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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does cancer rank in causes of death in kids?
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2nd behind accidents
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What % of cancer cases are in kids?
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2%
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Which age groups of kids are at highest risk?
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Youngest and Oldest kids
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Overall estimated survival rate of ped onc?
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78%
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Top 3 in order of types of Ped Onc?
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Leukemia
Brain Tumors Lymphoma |
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Mortality Rate in Kids vs Adults
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Kids: 2.7 in 100,000
Adults: 183 per 100,000 |
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Participation in clinical trials in kids vs adults?
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80% of kids
< 3% of adults |
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Big Etiology of Pediatric Cancer
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Genetics (instead of environmental)
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Diseases the create a predisposition to cancer?
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Down Syndrome
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome Immunodeficiency Syndromes |
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What does Down's predispose you for?
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Leukemia (both AML and ALL)
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What is Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome?
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Congenital Overgrowth Syndrome (tongue, organs, abd wall)
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What does Beckwith Wiedemann predispose you to?
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Wilms Tumor
Hepatic Tumors |
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Main type of cancer that Immunodeficiency predisposes to?
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Lymphoma (NHL) often EBV related
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kid under 3 + lymphoma = suspect?
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immunodeficiency
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When to suspect cancer?
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Unexplained Sx's (limp, infections, abd pain, HA)
Chronically Ill-appearing (FTT, fever) Loss of Dev milestones Family Concerns |
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Keys to Hx?
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Duration of Sx's
Change in Sx's over time ROS |
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What does Li-Fraumeni predispose to?
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Sarcomas
Leukemia Breast |
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Autoimmune Diseases predispose to?
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Lymphoma
Leukemia |
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A recurrent Fever might be:
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Leukemia
Metastatic Tumor |
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Bone Pain, limp could be a Sx of?
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Leukemia
Bone Tumor Neuroblastoma |
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Bruising is a Sx of?
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Leukemia
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Retroperitoneal Tumors =?
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Wilm's
Neuroblastoma |
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What's the most common extra-cranial tumor in kids?
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Neuroblastoma
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Locations of Neuroblastoma?
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50-70% intra-abdominal
20% thoracic |
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How to test for neuroblastoma?
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Urinary VMA and HVA (catacholamine metabolites)
CT Scans Bone Imaging Bone Marrow Biopsies |
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Rx for Neuroblastoma?
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Risk-Related
Surgery for low risk Surgery plus chemo/rad for high risk Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for high risk |
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Prognosticators for Neuroblastoma?
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<1 is better
>1 usually means advanced Amplification of N-myc is bad |
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What is the most common abd and renal tumor?
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Wilms Tumor
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Sx's of Wilms Tumor
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Asymptomatic Mass
Abd Pain HTN Hematuria (25%) |
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Syndromes that predispose you to Wilms Tumor
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WAGR (30%)
Denys-Drash (90%) BWS (5%) |
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Rx for Wilms
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Unilateral: Primary nephrectomy, chemo, rad
Bilateral: Bilateral biopsies, Chemo, Nephron sparing surgery |
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Prognosis of Wilms
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Low Stage Disease: >90% relapse free survival
Bilateral disease: >70% |
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What percent of childhood leukemias are ALL?
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75-80%
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Dx of ALL?
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CBC (pancytopenia, inc WBC)
Bone Marrow Aspirate (lymphoblasts) Lumbar Puncture |
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Age groups and ALL?
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Better if under 10
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What percent of pediatric cancers are lymphomas?
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15%
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Which type of lymphoma is more common in Kids?
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NHL>HD
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5 year survival rate in pediatric brain tumors?
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60-70%
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Sx's of Brain Tumors in Kids
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HA
Vomiting Behavior Changes Developmental Delay Wt gain/loss Inc ICP Parinaud syndrome (setting sun) Cranial Neuropathies |
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Rx for Pediatric Brain Tumors
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Neurosurgery
Radiation Therapy (toxic to kids) Chemotherapy |
