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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sexual Intelligence
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involves self-understanding, interpersonal sexual skills, scientific knowledge, and consideration of the cultural context of sexuality.
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"Conscious Clause"
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some states have entacted laws that prevent pharmacists from refusing birth control & emergency contraception
(other have made it legal) |
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Access to Legal Pharmaceuticals Act
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requires pharmacists to refer clients to other pharmacists who dont oppose birth control.
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______ are less likely to engage in premarital sex than Hispanics, African Americans, or European Americans
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Asians
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_____ emphasize high exploration for males and chastity for females
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Hispanics
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Psychosocial
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Emotions, attitudes, & motivations; have a crucial impact on sexual attitudes, values & behaviors
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Biopsychosocial
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psychosocial + hormonal/CNS impact
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What is the Judaic & Christian view about sex?
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profound physical and emotional experience, more than just a reproductive activity
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Celibacy
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originally meant the state of being unmarried & therefore abstaining from sexual activity (seen as superior to marriage)
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16th Century Protestants
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Allowed marital sex for reasons than procreation
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Victoria Era
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sharp turn > move backwards.
-Madonna (saint) Vs. Eve (whore) *prostitution practice flourished |
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Slavery
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Black sexuality provided a justification for slavery= compared to sexuality of Apes
-Female slaves seen as Jezebels (treacherous seductresses) -Slaves had no rights over their own bodies. Owner managed their "breeding" |
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20th Century
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-Frued: sexuality innate in women as well as men
-50's: sitcoms w/ couples in separate beds, 1st playboy issue published -60's: new gender role, equality, birth control introduced -70's: birth control legal w/ unmarried couples, legalized abortion, sex therapy legitimized, change toward homosexuality acceptance ('73 removed from DSM) -80's: 1st AIDS diagnosis |
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sexology
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study of sex. role is to test assumptions in a scientific way, to find whether they are true or false & to document what underlying relationships (if any) they reveal.
-difficult since this is an extremely private area of our lives |
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Goals of Sexology
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Scientfic Goals:
1) understanding 2) predicting 3rd: using scientifically acquired knowledge to control behavior. -more difficult concept -concern over legitimacy |
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3 non-experimental methods of sexology
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1) case study
2) Surveys 3) Direction Observations |
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Case Study
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-examines either a single subject or a small group of subjects
- direct observations, questionnaires, testing & even experimentation -many who volunteer because of a specific physical/emotional d/o |
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Surveys
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-people are asked about their sexual experiences or attitudes
- enables researchers to collect data from a large # of people. -orally, face-to-face, telephone, or paper & pencil questionnaires -recently, computerized interviews |
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Direct Observation
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- Researchers observe and record responses of participating subjects.
-Little research because of the highly personal and private nature of the subject -Masters & Johnson- sample= academic community of above-average intelligence and SES. -recorded physiological sexual responses (observed how men and women respond to stimulation, found now biological difference between clitoral and vaginal orgasms.) -Direct observation eliminates the possibility of data falsification. Records can be kept on videotape. |
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Experimental
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- involves presenting subjects with certain events (stimuli) under managed conditions that allow for reliable measurement of their reactions.
- Advantages: provides a controlled environment in which all possible influences on subjects responses, other than the factors that are being investigated, can be ruled out. - because researchers are able to control variables precisely, they are able to draw conclusions about casual relationships to a degree not possible with other research methods. -Disadvantages: artificiality of lab settings, which can adversely influence or bias subjects' responses. |
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Sex vs Gender
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sex= our biological femaleness or maleness, genetic sex, determined by our sex chromosomes, anatomical sex, obviously physical differences between males and females
Gender= a concept that encompasses the special psychosocial meanings added to biological maleness and femaleness. |
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Gender Assumptions
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when we meet people we note their sex and make assumptions about how they are likely to behave based on their maleness or femaleness
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Gender Identity
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refers to each individuals subjective sense of being male or female
-no guarantee that a person's gender identity will be consistent with his/her biological sex |
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Gender Role (aka sex role)
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refers to a collection of attitudes and behaviors that are considered normal and appropriate in a specific culture of people of a particular sex
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Chromosomal Sex
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Biological sex, determined at conception by the chromosomal make up of the sperm
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Gonadal Sex
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First few weeks after conception the reproductive organs or gonads are the same in males and females.
-SRY triggers the production of male testes and absence triggers gonad tissue to develop into ovaries |
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Hormonal Sex
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estrogen influences the development of female physical sex characteristics and testosterone influences the development of physical sex characteristics
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Intersexed (aka hermaphrodite)
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ambiguous or contradictory sex characteristics
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True vs Pseudo - Hermaphrodites
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True: both ovarian and testicular tissuee
Pseudo: more common, possess ambiguous internal and external reproductive anatomy, born with gonads that match their chromosomal sex |
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Turners Syndrome
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rare. presence of only one sex chromosome, an X.
-Normal female genitals, internal structures do not develop, no breast and unusually short |
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Klinefelters Syndrom
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more common. atypical ovum containing 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes, fertilized by a Y chromosome creating an XXY individual
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Transsexual
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person who's gender identity is opposite his/her biological sex
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Gender Dysphoria
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person who feels trapped in a body of the "wrong" sex
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Transgendered
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individual whose appearance and/or behaviors do not comform to traditional gender roles
(cross dressing, transvestites) |
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Gender Identity vs. Sexual Orientation
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Gener Identity: who are are
Sexual Orientation: which of the sexes we are emotionally and sexually attracted |
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anti-androgens
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used for the tx of sex offenders & medical conditions such as prostate cancer
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oxytocin
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one of the most important neuropeptide hormones, influence erotic & emotional attraction to one another
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hypogonadism
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state of testosterone deficiency that results from certain diseases of the endocrine systems
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serotonin
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inhibits sexual activity
-male ejaculation cuases a release of serotonin in both the MPOA & lateral hypothalamus -SSRI's diminsh genital sensitivity & reduce orgasmic capacity in both sexes |
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Vasocongestion
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engorgement w/ blood of body tissues that respond to sexual excitation.
(erection of penis, lubrication of the vagina, labia, testes, clit, nipple & even earlobes) |
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Myotonia
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increased muscle tension that occurs throughout the body during sexual arousal.
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2 types of love
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1) passionate love
2) Companionate love |
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Passionate Love
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romantic love, infatuation. state of extreme absorption with and desire for another.
-early in a relationship, short lived |
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Companionate Love
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friendly affection and a deep attachment that is based on extensive familiarity with the loved one.
-enduring |
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Sternburgs Triangular Theory of Love
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3 dimensions: passion, intimacy, and commitment
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Passion
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motivational component that fuels romantic feelings, physical attraction, and desire for sexual interaction.
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Intimacy
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emotional component of love that encompasses the sense of being bonded with another person. feelings of warmth, sharing and emotional closeness. willingness to help the other, openness to sharing private thoughts and feelings
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Commitment
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thinking or cognitive aspect of love. conscious decision to love another and to maintaining a relationship over time despite difficulties.
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Lee's Styles of Loving (6)
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1) Romantic
2) Game-playing (conquests) 3) Possessive (obsessive) 4) Companionate (affection & commitment) 5) Altruistic (selflessness & caring) 6) Pragmatic (rational practical criteria) |
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Attachment Styles
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1) Securely Attached
2) Insecurely Attached 3) Anxious-ambivilant (extremem separation anxiety) 4) Avoidant (want close contact but reluctant to see this, distrust) |
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Sex Differences of Jealousy
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-Women focus on partners emotional involvement with another person
-Men focus on his partner's sexual involvement |
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2 types of love
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1) passionate love
2) Companionate love |
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Passionate Love
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romantic love, infatuation. state of extreme absorption with and desire for another.
-early in a relationship, short lived |
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Companionate Love
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friendly affection and a deep attachment that is based on extensive familiarity with the loved one.
-enduring |
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Sternburgs Triangular Theory of Love
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3 dimensions: passion, intimacy, and commitment
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Passion
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motivational component that fuels romantic feelings, physical attraction, and desire for sexual interaction.
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Intimacy
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emotional component of love that encompasses the sense of being bonded with another person. feelings of warmth, sharing and emotional closeness. willingness to help the other, openness to sharing private thoughts and feelings
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Commitment
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thinking or cognitive aspect of love. conscious decision to love another and to maintaining a relationship over time despite difficulties.
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Lee's Styles of Loving (6)
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1) Romantic
2) Game-playing (conquests) 3) Possessive (obsessive) 4) Companionate (affection & commitment) 5) Altruistic (selflessness & caring) 6) Pragmatic (rational practical criteria) |
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Attachment Styles
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1) Securely Attached
2) Insecurely Attached 3) Anxious-ambivilant (extremem separation anxiety) 4) Avoidant (want close contact but reluctant to see this, distrust) |
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Sex Differences of Jealousy
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-Women focus on partners emotional involvement with another person
-Men focus on his partner's sexual involvement |
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Complete Celibacy
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person neither masturbates nor has sexual contact with another person
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Partial Celibacy
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individual masturbates but doesn't have interpersonal sexual contact
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Maltz Heirarchy: 3 positive Levels of Sexual Interaction
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1) Positive Role Fulfillment (well defined gender roles)
2) Making Love (emphasized mutual pleasure) 3) Authentic Sexual Intimacy (brings a shared sense of deep connections with both oneself and to ones partner) |
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Maltz Heirarchy: 3 Negative Levels of Sexual Interaction
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1) Impersonal Interaction (marked by lack of respect and responsibility toward oneself and the other person)
2) Abuse Interaction (involves one person's conscious domination of another by psychological coercion) 3) Violent Interaction (occurs when sexual energy is used purposefully to express hostility) |
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Tribadism
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rubbing ones genitals against someone else's body or genital area
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Intromission
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entry of the penis into the vagina
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Types of Bisexuality (4)
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1) Real Orientation
2) Transitory (temp involvment) 3) Transitional (changing from one orientation to another) 4) Homosexual Denial (attempt to deny exclusive homosexual interests) |
