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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most readily used energy source?
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carbohydrates
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what are the 3 stages of catabolism?
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stage 1: hydrolysis of dietary macromolecules into small subunits
stage 2: conversion of monomers into a form that can be completely oxidized stage 3: the complete oxidation of nutrients and the production of ATP |
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what is the purpose of the first stage of catabolism?
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to degrade large food molecules into their component subunits
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polysaccharides are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. this process begins in the __ where enzyme __ begins the hydrolysis of starch.
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mouth
amylase |
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__ catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose producing what?
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2 glucose molecules
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sucrose is hydrolyzed to __ and __ by what enzyme?
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glucose and fructose
sucrase |
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lactose (milk sugar) is degraded into the monosaccharides __ and __ by what enzyme?
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glucose and galactose
lactase |
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the monosaccharides are taken up in the small intestine by what type of transport?
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active transport
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the digestion of proteins begins where?
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stomach
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in stomach, the low pH are slowly degrading the proteins and are more easily hydrolyzed by the enzyme ?
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pepsin
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proteins are further degraded by what 4 enzymes?
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trypsin
chymotrypsin elastase other proteases |
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what are the 2 products of protein digestion?
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amino acids
short oligopeptides |
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the uptake of protein in the small intestine uses what type of transport?
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active transport
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digestion of fat does not begin until food reaches the __
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small intestine (duodenum)
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__ salts produced by the liver breaks down the large fat globules into tiny fat droplets
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bile
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the pancreatic __ further hydrolysis the fats
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lipase
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what are the 2 products of fat hydrolysis?
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fatty acids
glycerol |
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fat is taken up in the intestinal cells by what type of transport?
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passive transport
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draw the chemical structures of the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
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see photo3
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stage II: conversion of monomers into a form that can be completely oxidized
what are the 2 major pathways of energy metabolism? |
glycolysis and citric acid cycle
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draw the three stages of the conversion of food into cellular energy in the form of ATP
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see photo4
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stage III: the complete oxidation of nutrients and the production of ATP
acetyl coA carries acetyl groups to the __ cycle |
citric acid cycle
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