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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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renal artery
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arterioal blood enters the kidney through this
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renal vein
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blood leaves kidney through this
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ureter
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urine produced by kidnesy is transported to the bladder through this
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cortex
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superficial portion of kidney
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medulla
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deeper portion of kidney
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papilla
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innermost part of the medulla
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nephron
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functional unit of kidney
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glomerulus
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filtering portion of nephron
tuft of capillaries receive blood from afferent aretiole and drains into efferent arteriole found in renal cortex produce protein free ultrafiltrate of plasma |
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juxtamedullary glomeruli
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glomeruli located adjacent to medulla at corticomedullary junction
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ultrafiltrate
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protein free produce of plasma
produced in glomerulus |
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renal tubules
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modify composition fo glomerular ultrafiltrate into final urine
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cortex
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glomeruli
tubules vessels juxtamedullary vs. superficial nephrons |
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medulla
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tubules
vessels NO glomeruli |
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blood enters kidneys via
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renal artery
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renal artery terminates into
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afferent arteriole
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efferent arteriole breaks up into
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peritubular capillaries
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filtration barrier through which ultrafiltrate must pass
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endothelial cells
basement membrane podocytes |
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glomerular mesangium
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supports glomerular capillary endothelium
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podocytes
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specialized glomeural epithelial cells that cover the outer surface of endothelial cells
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glomerular basement membrane
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acellular
separates the capillary endothelial cells from podocytes |
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most of the work in kidney is performed by
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renal tubules
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renal tubule
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inside surface (luminal or apical membrane)
outside surface (the peritubular or basolateral membrane) |
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tubular reabsorption
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movement of solutes or water from inside the tubule lumen to outside the tubule
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tubular secreation
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movement of solutes or water from peritubular space to tubular lumen
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quantity and composition of urine is determined by balance between
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glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption tubular secretion |
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three parts of renal tubule
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proximal nephron
loop of Henle distal nephron |
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proximal tubule
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bulk reabsorption of solutes and water
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loop of Henle
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moderate reabsorption of solutes
urinary concentration and dilution |
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distal nephron
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distal convoluted tubule + connecting duct + collecting tubule
"fine tune" urine composition by reabsorption or secretion of relatively small amoutns of solutes and water |
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transepithelial transport
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glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption tubular secretion require driving force and permeability |
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major driving forces regulating glomerular filtration
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hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure |
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paracellular transport
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solutes or water cross an epithelium passing between cells
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transcellular transport
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solutes or water pass through the cells
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membrane transporters
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faciliate solute movment since simple diffusion of solutes through cell membranes is virtually nonexistant
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three types of passive transmembrane transporters
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transmembrane pore
transmembrane channel carrier |
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transmembrane pore
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water filled tubes that are always open
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transmembrane channel
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similar to pore but have a gate that can be open or close
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carrier
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gates at both inner and outer membrane surface
ex. renal glucose transport |
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basic renal vasculature
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renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillaries -> glomerular capillaries -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries
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vasa recta
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peritubular capillaries of juxtamedullary nephrons
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