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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The 4 things a successful pahtogen must do to survive
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1. Find its niche (in a human host)
2. Adequately evate innate and adaptive immunity 3. Multiply 4. Pass to other hosts (and repeat cycle) |
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Opportunistic (or Occasional) Pathogens
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Pathogens not dependent on human hosts for survival
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Specialized Pathogens
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Human hosts are critical to pathogen's survival and humans are the only host
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What usually causes the symptoms associated with pathogens?
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The host's inflammatory response to the pathogen
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Causes of disease symptoms?
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-host's inflammtory response the most common
-some pathogens can induce inflammatory response because they survive better under those conditions -sometimes symptoms are directly caused by toxins (i.e. LPS) produced by the pathogen |
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Are Fungi obilgate human pathogens?
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None are obligate human pathogens
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Under what conditions are humans susceptable to fungal infections?
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Immunologically compromised humans are extremely susceptible (immunologically normal humans are not generally susceptible)
-particularly important for AIDs patients |
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How can Fungi evade the immune response?
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Pathogenic forms are able to partially evade being phagocytosed and killed in phagocytes
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Are bacteria, fungi, and parasites Eurkaryotes or Prokaryotes?
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-Bacteria are Eukaryotic
-Fungi and Parasties are Prokaryotic |
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Protozoa
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Single cell parasites
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Nematodes, Trematodes, Cestodes (round worms, flukes, tapeworms)
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Multicellular parasties (more common infectious than protozoa)
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Why do parasites have complex life cycles?
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Have different life cycles with different forms (sexual and asexual) in different host speices to prolong the life of the host to increase chance of transmission
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Why is it hard to vaccinate against parasties?
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They evolved to be very resistant to defensive mechanisms -> generally highly adapted to a particular host species
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Are antibiotics specific for individual bacteria?
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No, they often overlap so get a whole spectrum of bacteria
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Are antivirals specific for individual viruses?
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Yes, antivirals must target specific viral-encoded enzymes or structures required for replication
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Are antifungals and antiparasties specific?
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Yes, they are both eurkaryotic so they must target virulence functions nd are very species specific and unique from those of the eukaryotic host
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What is required for a pathogen to be completely irradiated?
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Must be an obliagte human pathogen
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What is special about children vaccines?
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Children cannot be immunized by poysaccharides, they are immunized by protein-polysaccharide conjugates to trick the immune system to produce a T-cell response
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