2

Legacy of Henry VII - Negatives

Back 2

Emphasis on Arthur, Henry was the spare. He received little training on how to be a good king, while his brother was sent away to Wales to learn how to be king. League of Cambrai 1508. Disgruntled nobility.

Front 3

Battle of the Spurs

Back 3

16 August 1513. Was fought between English and French. Louis XII had stopped paying the annual war pension - little respect. A French cavalry force found itself opposite the Anglo-imperial army, the size and position which it had completely misjudged. The French turned and fled. Henry captured the towns tournai and therouanne.

Front 4

Battle of Flodden Field

Back 4

Scotland's king James was killed along with 10,000 men. Killed a lot of army and nobility, each noble family lost around 1 member. James' wife Margaret became regiment of Scotland, Henry's sister so she liked him. Safe northern border. However the total cost of the 2 battles was 1.2 million and he cant afford to take over Scotland - a bit pointless.

Front 5

Treaty of London

Back 5

Also known as treaty of universal peace. Signed in 1918. The first term was for peace to be declared between the countries. Also agrees they will help each other during invasions by land or sea. Countries include England, France, HRE and Spain. Ended Englands isolation.

Front 6

The other side of the treaty of London

Back 6

Only lasted 6 months, as Denmark invaded Sweden in 1919 with the Popes approval. It was really designed to unite the European countries of Christian religion against the ottoman empire. Wolsey refused to let cardinal campeggio into the country until made legate a latere. The treaty was a cover story for negotiations between England and France. England returned tournai in return for 600,000 crowns and the proposal of marriage between Mary and Francis's son.

Front 7

Field of the cloth of gold, 1520

Back 7

Cost around 1.5 million - more than his inheritance. Only lasted two weeks. Waste of money.

Front 8

Anglo French treaty

Back 8

1514. Includes a war pension of £10,000 and a promise of marriage of Henry's sister Mary to Louis XII. This money was a lot less than had been spent.

Front 9

Betrayals

Back 9

1512 - failed join invasion of France by England and Spain.

1513 - failed joint invasion of France by England and HRE.

1515 - alliance between Spain and England vs France

1516 - alliance between HRE and England vs france and Spain.

1523 - failed joint invasion of France with Spain and HRE

1524 - failed joint invasion of France with Spain and HRE.

Front 10

Treaty of Cambrai

Back 10

1517 - involving Spain, HRE, France and Papacy. England left out

1529 - Peace between Charles V and France. England left out again.

Unless England is in charge, they are often left out of European politics.

Front 11

Holy league

Back 11

1511. Anglo-papal alliance. Many countries against France.

Front 12

Tudor subsidy

Back 12

New annual taxation based onta percentage of your income. Not collected by parliament but by local officials l. Brought in £322,099 between 1513 and 1515 (doubled Henry's income overnight.

Front 13

Amicable grant

Back 13

This was a tax that wasn't authorised by Parliament. It relied on 'voluntary' contributions to fight a war against the French in 1525. This was very unpopular, causing a tax rebellion and almost caused a significant uprising against Henry.

Front 14

Justice

Back 14

Wolsey provides Henry a substantial amount of income from using courts such as the Court of Star Chamber, using it to punish nobles. The caseload increased by 1000% from the reign of Henry VII.

Front 15

Act of resumption

Back 15

1515. Wolsey introduced this and many nobles were forced to return lands that the king had given to them as a gift. Many nobles resented this act and the subsequent rise to power of a new-born man.

Front 16

Enclosures

Back 16

Wolsey betrayed his own policy of trying to stop "enclosures" (landlords occupying and fencing common land) in 1523 in order to hopefully push his taxation through parliament.

Front 17

Expulsion of the minions

Back 17

Removed all nobles from the kings court who were largely opponents of wolsey. 1519.

Front 18

Henry's annulment failure - Wolsey's fault?

Back 18

In 1518 wolsey refused to let cardinal campeggio into the country until he was appointed legate a latere. At the blackfriars trail in 1529 cardinal campeggio was co-legate with wolsey. Due to wolseys previous actions campeggio may have prevented him achieving the annulment. He charged with praemunire and was sentenced to execution.

Front 19

Henry's annulment failure - out of Wolsey's control?

Back 19

The argument put foward by Henry and used by Wolsey was that God was punishing him for the sin of marrying his dead brother's widow but not allowing him to have a son. This was a weak argument. Catherine maintained that she was Henry's legitimate wife and queen, and that her marriage to Arthur had not been consummated. The fact she was unwilling to accept what Henry was proposing and her popularity with the people was a blockade to Henry's wishes.