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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
volcano |
An opening in the surface of the Earth through which molten rock, gases, and rock fragments are forced out |
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plebeian |
A common farmer, trader, or craft-worker in Ancient Rome. |
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patrician |
A member of the noble families who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic. |
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republic |
A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them. |
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representative |
A person who is elected by citizens to speak or act for them. |
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Senate |
The lawmaking body and most powerful branch of government in ancient Rome's republic. |
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tribune |
An elected leader of ancient Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians. |
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consul |
One of two of the elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and was a supreme judge. |
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Twelve Tables |
The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law. |
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Livy |
a Roman historian |
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Punic Wars |
A conflict between Rome and the Carthage in the 200s B.C., ending in a victory for Rome. |
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Hannibal |
247?-183? B.C. Carthaginian general in the Second Punic War. |
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Scipio Africanus |
234?-183? B.C. Roman general who defeated Hannibal |
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civil war |
An armed conflict between groups within one country. |
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dictator |
A ruler who has absolute power. |
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Pax Romana |
A period of peace for the Roman Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27 B.C. and lasted around 200 years. |
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gladiator |
A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public. |
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census |
A periodic count of all the people living in a country, city, or other region. |
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Augustus |
63 B.C.- 14 A.D. First Roman emperor; established the Pax Romana |
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Julius Caesar |
100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C. |
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Pompey |
106-48 B.C. Roman politician and general; enemy of Julius Caesar |
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Cleopatra |
69-30 B.C. Egyptian queen who supported Julius Caesar in the civil war in Rome. |
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New Testament |
The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and his early followers. |
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Messiah |
A special leader the Jewish people believe will be sent by God to guide them and set up God's rule on Earth. Christians believe Jesus to be the Messiah. |
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Christianity |
A religion based on the teaching of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament. |
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parable |
A simple story that contains a message or truth. |
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apostle |
One of the 12 closest followers of Jesus, chosen by him to help him teach. |
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crucifixion |
Execution on a cross. |
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bishop |
A church official who leads a large group of Christians in a particular region. |
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pope |
The bishop, or church leader, of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic church. |
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Jesus |
4? B.C.- 29? A.D. Jewish religious leader whose teachings became the foundation of Christianity. |
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Peter |
5?-67? A.D. One of the 12 apostles of Jesus. |
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Paul |
11?-67? A.D. Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world. |
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Constantine |
280-337 A.D. Roman emperor; chose Constantinople as new Roman capital; encouraged Christianity |
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persecution |
A policy of arresting, injuring, or killing members of a religious or ethnic group. |
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity |
A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire and that does not recognize the Pope as its supreme leader |
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Justinian Code |
A code of law that standardized laws in the Byzantine Empire and dealt with slavery, crime, marriage, property rights, and women's rights. |
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Diocletian |
245-313 A.D. Roman emperor who divided the empire in two |
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Justinian |
\One of the greatest Byzantine emperors, who ruled from 527-565 A.D. That tried to unify Byzantine Empire by allowing only certain types of Christian beliefs. |
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Theodora |
c. 500-548 A.D. Byzantine empress; wife of Justinian |