Overview Of The Cell - Ch. 7

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

The smallest living unit of organization in the body.

Front 2

Exocytosis

Back 2

Active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment.

Occurs when there is fusion of a vesicle membrane with the cell membrane and subsequent expulsion of the contained material.

Front 3

Endocytosis

Back 3

The uptake of materials from the extracellular environment into the cell.

Front 4

Phagocytosis

Back 4

Is the engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material.

Front 5

Tissue

Back 5

Cells with similar characteristics of form and function that are grouped together.

Front 6

Organ

Back 6

Tissues that are bonded together and creates a somewhat independent body part that performs a specific funtion or functions.

Front 7

System

Back 7

Organs that function together.

Front 8

Histology

Back 8

Is the study of microscopic structure and function of cells and their tissues.
AKA Microanatomy

Front 9

Cell Membrane

Back 9

AKA Plasma Membrane
It completely suround the cell.
It is an intricate bilayer consisting mainly of phospholipids and proteins.

Gate Keeper of cells interior.

Front 10

Cytoplasm

Back 10

Includes the semifluid portion contained within the cell membrane boundry as well as the skeletal system of support.

Front 11

Organelles

Back 11

Are specialized, metabolically active structures within the cell.

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Largest, densest, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell. It is found in all cells except mature red blood cells.

It is the cells "memory bank" and stores the genetic code.

It is also the command center of the cell, controlling the other organelles in the cell.

Front 13

Nucleoplasm

Back 13

The fluid portion within the nucleus, which contains important molecules used in the construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, and other nuclear materials.

Front 14

Nuclear Envelope

Back 14

Completely surrounds the nucleus.

Is similar to the cell membrane, except that it is double layered.

Front 15

Nuclear Pores

Back 15

Can pierce the nuclear envelope and act as an avenue of communication between the inner nucleoplasm and the outer cytoplasm.

Front 16

Nucleolus

Back 16

Contained in the nucleus.
Mainly produces rRNA and the nucleotides fo the two other types of RNA.

Front 17

Mitochondria

Back 17

Most numerous organelles in the cell.
Associated with energy conversion and are a major source of ATP and the site of many metabolic reactions.

Front 18

Ribosomes

Back 18

Are made in the nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules, which are assembled in the cytoplasm. They function as "protein factories" for the cell.

Front 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Back 19

Can be smooth or rough.
Primary functions are modification, storage, segregations, and finally transport of proteins that the cell manufactures for use in other sections of the cell or even outside the cell.

Front 20

Golgi Complex

Back 20

Subsequent segregations, packaging, and transport of protein compounds once the newly created protein has been modified by the ER.

Front 21

Lysosomes

Back 21

Organelles produced by the Golgi Complex.
Function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell.

Have the ability to lyse, or digest, waste and foreign material.

Front 22

Centrosome

Back 22

Dense oval shaped organelle located near the nucleus and houses the centrioles.
Plays a significant role in forming the mitotic spindle apparatus during cell division.

Front 23

Centrioles

Back 23

Pair of cylindrical structures in the centrosome.

Front 24

Cytoskeleton

Back 24

Three dimensional system of support in the cell interior.

Front 25

Microfilaments

Back 25

Delicate, threadlike microscopic structures that are components of the cytoskeleton

Front 26

Microtubules

Back 26

Components of the cytoskeleton that are slender tubular microscopic structures.

Assist in the maintenance of overall cell shape and in the transport of intracelluar materials.

Front 27

Intermediate filaments

Back 27

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within the cell.

Front 28

Tonofilaments

Back 28

One type of intermediate filament and has a major role in intercelluar junctions

Front 29

Keratin

Back 29

Is formed by intermediate filament and is found in calloused epithelial tissues.

Front 30

Inclusions

Back 30

Metabolically inert substances or structures that are transient.

Front 31

Prophase

Back 31

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, Replicated centrioles migrate to opposite poles. Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

Front 32

Metaphase

Back 32

Chromosomes move so that their centromeres are aligned in the equatorial plane. Mitotic spindle forms.

Front 33

Anaphase

Back 33

Centromeres split, and each chromosome separates into two chromatids. Chromatids migrate to opposie poles by the mitotic spindle.

Front 34

Telophase

Back 34

Division into two daughter cells occurs. Nuclear membrane reappears.

Front 35

Interpahse

Back 35

Cells between divisons engage in growth, metabolism, organelle replacement, and substance production, including chromatin and centrosome replication.

Front 36

Mitosis

Back 36

Portion of cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

Front 37

Tissue Fluid

Back 37

AKA Interstitual fluid
Provides a medium for dissolving, mixing, and transporting substances and for carrying out chemical reactions.

Front 38

Intercellular substance

Back 38

Ground substance
Fills the spaces between cells in a tissue and serves as a barrier to the penetration of foreign substances into the tissue.
Also serves as a medium for exchange of gases and metabolic substances.

Front 39

Desmosome

Back 39

intercellular junction between cells.

Front 40

Hemidesmosome

Back 40

intercellular junction which involves an attachment of a cell to an adjacent noncellular surface.

Are also involved as a mechanism for attaching the epithelium to connective tissue.

Front 41

Histology

Back 41

The study of the microscopic structures and function of cells and their tissues.

Front 42

Inclusions

Back 42

Metabolically inert substances or structures that are transient.